慕尼黑德国小馆简介:什么造就了杀手？

什么造就了杀手？

What is it that pushes a person to end the life of another person? Does it take a special sort of human to kill, or is there potential in all of us? Does it depend upon situations and scenarios? Are we all born killers who repress our urges, or must we break down social and psychological barriers before we can take a life?

什么会迫使一个人结束另一个人的生命？是不是只有特殊的人会杀人，还是我们大家都有可能？是不是需要特殊的情景和场景？是不是我们天生就是杀手，只是抑制了我们的本能？或者是不是在正常生活之前，我们必须打破社会和心理的障碍？

These are questions people have been trying to answer for centuries. There are many different kinds of killers. There are mentally unstable killers who display psychopathic or sociopathic tendencies. These people appear to have limited resistance to killing if they have any at all. Then there are assassins and hit men who kill either for profit or to maintain status within a group. There are those who kill out of self-defense. And there are the soldiers whose job includes killing enemies in combat.

几个世纪来，人们一直试图回答这些问题。杀手的类型多种多样。有心理变态或反社会倾向的精神不稳定的杀手。一旦他们有这些倾向，他们很难抗拒不去杀人。还有刺客和袭击人士，他们要么为了利益要么为了维持人群中的地位。还有一些出于自卫而杀人。还有在战斗中打死敌人的士兵。

Is there a common element among all these types of killers? Or does each category have its own special circumstances? There's a great deal of debate over the issue. A soldier likely would object to being placed in the same category as a serial killer. But under the surface, assuming the soldier is willing and able to kill an enemy, how is he or she different from someone who kills compulsively?

所有这些类型的杀手有没有共性呢？或者每一种类型都有特殊的处境？这一问题上分歧很大。士兵很可能会拒绝列入系列杀手中的一类。但是从表面上看，假设这个士兵愿意并且能够杀死敌人，那么他或她与那些被迫杀人的杀手有什么区别呢？

The subject is difficult to address without either sensationalizing or downplaying the elements involved. The truth of the matter is we have no definitive answers for these questions. But scientists, psychologists, psychiatrists and neurologists have proposed hypotheses for why we might kill.

如果没有炒作或者轻描淡写这些相关的因素，这一主题很难解决。事情的真相是，我们对这些问题根本没有明确的答案。但是，科学家、心理学家、精神病学家和神经病学家就我们为什么会杀人纷纷提出了假说。

We'll break down these arguments into two broad categories: nature and nurture. The nature argument suggests that we all possess the ability to kill because we evolved that way.

我们将这些争论分为两大类：自然的和后天培养的。自然学说认为我们所有人都有杀人的能力，因为我们就是这样进化的。