同时申请发明专利:初中英语疑难例析300例 (196---210)
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196.这里的be absent from 搭配正确吗
例 —Is ____ here?
—No.Mary has been absent ____ the reading room for nearly
half an hour.
A.anyone,from B.everyone,from
C.anyone,in D.everyone,in
此题应选D。容易误选A。误选的原因主要是受以下思维定势的影响:
a.someone 用于陈述句,而anyone 用于疑问句。b.absent 后要接介词from,表示“缺席”。其实,在通常情况下,以上说法并没有错。但是问题在于本题不是属于通常情况,而是一种特殊情况:
第一句要填anyone,这主要是由下文的语境决定的。试比较以下两句:
Is anyone here?这儿有人吗?(=有任何人在这儿吗?)
Is everyone here?大家都到齐了吗?
第二句要填介词in,这也是由本题的语境决定的。试比较以下各组句子:
1.a.He is absent from class.他上课缺席。
b.He is absent on a tour.他外出旅行了。
2.a.Mr Smith is absent from the meeting.史密斯先生开会缺席。
b.Mr Smith is absent at the meeting.
史密斯先生不在这里,开会去了。
3.a.He is absent from Beijing.他不在北京。
b.He is absent in Beijing.他外出暂住在北京。
197.这是虚拟语气吗
例 I had hoped to see her off at the station,but I ____ too busy.
A.was B.had been
C.would be D.would have been
此题应选A。容易误选B,D。误选的主要原因是认为前句用了had hoped,所以后句谓语用B,D 的形式,误认为这是虚拟语气的时态呼应。
正确的分析是:前一句谓语用had hoped,表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算,可以译为“本想”,而后一句说“我太忙”,这是陈述过去的一个事实,所以要用一般过去时。
1.We had hoped to catch the 9 ∶30 train,but ____ it was gone.
A.found B.had found
C.would find D.would have found
2.I had expected to come over to see you last night,but someone
____ and I couldn't get away.
A.called B.had called
C.would call D.would have called
3.We had wanted to see him,but we ____ no time.
A.had B.had had
C.would have D.would have had
4.We had hoped that you would be able to visit us,but you____ .
A.didn't B.hadn't
C.would not D.would not been
答案:1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A
198.这个Where is what?作何解释
例 A:“Where is it?”,he whispered.
B:“Where is ____ ?”,she whispered.
A.that B.what C.when D.it
此题应选B。容易误选A,D。对于此题有的考生首先就排除了选B,C,其理由是“疑问词”只能出现在句首位置。
其实疑问词出现在句中甚至句末是完全可能的,但这多半是有特殊的语境或使用的句式比较特殊。本题选B(What)的原因是:上句问Where is it?(它在什么地方),但听话人对此句中代词it 指代什么东西并不清楚,所以她反问Where is what?(什么在什么地方?)
这类用法在口语中经常使用:
1.—We are ready.Let's begin.我们准备好了,开始吧。
—Ready for what?准备干什么?
2.—What are you going to do next fall?下一个秋季打算要干什么?
—Next what?你说下一个什么?
3.—Who took it?谁把它拿走了?
—Who took what?谁把什么拿走了?
4.—How can we finish it?我们怎样才能完成它?
—How can we finish what?我们怎样完成什么?
5.It was so dark I couldn't tell who was Who.
当时一片漆黑,我分不清哪个是哪个。
6.They look exactly the same,and I really don't know which is which.
它们看起来一模一样,我实在分不清哪个是哪个。
199.这个疑问词的选择与答句有关
例 — ____ is her husband?
—The man standing by the window,wearing a blue jacket.
A.Who B.What C.Which D.Where
此题应选C。其它三项均容易被误选,尤其是选项D,因为下文的答语中出现了表示地点的介词短语。
此题选C(which),完全依语境确定:
—哪个(which)是她的丈夫?
—站在窗子边,穿蓝色夹克衣的那个(人是她的丈夫)。
事实上只要改变上文,其它几个选项是完全可能的:
1.— ____ is her husband?
—Mr Smith is.
A.Who B.What C.Which D.Where
2.— ____ is her husband?
—He is a doctor.
A.Who B.What C.Which D.Where
3.— ____ is her husband?
—He is upstairs.
A.Who B.What C.Which D.Where
再看一例相关句型:
4.— ____ is her husband?
—He is very well.
A.Who B.What C.How D.Where
答案:1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C
200.由-ing 分词转化来的形容词不能用于人吗
例 — ____ do you think of your English teacher?
—Oh,he is an ____ man.
A.What,interested B.What,interesting
C.How,interested D.How,interesting
此题应选B。容易误选A。第一句应填What,这是因为:
How do you like?你觉得怎么样?
What do you think of?你觉得怎么样?
以上两句型,含义大致相同,但搭配不同,不能混淆。至于第二句应填interesting,而不填interested,许多考生就弄不明白了,因为许多考生已形成这样的思维定势:interesting 修饰“事”,interested 修饰“人”。这种说法在很多情况下是有效的,但不是永远有效。
准确且实用的表述是:表示使(别)人感到如何,用-ing 分词;表示人自己本身感到如何,用-ed分词。比较:
1.a.He is interested.他很感兴趣。
b.He is an interesting man.他是个有趣的人。
c.I read an interested expression on his face.
我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。
2. a.He is worried.他很焦急。
b.He is a worrying boy.他是个令人焦急的孩子。
c.He had a very worried look on his face.他愁容满面。
3. a.The man was frightened.这个人很害怕。
b.The man was frightening.这个人很恐怖(即可能伤人)。 c.The boy stared at me with frightened eyes.
201.这两个否定句要用and 连接吗
例 —He didn't go with us ____ didn't see the film star.
—Oh,what a ____ !
A.and,pity B.or,pity
C.and,luck D.or,luck
此题应选A。容易误选B。至于C,D,比较容易排除,因为其中的luck 是不可数名词,其前不用a。考生之所以误选B,主要是因为“在否定句中用连词or,不用and”这—定势思维的影响。确实,在否定句中我们通常用连词or 代and:
a.He likes English and French.他喜欢英语和法语。
b.He doesn't like English or French.他不喜欢英语也不喜欢法语。
但是,即使在以上否定句中,用and 也是可能的,只是意思不同罢了:
He doesn't like English and French.他不是既喜欢英又喜欢法语。
但是我们上面一题与以上各句相比有一个特点:就是它用and 连接的是两个否定结构(而不是一个否定结构中的两个部分),此句其实是一个省略句:He didn't go with us and he didn't see the film star.(他没有同我们一起去,因此没有见到这位电影明星)。
请再看一例:
他没有兄弟姐妹。
正:He has no brothers or sisters.
正:He has no brothers and no sisters.
202.不能说Happy Christmas!吗
例 — ____ Christmas!
—Same ____ you.
A.Merry,as B.Merry,on
C.Happy,as D.Happy,to
此题应选D。容易误选A,B。错误思维是:
1.可以说Happy new year,但必须说Merry Christmas。
2.the same as,the same?as 是固定搭配。
关于第2 点,比较好解释,因为(The)Same to you.是口语惯用语,回答祝愿,其意为“也祝你”。而第1 点搞错的人就很多了,不少人都想当然地认为不能像Happy New Year,Happy birthday 那样用Happy Christmas,其实这是一种典型的想当然错误,请看有关权威词书的实例:
1.大家熟悉的《朗文当代英语词典》(1987 年版)就多处出现Happy Christmas 的用例:
1)Happy Christmas (p.476,happy 词条)
2)“Happy Christmas”“Same to you”(p.925 same 词条)
2.又如章振邦教授主编的两本英语语法著作:
1)Happy Christmas《新编英语语法教程》(p.459)
2)A Happy Christmas to all《新编英语语法》
(上册p. 183)
3.再如《英语学习》杂志,1992 年第7 期p.17 的一段对话中,多次将Happy Christmas 与Merry Christmas 交替使用。
4.如果你是一个层次稍高的英语学习者,你可能会读过杨岂深教授主编的《英国文学选读》(Book 3),如果你细心的话,你会发现该书ANGLO-SAXON ATTITUDES 一文里,也在多次交替使用Happy Christmas和Merry Christmas。
203.cooker 是“厨师”吗
例 Her elder brother is a ____ and her younger brother is a ____ .
A.lawyer,cook B.lawer,cooker
C.lawer,cook D.lawyer,cooker
此题应选A。容易误选B,D。
1.根据一般的构词法知识,后缀-er 是构成名词的,表示“的人”:
worker 工人 reader 读者 writer 作家 banker 银行家 villager 村民 southemer 南方人
所以有的考生便由此推出:
law(法律) +er(的人)→律师
但推理错了,“律师”应是lawyer。类似的例子有:
saw(锯) +y +er(的人)→sawyer(锯工,锯木工)
bow(弓) +y +er(的人)→bowyer(制弓的人,弓手)
2.大家知道,cook 用作动词,意为“煮饭”、“烹调”,所以有的考生便想当然地认为:
cook(煮饭) +er(的人)→厨师
这里又错了,其实“厨师”也是cook,而cooker 的意思是“饮具”、“煮器”等。类似地请注意下面一例:
他友好地同我们交谈。
误:He talked with us friendly.
正:He talked with us in a friendly way.
析:friendly 虽然以-ly 结尾,但它却是形容词而不是副词。
205.send 能表示亲自“送”吗
例 You must ____ it there yourself.You can't ask someone else
to do it for you.
A.send B.take C.get D.fetch
此题应选B。容易误选A。因send 在汉语中意为“送”,而此意刚好与本题相符,所以有的考生毫不犹豫地选了A。其实,send 表示的“送”,与汉语中的“送”并不完全同义,因为汉语中的“送”既可以表示自己亲自送,也可以指请人或通过某种手段间接地送;而英语中的send 通常只表示间接地送,而不能指自己亲自送。
你每天送他儿子上学。
误:He sends his son to school every day.
正:He takes his son to school every day.
今天下午我将亲自把书送到你家里。
误:I'll send the book to your house myself this afternoon.
正:I'll bring the book to your house myself this afternoon.
Will you send my breakfast up,please?
误:请你把我的早饭送上来。
正:请你叫人把我的早饭送上来好吗?
Who sent you to me?
误:是谁送你到我这来的?
正:是谁派你来找我的?
I'm too busy,and I'll send it.
误:我太忙了,我要把它送去。
正:我太忙了,我要把它寄去(或派人送去)。
206.anything 可指人吗
例 —Is he a boy with good manners?
—No,he is ____ but polite.
A.anything B.anyone C.anywhere D.anybody
此题应选A。容易误选B,D。有的考生认为,既然句子主语是he,所以这里只能选B,D 表示“人”。其实此题应选A。因为anything but 是一个习语,意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”,可用于人或事物。如:
Her father was anything but a poet.
她父亲根本不是诗人(即你说他是什么都行,就是不能说他是诗人)。
My income is anything but large.我的收入绝对不算多。
His visit to Paris was anything but a success.他的巴黎之行根本不成功。
I know him well.He will do anything but that.
我了解他,他决不会干那种事。
Such a man was anything but a hero.那样的人绝不算英雄。
类似地,nothing but(意为:只有,只不过)也有类似用法:
There was nothing but an old table in the room.房间里只有一张旧桌子。
Don't have him for a friend.He is nothing but a cheat.
不要和他交朋友,他是个骗子。
The man you talked to just now was nothing but a thief.
刚才同你讲话的那个人是个贼。
207.这个that 是什么词性
例 —Would you say something more about if?
—I'm afraid I can't I only know ____ much.
A.such B.too C.very D.that
此题应选D。其它三项都有可能被误选。
1.有的考生认为应该选A,因为such 意为“那么”,所以such much就指“那么多”——此分析错误,因为such 是形容词而不是副词,所以它可修饰名词,而不能修饰副词。如:
正:such clever boys/such a nice box
误:such clever/such nice
2.有的考生认为可以选B,C,因为他们认为像too much,very much这样的搭配读起来很上口。当然单独就too much 和very mucn 这两个表达来说,并没有错:
I like it very much.我很喜欢它。
Don't talk too much.不要讲得太多。
但是在本题这样的语境中,用这两者显然都不合适。
3.选项D 正确,因为that 在这里用作副词,意为“那么”,类似地this 也可用作副词,意为“这么”,它们这样用时,可以修饰形容词或副词:
This problem isn't that simple.这个问题不那么简单。
I have never been this sick before.我以前从未病得这样严重。
I've never come this far before.我以前从未来过这么远。
—He must be six foot tall.他准有6 英尺高。
—Is he that tall?他有那么高吗?
207.这个that 是什么词性
例 —Would you say something more about if?
—I'm afraid I can't I only know ____ much.
A.such B.too C.very D.that
此题应选D。其它三项都有可能被误选。
1.有的考生认为应该选A,因为such 意为“那么”,所以such much就指“那么多”——此分析错误,因为such 是形容词而不是副词,所以它可修饰名词,而不能修饰副词。如:
正:such clever boys/such a nice box
误:such clever/such nice
2.有的考生认为可以选B,C,因为他们认为像too much,very much这样的搭配读起来很上口。当然单独就too much 和very mucn 这两个表达来说,并没有错:
I like it very much.我很喜欢它。
Don't talk too much.不要讲得太多。
但是在本题这样的语境中,用这两者显然都不合适。
3.选项D 正确,因为that 在这里用作副词,意为“那么”,类似地this 也可用作副词,意为“这么”,它们这样用时,可以修饰形容词或副词:
This problem isn't that simple.这个问题不那么简单。
I have never been this sick before.我以前从未病得这样严重。
I've never come this far before.我以前从未来过这么远。
—He must be six foot tall.他准有6 英尺高。
—Is he that tall?他有那么高吗?
208.how 与what 搭配习惯不一样
例 a. ____ do you like the film?
b. ____ do you think of the film?
A.How,How B.What,What
C.How,Whwt D.What,How
此题应选C。容易误选A,B。在询问看法时,以下两类句型均可,但表达方式和搭配不同(不能混用):
你认为你们的英语老师怎么样?
正:How do you like your English teacher?
正:What do you think of your English teacher?
类似地,以下各例也要根据搭配不同而分别选用What 和how:
1.在询问天气时:
今天天气怎么样?
正:How is the weather today?
正:What's the weather like today?
2.表达“如何说”这一概念时,用how/what:
这个用英语怎么说?
正:How do you say it in English?
正:What do you call it in English?
3.询问“长短”、“宽窄”、“高低”、“多少”等场合时
(how多用于口语或非正式文体,What 多用于正式文体):
这河有多宽?
正:How wide is the river?
正:What's the width of the river?
209.very 修饰的习惯错误
例 He was ____ tired and soon he was ____ asleep.
A.very,very B.fast,fast
C.fast,very D.very,fast
此题应选D。容易误选A。在通常情况下,副词very 可用来修饰其它形容词或副词,以加强语气,但是有些形容词习惯上不用very 而是用其它词语来修饰:
1.某些以a-开头的表语形容词通常不用very 修饰:
他睡得很熟。
正:He was fast[sound]asleep.
误:He was very asleep.
他完全是醒的。
正:He is wide awake.
误:He is very awake.
他独自一人。
正:He is all alone.
误:He is very alone.
2.修饰worth(值得)通常不用very:
这本书很值得读。
正:The book is well worth reading.
误:The book is very worth reading.
3.修饰动词习惯上不用very,根据情况可用very much,much,quite等来表示类似意思:
我很喜欢英语。
正:I like English very much.
误:I very like English.
210.你知道thank/appreciate 的搭配习惯吗
例 a.He ____ her for her help and then left.
b.He ____ her help and then left.
A.thanked,thanked B.appreciated,appreciated
C.thanked,appreciated D.appreciated,thanked
此题应选C。容易误选A。该题主要涉及表示“感激”的thank 和appreciate 的用法:
1.thank 表示“感谢”,习惯上只接“人”作宾语,而不能接“事”作宾语:
谢谢你的帮助。
正:Thank you for your help.
误:Thank your help.
误:Thank your kindness.
2.appreciate 表示“感谢”,则习惯上只能接“事”作宾语,而不能接“人”作宾语(与thank 的用法恰恰相反):
谢谢你的好意。
正:I appreciate your kindness.
误:I appreciate you for your kindness.
顺便补充一点appreciate 值得注意的用法习惯:可接动名词作宾语(但习惯上不接不定式):
能再次收到你的来信,我们将十分感激。
正:We shall appreciate hearing from you again.
误:We shall appreciate to hear from you again.
例 —Is ____ here?
—No.Mary has been absent ____ the reading room for nearly
half an hour.
A.anyone,from B.everyone,from
C.anyone,in D.everyone,in
此题应选D。容易误选A。误选的原因主要是受以下思维定势的影响:
a.someone 用于陈述句,而anyone 用于疑问句。b.absent 后要接介词from,表示“缺席”。其实,在通常情况下,以上说法并没有错。但是问题在于本题不是属于通常情况,而是一种特殊情况:
第一句要填anyone,这主要是由下文的语境决定的。试比较以下两句:
Is anyone here?这儿有人吗?(=有任何人在这儿吗?)
Is everyone here?大家都到齐了吗?
第二句要填介词in,这也是由本题的语境决定的。试比较以下各组句子:
1.a.He is absent from class.他上课缺席。
b.He is absent on a tour.他外出旅行了。
2.a.Mr Smith is absent from the meeting.史密斯先生开会缺席。
b.Mr Smith is absent at the meeting.
史密斯先生不在这里,开会去了。
3.a.He is absent from Beijing.他不在北京。
b.He is absent in Beijing.他外出暂住在北京。
197.这是虚拟语气吗
例 I had hoped to see her off at the station,but I ____ too busy.
A.was B.had been
C.would be D.would have been
此题应选A。容易误选B,D。误选的主要原因是认为前句用了had hoped,所以后句谓语用B,D 的形式,误认为这是虚拟语气的时态呼应。
正确的分析是:前一句谓语用had hoped,表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算,可以译为“本想”,而后一句说“我太忙”,这是陈述过去的一个事实,所以要用一般过去时。
1.We had hoped to catch the 9 ∶30 train,but ____ it was gone.
A.found B.had found
C.would find D.would have found
2.I had expected to come over to see you last night,but someone
____ and I couldn't get away.
A.called B.had called
C.would call D.would have called
3.We had wanted to see him,but we ____ no time.
A.had B.had had
C.would have D.would have had
4.We had hoped that you would be able to visit us,but you____ .
A.didn't B.hadn't
C.would not D.would not been
答案:1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A
198.这个Where is what?作何解释
例 A:“Where is it?”,he whispered.
B:“Where is ____ ?”,she whispered.
A.that B.what C.when D.it
此题应选B。容易误选A,D。对于此题有的考生首先就排除了选B,C,其理由是“疑问词”只能出现在句首位置。
其实疑问词出现在句中甚至句末是完全可能的,但这多半是有特殊的语境或使用的句式比较特殊。本题选B(What)的原因是:上句问Where is it?(它在什么地方),但听话人对此句中代词it 指代什么东西并不清楚,所以她反问Where is what?(什么在什么地方?)
这类用法在口语中经常使用:
1.—We are ready.Let's begin.我们准备好了,开始吧。
—Ready for what?准备干什么?
2.—What are you going to do next fall?下一个秋季打算要干什么?
—Next what?你说下一个什么?
3.—Who took it?谁把它拿走了?
—Who took what?谁把什么拿走了?
4.—How can we finish it?我们怎样才能完成它?
—How can we finish what?我们怎样完成什么?
5.It was so dark I couldn't tell who was Who.
当时一片漆黑,我分不清哪个是哪个。
6.They look exactly the same,and I really don't know which is which.
它们看起来一模一样,我实在分不清哪个是哪个。
199.这个疑问词的选择与答句有关
例 — ____ is her husband?
—The man standing by the window,wearing a blue jacket.
A.Who B.What C.Which D.Where
此题应选C。其它三项均容易被误选,尤其是选项D,因为下文的答语中出现了表示地点的介词短语。
此题选C(which),完全依语境确定:
—哪个(which)是她的丈夫?
—站在窗子边,穿蓝色夹克衣的那个(人是她的丈夫)。
事实上只要改变上文,其它几个选项是完全可能的:
1.— ____ is her husband?
—Mr Smith is.
A.Who B.What C.Which D.Where
2.— ____ is her husband?
—He is a doctor.
A.Who B.What C.Which D.Where
3.— ____ is her husband?
—He is upstairs.
A.Who B.What C.Which D.Where
再看一例相关句型:
4.— ____ is her husband?
—He is very well.
A.Who B.What C.How D.Where
答案:1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C
200.由-ing 分词转化来的形容词不能用于人吗
例 — ____ do you think of your English teacher?
—Oh,he is an ____ man.
A.What,interested B.What,interesting
C.How,interested D.How,interesting
此题应选B。容易误选A。第一句应填What,这是因为:
How do you like?你觉得怎么样?
What do you think of?你觉得怎么样?
以上两句型,含义大致相同,但搭配不同,不能混淆。至于第二句应填interesting,而不填interested,许多考生就弄不明白了,因为许多考生已形成这样的思维定势:interesting 修饰“事”,interested 修饰“人”。这种说法在很多情况下是有效的,但不是永远有效。
准确且实用的表述是:表示使(别)人感到如何,用-ing 分词;表示人自己本身感到如何,用-ed分词。比较:
1.a.He is interested.他很感兴趣。
b.He is an interesting man.他是个有趣的人。
c.I read an interested expression on his face.
我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。
2. a.He is worried.他很焦急。
b.He is a worrying boy.他是个令人焦急的孩子。
c.He had a very worried look on his face.他愁容满面。
3. a.The man was frightened.这个人很害怕。
b.The man was frightening.这个人很恐怖(即可能伤人)。 c.The boy stared at me with frightened eyes.
201.这两个否定句要用and 连接吗
例 —He didn't go with us ____ didn't see the film star.
—Oh,what a ____ !
A.and,pity B.or,pity
C.and,luck D.or,luck
此题应选A。容易误选B。至于C,D,比较容易排除,因为其中的luck 是不可数名词,其前不用a。考生之所以误选B,主要是因为“在否定句中用连词or,不用and”这—定势思维的影响。确实,在否定句中我们通常用连词or 代and:
a.He likes English and French.他喜欢英语和法语。
b.He doesn't like English or French.他不喜欢英语也不喜欢法语。
但是,即使在以上否定句中,用and 也是可能的,只是意思不同罢了:
He doesn't like English and French.他不是既喜欢英又喜欢法语。
但是我们上面一题与以上各句相比有一个特点:就是它用and 连接的是两个否定结构(而不是一个否定结构中的两个部分),此句其实是一个省略句:He didn't go with us and he didn't see the film star.(他没有同我们一起去,因此没有见到这位电影明星)。
请再看一例:
他没有兄弟姐妹。
正:He has no brothers or sisters.
正:He has no brothers and no sisters.
202.不能说Happy Christmas!吗
例 — ____ Christmas!
—Same ____ you.
A.Merry,as B.Merry,on
C.Happy,as D.Happy,to
此题应选D。容易误选A,B。错误思维是:
1.可以说Happy new year,但必须说Merry Christmas。
2.the same as,the same?as 是固定搭配。
关于第2 点,比较好解释,因为(The)Same to you.是口语惯用语,回答祝愿,其意为“也祝你”。而第1 点搞错的人就很多了,不少人都想当然地认为不能像Happy New Year,Happy birthday 那样用Happy Christmas,其实这是一种典型的想当然错误,请看有关权威词书的实例:
1.大家熟悉的《朗文当代英语词典》(1987 年版)就多处出现Happy Christmas 的用例:
1)Happy Christmas (p.476,happy 词条)
2)“Happy Christmas”“Same to you”(p.925 same 词条)
2.又如章振邦教授主编的两本英语语法著作:
1)Happy Christmas《新编英语语法教程》(p.459)
2)A Happy Christmas to all《新编英语语法》
(上册p. 183)
3.再如《英语学习》杂志,1992 年第7 期p.17 的一段对话中,多次将Happy Christmas 与Merry Christmas 交替使用。
4.如果你是一个层次稍高的英语学习者,你可能会读过杨岂深教授主编的《英国文学选读》(Book 3),如果你细心的话,你会发现该书ANGLO-SAXON ATTITUDES 一文里,也在多次交替使用Happy Christmas和Merry Christmas。
203.cooker 是“厨师”吗
例 Her elder brother is a ____ and her younger brother is a ____ .
A.lawyer,cook B.lawer,cooker
C.lawer,cook D.lawyer,cooker
此题应选A。容易误选B,D。
1.根据一般的构词法知识,后缀-er 是构成名词的,表示“的人”:
worker 工人 reader 读者 writer 作家 banker 银行家 villager 村民 southemer 南方人
所以有的考生便由此推出:
law(法律) +er(的人)→律师
但推理错了,“律师”应是lawyer。类似的例子有:
saw(锯) +y +er(的人)→sawyer(锯工,锯木工)
bow(弓) +y +er(的人)→bowyer(制弓的人,弓手)
2.大家知道,cook 用作动词,意为“煮饭”、“烹调”,所以有的考生便想当然地认为:
cook(煮饭) +er(的人)→厨师
这里又错了,其实“厨师”也是cook,而cooker 的意思是“饮具”、“煮器”等。类似地请注意下面一例:
他友好地同我们交谈。
误:He talked with us friendly.
正:He talked with us in a friendly way.
析:friendly 虽然以-ly 结尾,但它却是形容词而不是副词。
205.send 能表示亲自“送”吗
例 You must ____ it there yourself.You can't ask someone else
to do it for you.
A.send B.take C.get D.fetch
此题应选B。容易误选A。因send 在汉语中意为“送”,而此意刚好与本题相符,所以有的考生毫不犹豫地选了A。其实,send 表示的“送”,与汉语中的“送”并不完全同义,因为汉语中的“送”既可以表示自己亲自送,也可以指请人或通过某种手段间接地送;而英语中的send 通常只表示间接地送,而不能指自己亲自送。
你每天送他儿子上学。
误:He sends his son to school every day.
正:He takes his son to school every day.
今天下午我将亲自把书送到你家里。
误:I'll send the book to your house myself this afternoon.
正:I'll bring the book to your house myself this afternoon.
Will you send my breakfast up,please?
误:请你把我的早饭送上来。
正:请你叫人把我的早饭送上来好吗?
Who sent you to me?
误:是谁送你到我这来的?
正:是谁派你来找我的?
I'm too busy,and I'll send it.
误:我太忙了,我要把它送去。
正:我太忙了,我要把它寄去(或派人送去)。
206.anything 可指人吗
例 —Is he a boy with good manners?
—No,he is ____ but polite.
A.anything B.anyone C.anywhere D.anybody
此题应选A。容易误选B,D。有的考生认为,既然句子主语是he,所以这里只能选B,D 表示“人”。其实此题应选A。因为anything but 是一个习语,意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”,可用于人或事物。如:
Her father was anything but a poet.
她父亲根本不是诗人(即你说他是什么都行,就是不能说他是诗人)。
My income is anything but large.我的收入绝对不算多。
His visit to Paris was anything but a success.他的巴黎之行根本不成功。
I know him well.He will do anything but that.
我了解他,他决不会干那种事。
Such a man was anything but a hero.那样的人绝不算英雄。
类似地,nothing but(意为:只有,只不过)也有类似用法:
There was nothing but an old table in the room.房间里只有一张旧桌子。
Don't have him for a friend.He is nothing but a cheat.
不要和他交朋友,他是个骗子。
The man you talked to just now was nothing but a thief.
刚才同你讲话的那个人是个贼。
207.这个that 是什么词性
例 —Would you say something more about if?
—I'm afraid I can't I only know ____ much.
A.such B.too C.very D.that
此题应选D。其它三项都有可能被误选。
1.有的考生认为应该选A,因为such 意为“那么”,所以such much就指“那么多”——此分析错误,因为such 是形容词而不是副词,所以它可修饰名词,而不能修饰副词。如:
正:such clever boys/such a nice box
误:such clever/such nice
2.有的考生认为可以选B,C,因为他们认为像too much,very much这样的搭配读起来很上口。当然单独就too much 和very mucn 这两个表达来说,并没有错:
I like it very much.我很喜欢它。
Don't talk too much.不要讲得太多。
但是在本题这样的语境中,用这两者显然都不合适。
3.选项D 正确,因为that 在这里用作副词,意为“那么”,类似地this 也可用作副词,意为“这么”,它们这样用时,可以修饰形容词或副词:
This problem isn't that simple.这个问题不那么简单。
I have never been this sick before.我以前从未病得这样严重。
I've never come this far before.我以前从未来过这么远。
—He must be six foot tall.他准有6 英尺高。
—Is he that tall?他有那么高吗?
207.这个that 是什么词性
例 —Would you say something more about if?
—I'm afraid I can't I only know ____ much.
A.such B.too C.very D.that
此题应选D。其它三项都有可能被误选。
1.有的考生认为应该选A,因为such 意为“那么”,所以such much就指“那么多”——此分析错误,因为such 是形容词而不是副词,所以它可修饰名词,而不能修饰副词。如:
正:such clever boys/such a nice box
误:such clever/such nice
2.有的考生认为可以选B,C,因为他们认为像too much,very much这样的搭配读起来很上口。当然单独就too much 和very mucn 这两个表达来说,并没有错:
I like it very much.我很喜欢它。
Don't talk too much.不要讲得太多。
但是在本题这样的语境中,用这两者显然都不合适。
3.选项D 正确,因为that 在这里用作副词,意为“那么”,类似地this 也可用作副词,意为“这么”,它们这样用时,可以修饰形容词或副词:
This problem isn't that simple.这个问题不那么简单。
I have never been this sick before.我以前从未病得这样严重。
I've never come this far before.我以前从未来过这么远。
—He must be six foot tall.他准有6 英尺高。
—Is he that tall?他有那么高吗?
208.how 与what 搭配习惯不一样
例 a. ____ do you like the film?
b. ____ do you think of the film?
A.How,How B.What,What
C.How,Whwt D.What,How
此题应选C。容易误选A,B。在询问看法时,以下两类句型均可,但表达方式和搭配不同(不能混用):
你认为你们的英语老师怎么样?
正:How do you like your English teacher?
正:What do you think of your English teacher?
类似地,以下各例也要根据搭配不同而分别选用What 和how:
1.在询问天气时:
今天天气怎么样?
正:How is the weather today?
正:What's the weather like today?
2.表达“如何说”这一概念时,用how/what:
这个用英语怎么说?
正:How do you say it in English?
正:What do you call it in English?
3.询问“长短”、“宽窄”、“高低”、“多少”等场合时
(how多用于口语或非正式文体,What 多用于正式文体):
这河有多宽?
正:How wide is the river?
正:What's the width of the river?
209.very 修饰的习惯错误
例 He was ____ tired and soon he was ____ asleep.
A.very,very B.fast,fast
C.fast,very D.very,fast
此题应选D。容易误选A。在通常情况下,副词very 可用来修饰其它形容词或副词,以加强语气,但是有些形容词习惯上不用very 而是用其它词语来修饰:
1.某些以a-开头的表语形容词通常不用very 修饰:
他睡得很熟。
正:He was fast[sound]asleep.
误:He was very asleep.
他完全是醒的。
正:He is wide awake.
误:He is very awake.
他独自一人。
正:He is all alone.
误:He is very alone.
2.修饰worth(值得)通常不用very:
这本书很值得读。
正:The book is well worth reading.
误:The book is very worth reading.
3.修饰动词习惯上不用very,根据情况可用very much,much,quite等来表示类似意思:
我很喜欢英语。
正:I like English very much.
误:I very like English.
210.你知道thank/appreciate 的搭配习惯吗
例 a.He ____ her for her help and then left.
b.He ____ her help and then left.
A.thanked,thanked B.appreciated,appreciated
C.thanked,appreciated D.appreciated,thanked
此题应选C。容易误选A。该题主要涉及表示“感激”的thank 和appreciate 的用法:
1.thank 表示“感谢”,习惯上只接“人”作宾语,而不能接“事”作宾语:
谢谢你的帮助。
正:Thank you for your help.
误:Thank your help.
误:Thank your kindness.
2.appreciate 表示“感谢”,则习惯上只能接“事”作宾语,而不能接“人”作宾语(与thank 的用法恰恰相反):
谢谢你的好意。
正:I appreciate your kindness.
误:I appreciate you for your kindness.
顺便补充一点appreciate 值得注意的用法习惯:可接动名词作宾语(但习惯上不接不定式):
能再次收到你的来信,我们将十分感激。
正:We shall appreciate hearing from you again.
误:We shall appreciate to hear from you again.