大学生发明创造专项款:初中英语疑难例析300例 (131---145)

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131.此题应填unless 还是until

   I didn't manage to do it ____ you had explained how

Aunless    Buntil   Cwhen   Dsince

此题应选B。这道题从句意来看似乎选AB 都行。不少考生看不出选项A 错在什么地方,这里我们可以从句意和时态两方面来分析:

A,句意为:你若没给我解释,我就不会做好它。——按此选择,主句谓语应用 would have managed 之类的,也就是说这是一个虚拟语气的句子。

B,句意为:直到你给我作了解释,我才会做。——按此选择,你先给我解释,我后才会做,所以解释用过去完成时,会做用一般过去,顺理成章。

请做以下试题:

1I didn't know anything about it ____ he told me

Aunless    Buntil   Cwhen   Dsince

2 ____ he spoke I hadn't realized he was a foreigner

AUnless    BUntil   CWhen   DSince

3I didn't realize he was our teacher ____ he came in front of me

Aunless   Buntil     Cwhen   Dsince

4 ____ he told meI had no idea of it

Aunless    Buntil     Cwhen   Dsince

答案:1B 2B 3B 4B

132.带有until 状语从句的主句谓语有何特点

      We ____ until he came

  Astopped    Barrived    Cleft   Dwaited

此题应选D。选项ABC 都有可能被误选。要弄清此题需弄清以下几点:

1until 意为一直到,其相应主句的谓语只能是持续性的,而不能是终止性的。它表示的是:主句动作一直持续到从句动作发生时为止。以上一题的ABC 选项是错的,主要是因为其含义荒唐:

若选A,句意为:我们一直在停止,直到他来就不停止了。

若选B,句意为:我们一直在到达,直到他来就不到达了。

若选C,句意为:我们一直在离开,直到他来就不离开了。

以上各句的意思显然不通。选D 是对的,因为其意为:我们一直在等,直到他来就不等了(即我们一直等到他来)。

2.上面说到,与until 从句连用的主句谓语不能是终止性动词,但是若这个谓语是否定的,则可以是终止性动词,因为终止性动词一旦被否定,即成为状态,而状态都是可以持续的(注:not ?until 意为:直到?才):

误:We stopped until he came

正:We didn't stop until he came.直到他来我们才停止。

误:We started until the rain stopped

正:We didn't start until the rain stopped

直到雨停我们才开始。

误:He finished it until it was dark

正:He didn't finish it until it was dark

直到天黑他才完成。

133.如何区分aswhenwhile

    I kept silent ____ he was speaking

Aas      Bwhen    Cwhile   Dthat

此题应选C。关于aswhenwhile 表示?的时候的区别,

可作如下归纳:

1.若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作,而从句表示的是一个持续性动作,

则三者均可用:

He fell asleep when[whileas]he was reading.他看书时睡着了。

2.若主从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作,且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间,一般只用while

While he played the pianoI cooked the dinner

他弹钢琴时,我做了饭。

3.若主从句动作同时发生,且强调一边一边这样的意思,一般要用asShe sang as she went along.她边走边唱。

4.若从句是一个短暂性动作,而主句是一个持续性动作,可用aswhen,但不能用while

When[As]he cameI was listening to the radio

他来时,我在听收音机。

5.若主从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作,

一般用as(也可用when):

I thought of it just as[when]you opened your mouth

就在你要说话的时候,我也想到了。

6.表示每当?的时候(强调规律性),或主从句动作不是同时发生,而是有先后顺序,一般都用when

It's cold when it snows.下雪时天冷。

 134.关于hardly...when no sooner...than

  He had hardly arrived at the station ____ the train be gan  to leave

Awhen     Bthat     Cthan     Dwhere

此题要选A。容易误选C。以下两类句型意思和用法大致相同,但搭配不同:

ahardly...when

bno sooner...than

以上句型需注意以下几点:

1)两个句型均指?,句型a 中的hardly 也可换成scarcelybarely;其中的when 也可换成before。但是,千万不要将句型a 中的when 与句型b 中的than 弄混。

2)以上两类句型的主句通常是过去完成时,而从句通常应是一般过去时。

3)若将 hardlyno sooner 置于句首,其后要倒装句式。

1I had hardly closed my eyes __the telephone rang

Awhen    Bthat   Cthan   Dwhere

2Hardly had we arrived ____ it started to rain

Awhen    Bthat   Cthan   Dwhere

3He had no sooner heard the knock ____ he opened the door

Awhen    Bthat   Cthan   Dwhere

4No sooner had he done it ____ he knew he had made a mistake

Awhen    Bthat    Cthan   Dwhere

答案:1A 2A 3C 4C

 135the minute 等可用作连词吗

      We'll begin our meeting the ____ Mr Smith arrives

Ahour     Bminute    Csecond    Dtime

此题应选B。容易误选D。此句中的the minute 相当于连词as soon as(一………..)。

类似的有:the momentthe instant 等:

I'll tell you all about it the moment he returns

他一回来,我就把一切统统告诉你。

The instant he opened the door a dog ran in

他一开门,一条狗就跑了进来。

The minute I saw herI recognized her

我一看到她就认出了她。

以下词语也可用作连词,引导状语从句:any time(任何时候),every time(每次),each time(每逢?的时候),next time(下次),last time(上次), the first time(第一次),the day?的那一天), the year?的那一年)等:

Any time he likes to comeI will see him

无论他何时想来,我都愿意见他。

She smiles every time she sees me

她每次见到我都笑。

He fell in love with her the first time he saw her

他第一次见到她就爱上了她。

The day her husband died she gave birth to a son

就在她丈夫死的那天,她生下了一个儿子。

He lett Europe the year World War ll broke oUt

第二次世界大战爆发的那一年,他离开了欧洲。

136.这个where 引导的是什么从句

When you read the bookyou'd better make a mark ____ you have  any questions

Awhich    Bat which   Cwhere   Dthat

此题应选C。容易误选ABD,误认为这是定语从句。假若这是定语从句,Awhich)和Dthat)应是关系代词,但它们却不能充当定语从句中的主语或宾语,故不成立。至于Bat which),也不合语法,因为其中的介词at 无法与从句中的任何一个词发生联系。

此题选C,这里的where 是引导地点状语从句的连词,意为?的地方,全题意为:你读这本书时,最好在有问题的地方作一个记号。

类似例子:

There were lots of parks where I lived.我住的地方有许多公园。

You should let your children play where you can see them

你应该让你的孩子在你能看到的地方玩。

After the wara new school building was put up where there had been a theatre

战后人们在曾经是剧院的地方建了一幢新教学楼。

You can find your umbrella where you left it

你可以在你放伞的地方找到你的伞。

在以下结构中,where 暗示一种条件(=if):

Where there is a willthere is a way.有志者事竟成。

Where you find high wagesyou'll generally find high prices

工资高的地方通常物价就高。

137unless if not

     You'll miss the train ____ you hurry up

Aunless    Bas    Cif not    Duntil

此题应选A。容易误选C。其实C 只是词序不对,若改为ifyou don't hurry up 也是对的。在许多情况下,连词until if not 同义,且可换用(表示一种否定的条件)。

要是不下雨,我们就去。

正:We shall go unless it rains

正:We shall go if it doesn't rain

我不打电话给你,你就不要来。

正:Don't come unless I phone you

正:Don't come if I don't phone you

从以上两例可以看出,unless 有时可以与if not 换用,但if not中的not 必须位于从句谓语中,而不能直接与if 连用在一起。但是注意,即使如此,两者也并不是永远可以换用的:

一般说来,两者互换的场合只限于:当我们要去结束一个已经存在的想法或状态时(而不是去开始一种新的想法或状态)。

试体会:

I'll stay at home unless I am invited =if I am not invitedto the party

要是不邀请我去参加晚会,我就呆在家里。(即邀请我参加晚会会结束我将呆在家里这一现在的打算)若要表示所述条件会导致一种新的想法或情况,通常要用if not,而不用unless

试体会:

I'll be angry if I'm not invited to the party

如果不邀请我参加晚会,我会生气的。

138becausesinceasfor 区别详解

     aThe groung is wet ____ it rained last night

bIt rained last night ____ the ground is wet

Aforfor        Bbecausebecause

Cforbecause   Dbecausefor

此题可以选D,也可以选A。关于表示原因的because for 的区别(以及与sinceas 的区别),常使考生感到头痛。现简述如下:

1because 表示的是必然的因果关系,语气最强,通常放在主句之后,若需强调则放在主句之前;sinceas 所表示的原因是人们已知的,是对已知事实提供理由,而不表示直接原因。它们引导的从句通常放在主句前,有时也放在主句后:

As he wasn't ready in timewe went without him

因他未及时准备好,我们没等他就先走了。

Since we've no moneyit's no good thinking about a holi- day

既然我们没有钱,考虑度假有什么用。

2.至于for,它是并列连词(其余三者为从属连词),它的用法有两点要注意:

1)有时可表示因果关系,此时可与because 换用,两者不同的是for只能放主句后,而because 可放在主句前或后:

He couldn't have seen mefor [because]I was not there

他不可能看到了我,因为我当时不在那儿。

2)有时不表示因果关系,而只是对前面分句内容的解释或推断(也要放在主句之后,但不能与because 换用):

It is momingfor the birds are singing.已是早晨了,你听鸟儿在唱歌了。

 139.你会使用引导让步状语的however

    If we work with a strong willwe can overcome any difficulty____ great it is

Awhat     Bhow   Chowever   Dwhatever

此题应选C。由于此题空格后是一个形容词(great),所以排除Awhat)和Dwhatever)。至于为什么选however 而不选how,这要从however 的用法说起。

however 引导让步状语从句,表示无论如何不管怎样(=no matter how),与形容词或副词连用时,词序为:however +形容词或副词 +主语 +谓语

I will come however busy I am.我不管多忙都会来的。

However late he iswe will wait for him to have dinner together

无论他回来得多迟,我们都会等他一起吃饭。

We always go swimming in the river however cold it is

无论天气多冷,我们都去河里游泳。

However rich people arethey always want more

人们不管多么有钱,他们总是想有更多的钱。

However fast you driveI always feel safe with you

无论你把车开得多快,和你在一起我永远感到安全。

有时其后可以不出现形容词或副词:

However you travelit'll take you at least two days

无论你怎么走法,至少都得两天时间。

However you comebe sure to come early

不管你怎么来,一定要早来。

140.名词性从句可用疑问句词序吗

      No one knows ____ in a million years

Awhat man will look like

Bwhat will man look like

Cman will look like what

Dwhat look will man like

此题应选A。容易误选B。这里考察的主要是:名词性从句(宾语从句)的词序问题。名词性从句包括宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等四类。不管是哪一类名词性从句,其词序一律用陈述句词序,而不能用疑问句词序。

1They want to know ____ do to help us

Awhat can they   Bwhat they can

Chow they can   Dhow they can

2They have no idea at all ____

Awhere he has gone       Bwhere has he gone

Cwhich place he has gone   Dwhere did he go

3The photographs will show you ____

Awhat does our village look like

Bwhat our village looks like

Chow does our village look like

Dhow our village looks like

答案:1B 2A 3B

 

141.引导名词从句的whether that

   ____ we'll go camping tomorrow depenps on the weather

AIf    BWhether   CThat   DWhen

此题应选B。容易误选AC

1.关于if whether:两者都可引导宾语从句,常可换用;但若引导主语从句,则用whether(不用if),排除A。又如:

他是否会来还是个问题。

误:If he will come is a question

正:Whether he will come is a question

2.关于whether that:两者都可引导主语从句,其区别主要应从句意来考虑:whether 表示是否,由它引导的主语从句的意思通常是不确定的;that 引导主语从句时,本身没有词义(that 在其它名词性从句中也没有词义),但是由that 引导的整个主语从句的意思通常是确定的。试比较:

1aThat we'll hold a meeting is decided

我们要召开一次会议,这已决定了。

bWhether we'll hold a meeting is not decided

我们是否要开一个会,这还没有决定。

2aThat he has left here is clear.他已离开了这儿,这点很清楚。

bWhether he has left here is not clear

他是否已离开这儿,这还不清楚。

3aThat he can finish it in two hours is clear

bwhether he can finish it in two hours is a question

 142.引导名词性从句的what

     ____ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present

AWhat    BThat    CIf      DWhether

此题应选A。选项Cif)显然不能选,因为if 通常不能引导主语从句;选项Bthat)和Dwhether)虽然都可以引导主语从句,但两者除了意思不合题意外,还有它们在主语从句中都不充当句子成分,而此句中的he said 缺宾语。在名词性从句中,what 根据情况不同,可能有两方面的用法和意思:

1.用作连接代词,表示什么(由疑问词变来):

I don't know what he gave her.我不知道他给了她什么。

What he will say at the meeting is not known to us

他在会上将说些什么,我们还不知道。

2.表示?的(东西),在结构上相当于一个名词加一个定语从句

(所以有人称这样用的what 为关系代词型的what):

把你买的东西拿给我看。

Show me what you bought

→Show me the thing that you bought

这是他想要的东西。

This is what he wants

→This is the thing that he wants

我们需要的是钱。

What we need is money

→The thing that we need is money

 

143.如何区分引导名词性从句的whatthat

    —I think ____ he needs is more practice

—Yes ____ he needs more practice is clear

AwhatWhat       BthatThat

CwhatThat        Dthat What

此题应选C。其余三项均可能被误选。What that 都可以引导名词性从句,但有区别:

1what 引导名词从句时,它在从句中要充当句子成分(主语、宾语等),而that 引导名词从句时,它在从句中不能充当句子成分。

2what 引导名词从句时,它有词义(表示:什么;所?[东西]);而that 引导名词从句时,它没有词义。

请做以下试题,注意区别what that

1 ____ you said is different from the thing ____ he told us

AWhatwhat       BThatthat

CWhatthat        DThatwhat

2—I think he said is true

—But don't forget the fact ____ he is a cheat

Awhatwhat       Bthatthat

Cwhatthat        Dthatwhat

3 ____ surprised us most is ____ he spoke English so well

AWhatwhat       BThatthat

CWhatthat        DThatwhat

答案:1C 2C 3C

144whatever no matter what

       It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____

he or she wants

Awhatever        Bno matter what

Cwhenever       Dno matter when

此题应选A。容易误选B。选项CD 显然是错的,因为句中的wants缺宾语,而CD 两项不能作宾语。至于CD 的区别,可这样描述:no matter what 只能引导状语从句,而不引导名词性从句。而whatever 既可引导名词性从句(=anything that),也可引导状语从句(=no matter what):

1.引导名词性从句(只用whatever):

无论他做什么都是对的。

正:Whatever he did was right

误:No matter what he did was right

山羊找到什么就吃什么。

正:Goats eat whatever they find

误:Goats eat no matter what they find

2.引导状语从句(两者可换用):

无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。

正:Whatever you sayI won't believe you

正:No matter what you sayI won't believe you

无论发生什么,都要保持镇定。

正:Keep calmwhatever happens

正:Keep calmno matter what happens

145whoever no matter who

      I will give the ticket to ____ wants it

Awhoever      Bno matter who

Cwhatever      Dno matter what

此题应选A。容易误选B。选项CD 都是错的,因为从句意上看,想要票的应该是whoever)而不能是东西whatever)。至于为什么选whoever 而不选no matter who,这要从它们在句中引导的成分说起:

no matter who 通常只能引导状语从句,而不能引导名词性从句。而whoever 既可引导名词性从句(=anyone that)也可引导状语从句(=no matter who):

1.引导名词性从句(只用whoever):

谁想去我就带谁去。

正:I'll take whoever wants to go

误:I'll take no matter who wants to go

不管这话是谁对你说的,他都是在撒谎。

正:Whoever told you that was lying

误:No matter who told you that was lying

2.引导状语从句(两者可换用):

不管是谁打电话来,都说我出去了。

正:Whoever phonestell them I'm out

正:No matter who phonestell them I'm out

不管是谁这样说,那都是错的。

正:Whoever says sois is wrong

正:No matter who says soit is wrong