五小成果 建议类 范本:初中英语疑难例析300例 (34---50)

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34.这个to 是介词还是不定式符号

   We are looking forward to ____ from Mary

Ahear    Bhearing   Cheard   Dhave heard

此题应选B。容易误选A,认为其前的to 是不定式符号。to 有时是不定式符号,有时是介词。用作介词时,注意以下常见搭配:

look forward to 盼望 devote to 致力于,献身于

pay attention to 注意 stick to 坚持

be used to 习惯于(但used to 表示过去经常,to 为不定式符号;be used to 表示被用来时,to 也是不定式符号)

on the way to 即将成为(但表示在做某事的路上to 是不定式符号)

练习题:

1He was devoted to____ the poor

Ahelp  Bhelping  Chelped  Dbeing helped

2The weather was Coldbut soon he got used to____ there

Alive   Bliving   Clived    Dhaving lived

3 You should pay more attention to____ with those who differ with you

Aunite and work    B uniting and working

Cunite and working  Duniting and work

4She was on her way to____ her Daughter

Asee   Bseeing   Csaw   Dhave seen

5He was on the way to ____ an engineer

Abecome   Bbecoming   Cbecame  Dbe

答案:1B 2B 3B 4A 5B

 

35except 后能接哪些词

   ADoes he often come to see you

   BNohe never comes____ he is in trouble

Aexcept         Bexcept that

Cexcept when   Dexcept for

此题很容易误选B,因为后面是一个从句,所以很容易联想到except that,其实此题应选CBC 两者之后均接从句,其区别主要从句意上看:except when 中的when ?之意,而except that 则无此义。比较:

I know nothing about him except that he lives in Paris

我除知道他住在巴黎外,其它情况一无所知。

I like her except when she's angry

除了她发怒的时候,我还是挺喜欢她的。

except 作为介词,后接名词或代词(这是基本用法),除了以上提到的后接that 从句和when 从句外,以下用法也需注意:

1)副词:She has never come late except recently

除了最近一段时间,她从未迟到。

2)介词短语:The window is never opened except in summer.除了在夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。

3)不定式(注意是否带to):

It had no effect except to make him angry

除了惹他生气外,没产生任何效果。

There was little we could do except wait

除了等待我们没有什么办法。

4what 从句:I know nothing about it except what he told me

除他告诉我的情况外,我对此事一无所知。

5where 从句:My papers seem to be everywhere except where they ought to be

我的文件似乎完全不在它们应该放置的地方。

36exceptbut besides 区别详解

ADid you study any other foreign language ____English when  you were at college

BYesI studied threeBut I have forgotten all____a few words of each

Abesiesbesides    Bbutexcept

Cexceptexcept     Dbesidesexcept

此题应选D,主要考察exceptbutbesides 的用法区别:

1.先说exceptbut)与besides 的区别:前者表示除了?之外(不再有?,表示的是一种排除的关系;后者表示除了?之外(还有?,表示的是一种累加关系:

Besides his wifehis daughter also went to see him

I go to school every day except [but] Sunday

但是以上区别通常只限于肯定句中,在否定句或疑问句中besides也可以表示?外,不再有?(=except):

No one passed the exam besides [exceptbut] Jim.除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。

2.再说except but 的区别:一般说来,前者用法较广,后者用法较窄。事实上,在现代英语中,but 的用法十分有限,通常只能用在no(及其复合词),any(及其复合词),every(及其复合词),allnonewhowhatwhere 等之后。一般说来,若没有出现上述词汇,就不宜用but。如通常不说:The window is never opened but in summer(可用except)。

3exceptbut 一般不用于句首,但besides 可用于句首。

4.关于but for except for:前者表示若不是,通常与虚拟语气连用;后者表示除外,指不同类比较。

37.你会使用形式主语吗

  Is____ necessary to complete the design before

National Day

Athis   Bthat   Cit   Dhe

此题应选C,其余各项均有一定的干扰性。这里主要考察形式主语it 的用法。一般说来,当主语是比较复杂的成分(如不定式、动名词、从句等)时,通常在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在后面:

Is it necessary to tell his father everything

有必要把这一切都告诉他父亲吗?

It is wrong to say anything like that on that occasion

在那种场合说那样的话是错误的。

It's no good sitting up too late.熬夜没有好处。

It'll be wonderful lying on the beach all day

整天躺在海滩上该是多么妙啊!

It is quite clear that he has read the book

很显然,他读过这本书。

It's a problem where we could get so much money

我们到哪里去弄这么多钱,这是一个难题。

有时可在用作主语的不定式前加上介词forof 短语:

It is very kind of you to say that.你这样说,真是太好了。

It is important for us to keep the balance of nature

我们要保持生态平衡,这点很重要。

 38.你会使用形式宾语吗

  I don't think ____ possible to master a foreign language without  much memory work

Athis    Bthat    Cits   Dit

此题的选项AB 都容易误选。其实此题应选D,主要考察形式宾语it 的使用。一般说来,形式宾语it 主要用于以下句型:动词+ it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语

其中的动词通常是thinkfindfeelbelievetakeconsidermake 等;其中的宾语补足语通常是形容词,有时是名词;而其中真正的宾语通常是比较复杂的成分(如不定式、动名词、从句等):

We found it difficult to persuade her.我们发现很难说服她。

He makes it a rule to get up before dawn.他习惯于天亮前起床。

We found it an easy thing to get along with him

我们发现与他相处很容易。

I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night

我认为他几乎每晚都出去散步是很奇怪的。

有时可在用作宾语的不定式前加上介词forof 短语:

Poeple felt it impossible for man to fly into the outer space some years ago

几年前,人们觉得人不可能飞入太空。

I don't think it wise for [of] him to choose such a difficult subject

我认为他选择这样难的学科是不明智的。

 

39.介绍一种特殊用法的形式宾语

   May I take____ that you have agreed to stay with us

Athis   Bthat   C   it Dall

此题选C,这是一种比较特殊的形式宾语。一般说来,形式宾语it主要用于以下句型:动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语。也就是说在通常情况下,要用形式宾语,原句型应有宾语补足语。以上句型特殊之处就在于:在形式宾语和真正的宾语(名词性从句)之间没有宾语补足语。类似情况有:

I take itthatyou agree.我以为你同意了。

Lenin has it that imperialism is the last stage of capitalism

列宁认为帝国主义是资本主义的最后阶段。

Report has it that about 30 people were killed in the accident

据报道,在这次事故中大约有30 人丧命。

I'll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve

我将注意让所有的信件在12 点以前送到邮局。

You may depend on it that he will turn up in time

你可以相信他会及时赶到的。

I can't answer for it that the boy is honest.(=I can't answer for his honesty.)

我不能保证这个男孩是诚实的。

I can swear to it that this man stole our money

我可以发誓,这个人偷了我们的钱。

 40it 用法特例

     I hate ____ when people ask me for money

Ait   Bthat   Cthese   Dthem

此题应选A,这是it 一种比较特殊的用法,虽然一般书上论述不多,但它却经常出现在各级各类考试中,比如有这样一道题:

I hate ____when people talk with their mouths full

Ait    Bthat   Cthese   Dthem

此题答案为A

适合于以上用法的动词不多,常见的主要有hatelike,当它们后面接有when if 从句时,从句前应有it

I don' t like it when she tells me how to do things

我不喜欢她对我做事指手划脚。

She won't like it if you arrive late.她不喜欢你迟到。

He hates it when people use her bike

他讨厌别人用她的自行车。

I hate it if you say such things in public

我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。

有时动词appreciate 后接if 从句,从句前也要用it

I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it

如果你能帮助我做这事,我会十分感激。

I should much appreciate it if you would arrange this for us

如果你能替我安排这事我将非常感激。

 41it 何时可以指人

   aJim is at the door____wants to see you

bSomeone is at the door____must be Jim

AThatIt   BItHe   CHeIt   Dwho He

此题应选C。第a 句填代词he,是因为前面一句用了Jim 这一身份和性别都很明确的名词;第b 句填代词it,是因为前面一句用了someone这一指代不明确的代词。一般说来,在指代身份或性别明确的人时,通常要根据情况用代词heshe;若是指代身份或性别不明的人,则用代词it

I don't know who it is.我不知道那是谁。

A tall man stood up and shook hands with herIt was the general manager

一个高个子站起来同她握了手,他是总经理。

Someone must have been hereBut we have no idea who it was

一定有人来过,但我们不知道是谁。

There was somebody standing in front of the shop but I couldn't see who it was

商店前站着一个人,但我没看清是谁。

AWho has let out the secret?是谁泄漏了秘密?

BIt must be a big mouth.一定是个快嘴。

AI hear a knock at the door.我听见有人在敲门。

BIt must be the postman.一定是邮递员来了。

ADo you know who that is?你知道那个人是谁吗?

BI suppose it is Mary's father.我想那是玛丽的父亲。

42it 在某些固定句式中的使用

    Does ____ matter if he can't finish the job on time

Athis   Bthat   Che  Dit

此题选D。注意在以下句式中通常都用it 作主语:

It looks as if he is very rich.他看起来好像很富有。

It seems that he is interested in music.他似乎对音乐有兴趣。

It appears as if they have lost interest.看来他们已失去了兴趣。

It happened that he was there with us

碰巧他当时和我们在一起。

It matters little if I miss my bus

即使我没搭上公共汽车也没什么大不了的。

顺便说一下It doesn't matter.的有关用法:

1It doesn't matter.单独使用(即其后不接词)时,也可说成That doesn't matter.其意为没关系(主要用来回答道歉和表示某事不是很重要):

AWould you go there with me?你愿和我一起去吗?

BI'd like tobut I have to post these letters

我很愿意去,但我要去寄这些信。

AThat [It] doesn't matter.没关系。

2It doesn't matter

若不是单独使用,而是在其后跟有从句,则句首的it 便不能改为that

It doesn't matter to me whether she is pleased or not

她是否满意对我而言并不重要。

43it 在强调句中的使用

  ____these boys that played tricks on their teachers

AThey were       BIt were

CThere were      DIt was

此题应选D。这是一个强调句型,其基本结构为:

It is+被强调部分+ that [who]+其它

该句型应注意以下几点:

1.不管被强调部分是单数还是复数,其前一律用It isIt was,而不能用They areThere were 之类的。

2.被强调部分是指人时,被强调部分后可用thatwho,被强调部分指物时,被强调部分后只能用that

3.被强调部分是指时间或地点时,被强调部分后通常用that,一般不用whenwhere 之类的。

It is I who am right.是我对。

It was you that were wrong.是你错了。

It was in Japan that he died.他是死于日本。

It was yesterday that he got married.他是昨天结婚的。

It was a computer that he bought last week

他上个星期买的是一台电脑。

Where was it that she lived?她是住在什么地方?

When was it that he left for Japan

他是什么时候离开去日本的?

Who is it that teaches you English?是谁教你们英语?

44.这里为什么要分别用一般现在时和一般将来时

   —When ____again

—I don't knowBut when he____I'll let you know

Ahe comescomes      Bwill he comewill come

Che comeswill come     Dwill he comecomes

此题应选D。第一句为特殊疑问句(when=何时),根据句意,应用一般将来时态。第二句为一个含有条件状语从句的主从复合句(when=?的时候)。按语法规则:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态。请做以下选择题:

1The football match will be put off if it____

Awill rain    Brains

Crained      Dis raining

要特别注意分清:由when if 引导的从句是状语从句还是宾语从句:

21 I won't go if it ____tomorrow.(状语从句)

2I don't know if it ____tomorrow.(宾语从句)

Arains        Bwill rain

Cis raining     Dhas rained

答案:1B 21A 2B

 45.这个宾语从句的时态需要与主句时态呼应吗

  aHe told us that the earth____ round the sun

bAt one time some scientists thought that the sun____ round  the earth

Atumstums       Btumedtumed

Ctumedtums      Dtumstumed

此题应选D。容易误选AB

有的考生根据时态呼应规则认为:本题主句是过去时态,所以宾语从句也用过去时态(选B);有的考生认为,宾语从句是客观真理,所以都用一般现在时态(选A)。

以上看法既对,又不全对。就一般情况而论:主句是一般过去时态时,其宾语从句应用过去的某种时态与之呼应。但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理,则不管主句是什么时态,宾语从句一律用一般现在时。但值得注意的是:本题b 句的宾语从句并不是客观真理(所以不能用一般现在时)。

下列情况即使主句是过去时,宾语从句也用现在时:

1.表示客观真理:

He told the little boy that the sun rises in the east

他告诉这个小男孩太阳从东方升起。

2.表示科学事实:

The teacher said that hydrogen is the lightest element

老师说氢是最轻的元素。

3.某些格言:

He knew that pride goes before a fall.他知道骄兵必败。

 

46.将来时间表示方法知多少

     These scientists________ for Japan tonight

Aare to leave        Bhave left

Cwill be left         Dleft

此题应选 A。英语中除了用“willshall+动词原形来表示将来外,还有多种表示将来的方式:

1 be going to+动词原形。主要表示打算和预见:

He's going to be a doctor when he grows up

他长大后想当医生。

Look at the black clouds——there is going to be a storm

你看这些乌云——会有一场暴风雨。

2be+现在分词(即现在进行时)。主要表示按计划或安排要生的事(多用于表示位移的动词):

We are leaving on Sunday 我们星期日出发。

The plane is taking off at 530.飞机530 起飞。

3be+不定式。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作;有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性:

Where are we to stay tonight?今晚我住什么地方?

Tell him he's not to be back late.告诉他不准迟回。

注:be about+不定式,也表示将来(指即将要发生的事),但通常不与具体时间连用:

He is about to leave.他即将要离开。

4.一般现在时。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事:

The train leaves at 725 this evening

火车今晚725 分开。

Tomorrow is Wednesday.明天是星期三。

47will do be going to do 有何差别

    —I've come out without any money

—Never mind I____you some

Aam going to lend        Bwill lend

Chave lent               Dam to lend

此题应选B。容易误选A。这里主要谈一谈有关“will+动词原形“be going to+动词原形的区别:在通常情况下两者都可表示将来时间和意图,且有时可换用:

我不会告诉你这事的。

正:I won't tell you about it

正:I'm not going to tell you about it

但是此时要注意:若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的,则通常要用be going to ;若是表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的当时才临时想到的,则通常用will,且以上两种情况通常不能换用。比较并体会:

1—Come to the party.来参加晚会吧。

—OKI'll bring my boyfriend

好的,我把我的男朋友也带来。(临时想法)

2—Where is the telephone book?电话薄在哪?

—I'll get it for you.我去给你拿。(临时想法)

3—Why are you taking it out?干吗要把它拿出来?

—I'm going to wash it.我想把它洗一洗。(事先考虑)

4— Have you bought a typewriter?你买了台打字机吗?

—YesI'm going to leam to type

是的,我想学打字。(事先考虑)

 

48.怎样正确理解现在完成时

    You don't need to describe herI____her several times

Ahad met    Bhave me   t Cmet    Dmeet

此题应选B。主要考察现在完成时的用法。现在完成时是各类考试的常考考点,其基本用法有两种:

一、持续性用法(或叫未完成用法):指的是动作过去发生,但在过去并未完成,而是从过去一直持续到现在。此时多半有表示持续性的时间状语(如:for 5 yearssince 1990 等)。

二、影响性用法(或叫已完成用法):指的是动作过去发生,且在过去已经完成,但这个过去发生的动作对现在有影响,且说话者正好要强调的就是这个影响。现在完成时的这个用法,一般没有明显的时间状语,主要通过上下文来理解。

1—Where____ the radio I can't see it anywhere

—I ____it right hereBut now it's gone

Adid you puthave put

Bhave you putput

Chad you put was putting

D were you puttinghave put

2—Who is Jerry Cooper

--- ____I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting

ADon't you meet him yet

BHadn't you met him yet

CDidn't you meet him yet

DHaven't you met him yet

答案:1B 2D

  49.过去进行时用法一得

   I don't think Jim saw me he____ into space

Ajust stared         Bwas just staring

Chas just stared     Dhad just stared

此题应选B。主要考察动词过去进行时的基本用法(即动作在过去某一时刻正在进行)。此题的上文设置比较巧妙:前面的主句用了I don't think(指现在的看法),而其后的宾语从句用的是saw(指过去的动作),也就是说此题的语境是:现在谈论过去的情况,全句意为:我认为吉姆当时没看见我,(因为)他当时正在朝天空看。

1My brother____ while he his bicycle and hurt himself

Afellwas riding       Bfell were riding

Chad fallenrode       Dhad fallenwas riding

2Tom ____into the house when no one____

Aslippedwas looking      Bhad slippedlooked

Cslipped had looked      Dwas slippedlooked

3As she ____the newspaperGranny____ asleep

Areadwas falling           Bwas reading fell

Cwas readingwas falling    Dreadfell

4I first met Lisa three years agoShe____at a radio shop at the time

Ahas worked            Bwas working

Chad been working       Dhad worked

答案:1A 2A 3B 4B

50.正确理解和运用过去完成时的关键是什么

    He asked me to have a drink with him I said that it was at least ten years since I____ a good drink

Ahad enjoyed        Bwas enjoying

Cenjoyed            Dhad been enjoying

此题应选A。容易误选C。本题主要考察过去完成时的基本用法(过去完成时是各类考试的常考考点),此用法的关键是要正确理解过去的过去这五个字,也就是说:过去完成时是一个相对时态,它必须以一个过去时间作参照,而这个过去完成时所表示的动作要发生在这个过去时间的过去。做这类题时,考生一定要注意一定的上下文,要注意寻找直接或间接的过去参照时间:

1He was disappointed that most of the guests____ when he ___at  the party

Alefthad arrived      Bleft arrived

Chad lefthad arrived   Dhad leftarrived

2The students____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book.

she____ in the office

Ahad writtenleft        Bwere writinghas left

Chad writtenhad left    Dwere writinghad left

3 Helen____ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____ home

Ahas leftcomes      Blefthad come

Chad leftcame       Dhad left would come

答案:1D 2D 3C