偶看新闻jni 调用java方法:【小学英语】小学英语总复习
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小学英语总复习
学生易错词汇
1. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.
2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. I ,you 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is , 复数用there are.
5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.
6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的)
why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)
二:形容词比较级详解
当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是:
什么 + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:
I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)
形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:
① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier
④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter
☆注意☆ 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西.
典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.)
比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性.
应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
比较级专项练习: 一,从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall long big
(1) How is the Yellow River
(2) How is Mr Green He's 175cm.
(3) How are your feet I wear size 18.
(4)How is the fish It's 2kg.
二,根据句意写出所缺的单词
(1) I'm 12 years old. You're 14. I'm than you.
(2) A rabbit's tail is than a monkey's tail.
(3) An elephant is than a pig.
(4) A lake is than a sea.
(5) A basketball is than a football.
三,根据中文完成句子.
(1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. I'm than my brother.
(2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that on
(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.
(4) 谁比你重 than you
三:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A,规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried
(注意play,stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B,不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw ,
have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got ,
read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,
are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew
, come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel
- felt
四:动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
五:人称和数
人称代词
物主代词
主格
宾格
第一
人称
单数
I(我)
me
my(我的)
复数
we(我们)
us
our(我们的)
第二
人称
单数
you(你)
you
your(你的)
复数
you(你们)
you
your(你们的)
第三
人称
单数
he(他)
him
his(他的)
she(她)
her
her(她的)
it(它)
it
its(它的)
复数
they(他们/她们/它们)
them
their(他们的/她们的/它们的)
六:句型专项归类
肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV
yesterday evening.
2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in
our classroom.
He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday
evening.
☆注意☆ 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 "not".有动词be的句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am
not
一般都分开写.没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它们缩写在一起如"don't
, doesn't , didn't
).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did"
.
3,一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用"yes",或"no"来回答.
如:Are you a student Yes, I am / No, I'm not.
Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we
are. / No, we aren't.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00 Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won't).
Are they swimming Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
☆注意☆ 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,
①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did"
.一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的.
4,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why ,
how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"来回答.如:
What is this It's a computer.
What does he do He's a doctor.
Where are you going I'm going to Beijing.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon Mike.
Which season do you like best Summer.
When do you usually get up I usually get up at 6:30.
Whose skirt is this It's Amy's.
Why do you like spring best Because I can plant trees.
How are you I'm fine. / I'm happy.
How did you go to Xinjiang I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how
tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom There are 51.
☆小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,
How many + 名词复数 + do you have 你有多少……
How many + 名词复数 + can you see 你能看见多少……
How many + 名词复数 + are there… 有多少……
七:完全,缩略形式: I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they are you're=you are
there's=there is they're=they are can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not
isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was
not
总结:通常情况下,'m即am,'s即is(但 let's=let us), 're即are ,n't即not (但can't=can not
分类归纳：
一：名词的单复数;
1. 后加s：apple---apples book---books house-houses tree---trees
2. 后加es：tomato—tomatoes potato—potatoes box—boxes peach-peaches
3. 原形：sheep-sheep fish—fish rice-rice milk—milk water—water
二：形容词的比较级，加r，er，y-i加er
1. 有e加r：nice--nicer wide--wider
2. 直加er：tall--taller old--older long--longer strong--stronger young—younger
short—shorter
3. 双写加er：thin—thinner big—bigger
4. 变身y-i加er：heavy—heavier
三：动词的ing形式，现在进行时do-doing
1. 直接加ing：cook—cooking read—reading teach—teaching swing—swinging
do-doing
2. 去掉e加ing：write-writing take-taking have-having dive-diving ride-riding
3. 双写加ing：swim—swimming run—running
四：动词的第三人称单数形式，do—does
1. 直接加s：read-reads draw-draws
like-likes write-writes make-makes live-lives come-comes drive- drives
2. 加es：go-goes do-does teach-teaches watch-watches
3. 变y-i加es：study- studies
五：动词的过去式，do—did
1. 有e加d：make→maked write→writed dancd-danced
2 .直接加ed：visit→visted learn→learned watch-watched play—liayde cook-cooked
3. 变y-i加ed：study—studied
4. 变身：do-did go-went have-had sing-sang buy-bought swim—swam
5. 原形：read—read
六：写出下列单词的反义词：
tall—short taller—taller old-young new older-younger boy—girl yes-no
big-small bigger-smaller long-shoet longer-shorter
七：完全—缩写形式
arenot=aren’t is not=isn’t do not=don’t did not=didn’t does not=doesn’t
can not=can’t was not=wasn’t I will=I’ll I am=I’m I would=I’d
Let us=Let‘s they are=they’re what is=what’s she is=she’s it is=it’s
he is=he’s were not=weren’t mister=Mr centimeter=cm kg
八：一个单词的多种形式：
原形 第三人称单数 ing进行时 过去式
do does doing did
go goes going went
watch watches watching watched
write writes writing writed
swim swims swimming swamp
read reads reading read
play plays playing played
英语作文示范：靠中间写，句数要够，书写规范，题目。
1. 请你以“My Friend”或“My Pen
Pal”为题，介绍一下你的朋友，基本信息包括：姓名，年龄，身高，体重，长相，爱好，住哪，平时做的事，怎样去上学等。
（不少于5句话）。
注：句子不少于5句，第三人称，书写规范。
My Friend
My Friend is Chen Jie.
She is 14.
She is 160 tall.
She is tall and thin.
She is 45kg.
She likes making kites.
She lives in china.
She watches TV at night.
She goes to school by bike.
We are good friends.
2.你打算这个周末在家里举行一个“party”，你能介绍一下去你家的路线，好让你的朋友尽快找到你吗？（不少于5句话）。
注：条例清晰，不少于5句话，书写规范。
Start from your school.
Take the NO.5 bus.
Get off at the cinema.
Turn left at the cinema.
Go straight for 3 minutes.
My home is near the bookstore.
3.在家里你能帮父母干些什么家务呢？赶紧介绍一下吧。（不少于5句话）。
注：I can句型，短语书写正确，注意“the”和单复数。不少于5句话。
I can cook the meals.
I can wash the clothes.
I can clean the bedroom.
I can set the table.
I can water the flowers.
I can make the bed.
I am helpful at home.
4.你能介绍一下你的家人都是什么职业，在哪工作，怎么去上班吗？（不少于5句话）。
注：注意第一第三人称，不少于5句话，书写规范
My Family
My mother is a teacher.
She works in a school.
She goes to work by bike.
My father is an engineer.
He goes to work by bus.
My sister is a doctor.
She works in a hospital.
She goes to work by subway.
I am a student.
I go to school on foot.
5.你能给大家比较一下你家人的外貌特征吗？不少于5句话
注：外貌特征，长相比较，可以用比较级。
My Family
My father is taller than my mother.
My father is older than my mother.
My mother is younger than my father.
My sister is shorter than my brother.
I am shorter than my brother.
But I am taller than my sister.
5. 请你给大家介绍一下你家人的爱好好吗？注意人称变化. 不少于5句话。
注：注意第一like，第三人称likes的变化。Like后面加ing.
I like reading books.
My father likes reading newspapers.
My mother likes singsing.
My little sister likes watching TV.
My brother likes swimming.
My little brother likes flying kites.
6. 你能介绍一下，上一个（假期）周末你都做什么了吗？可以以“Last Weekend”为题，不少于5句话。
注：过去式，第一人称，题目。
Last Weekend
On Saturday morning，I claned my bedroom.
In the afternoon，I went to a park.
At night，I watched TV.
On Sunday Imorning，I read books.
In the afternoon，I washed my clothes.
At night ，I went to the cinema.
7. 请根据提示写一下你的家人上个周末都做什么了。不少于5句话。
注：根据提示来，过去式，一、三人称。
妈妈—洗衣服 爸爸—去公园 哥哥—踢足球 妹妹—看电视 我—读书
Last Weekend
My mother washed the clothes.
My father went to a park.
My brother played football.
My sister watched TV.
I read English books.
8. 请根据提示写一下你的家人此时此刻正在做什么，不少于5句话。
注：现在进行时，加ing，有be的am，is，are形式。
妈妈—洗衣服 爸爸—读报纸 哥哥—踢足球 妹妹—看电视 我—读书
My mother is washing the clothes.
My father is reading newspapers.
My brother is playing football.
My sister is watching TV.
I am reading English books.
9. 请根据提示写一下你的家人下个周末都打算干什么，不少于5句话。
注：一般将来时，be going to +v原形。Be 有am，is，are。
妈妈—洗衣服 爸爸—读报纸 哥哥—踢足球 妹妹—看电视 我—放风筝
Next Weekend
My mother is going to wash the clothes.
My father is going to read newspapers.
My brother is going to play football.
My sister is going to watch TV.
I am going to fly kites.
小学英语六年级总复习（二）
( 一) 语音部分。
这部分重点是帮助学生整理、归纳发音规律和读音规
则, 过好语音关。英语课程标准二级目标提出: 要知道错误的
发音会影响交际; 知道字母名称的读音; 了解简单的拼读规
律; 了解单词有重音; 语音清楚、语调自然。在复习语音知识
时应强调了解语音知识的意义, 而不是语音规则的掌握; 强
调语音知识在交际中的作用, 而不是语音知识本身。从而为
学生继续以后的英语学习打下坚实的基础。进行总复习时,
可按照以下板块来分类复习。
A) 元音: a e i o u
Aa cake, face, date, snake, grape, make,
game, plate, later, name, lake, etc
cat, map, hat, sad, happy, black, etc
Ee evening, we, he, be , she, these, etc
bed, help, elbow, desk, ten, leg,
eleven, dress, egg, hen, yes, very, etc
Ii ice, time, bike, ride, white, Friday,
library, rice, like, nice, kite, size, etc
pink, six, in, pig, fifty, river,
windy, sick, sister, sit, milk, fish,
slipper, in, thin, big , swim, it, etc
Oo home, nose, rose, go, those, hole,
close, hotel, old, hello, rope, cold, etc
nod, not, closet, box, fox, lock,
lot, shop, rock, office, orange, on, etc
Uu sun, sunny, run, fun, jump, lunch,
supper, under, truck, duck, donut, us,
Sunday, hundred, etc
computer, Tuesday, excuse, unit,
January, avenue, music, use, etc
B) 元音字母组合
E — tea, speak, dream, east, easy, teacher,
leaf, leave, read, jeans, meat, cheap, etc
breakfast, bread, sweater, heaven, head, etc
ee — see, need, queen, sheep, teeth,
green, sleep, nineteen, street, knee, etc
oo — toothbrush, zoo, cool, food, noodles,
Kangaroo, school, afternoon, cookie, etc
classroom, book, foot, look, good,
bedroom, cookies, wood, etc
ou —blouse, house, mouth, mouse, south,
cloudy, about, etc
ar — department, arm, car, park, March,
apartment, far, marker, hard, party, etc
or —morning, north, for, corner, short,
shorts, story, horse, forty, etc
homework, work, doctor, world, word, etc
ir — shirt, bird, skirt, thirsty, thirty,
third, circle, first, girl, etc
ur — Thursday, purple, curly, hurt, nurse,
hamburger, Saturday, etc
er — sweater, sister, teacher, letter, supper,
computer, burger, under, corner, tiger, etc
ear —ear, year, near, hear, dear, etc
ay — X- ray, day, May, play, may,
always, today, gray, okay, way, etc
ow —tomorrow, know, below, slow, elbow,
yellow, show, snow, bowl, etc
cow, now, brown, flower, down, etc
oa —coat, boat, goat, road, etc
C) 辅音字母组合
sh — cashier, she, sheep, shoes, fish, etc
ch — chicken, teacher, chalk, chair, chant,
children, much, China, etc
tr — waitress, tree, street, truck, traffic,
strawberry , trick, etc
dr — drink, dress, drive, dream, draw, etc
th — theatre, thirsty, three, think, third,
Thursday, teeth, etc
mother, father, this, that, they,
brother, these, their, etc
wh —where, what, white, when, why, etc
( 二) 词汇部分。
包括: 名词、动词、形容词以及常见词组、短语等。
各词类在复习时可按主题再进一步的划分, 如小学阶段
要求掌握的名词可分为学习用品、职业、颜色、身体部位、家
庭成员、蔬菜、水果、服装、食品、场所、交通工具、动物、植物、
家具、形状、季节、节日、国家等; 动词可分为运动、休闲娱乐、
学习、家务、感官动词等; 形容词可分为描写外貌、性格、情
感、天气、表示“好”的形容词等类别。这样分类的目的是帮助
学生整理知识, 并丰富他们的积极词汇量, 如学生在描述人
物性格时, 可以有多个不同的形容词涌入头脑, 供其选择。这
样说( 写) 出来的词汇和内容都会比较丰富。
这种分类也是对学生学习策略的一个提示。策略研究的
结果表明分类记忆的词汇效果较好, 并易于提取。除此之外,
我们还可以教给学生采用记忆同义词、反义词、联想记忆等
方法来整理、记忆词汇。
教材中出现的比较重要的词组和短语, 我们也可以一起
来整理记忆。如:
表示地点:
in /on /under the desk /table? in a river /tree?
in the classroom/gym/library? in the top
in front of /behind the tree? in the sink
in the bedroom/living room? on the ice / snow
on the blackboard on a map on the right /left?
表示时间:
in the morning /afternoon /evening
in winter /spring /summer /fall
表示动作:
open the window/book /door close the window/book /door
go to bed go to school
go to sleep go for a walk
go straight go up the stairs
go shopping go to the park /zoo /gym?
go swimming go /walk /drive to work
eat breakfast /lunch /supper have breakfast /lunch /supper
read a book read books
read the newspaper a pair of shorts /gloves?
read my /your book
play basketball /sports /cards? play on the computer
work on the computer speak English /Chinese
teach English learn English
take a picture take off
take the bus by bus /bicycle?
write a story write a letter
watch TV watch a movie
fly a kite fly kites go on a trip
go on trips have a good trip
help my /your mother wash my /your hands /face
brush my /your teeth get up
domy homework put on
drawa picture walk home
stand up wake up
listen to the radio /teacher turn right /left
work hard drive a car
ride a bicycle stay home
look at live in arrive in?
leave for ? etc
( 三) 语法部分。
1.词类与用法。
A.名词。
( 1) 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式, 要求掌握单数变
复数的一般规则。何时加- s, 何时加- es .
( 2) 掌握课本中出现的不规则名词的复数形式。如men,
women , children , people, etc
( 3) 了解不可数名词没有复数形式。如: paper, chalk,
ice, cream, cake, juice, soup, ice, meat, fish, fruit, milk,
chicken, etc
此外, 还有一些名词本身就是以复数形式出现的。如:
shorts , jeans, socks, clothes, etc
B.代词。
( 1) 掌握人称代词he, she, I, you, we, they 的用法.
( 2) 掌握形容词性物主代词my, your, his, her, our 的用
法。了解名词性物主代词mine, yours 的用法。
( 3) 掌握指示代词this , that, these, those 的用法, 特别是
它们构成的句型。
( 4) 掌握疑问代词( 包括部分疑问副词) what, how, how
many , howmuch, howold, howtall, howoften, who, what time,
when , where, 等构成的特殊疑问句并能做出简单回答。
C.冠词。
掌握a 和an 的不同用法。
D.数词。
( 1) 掌握数词1~100 以及整百、整千的写法用法。
( 2) 了解序数词第1- 第12。
E.介词。
掌握介词in, on, under, above, below, beside, inside,
outside, in front of, behind 等的用法。
F.动词。
( 1) 掌握be 动词am, is, are (was were) 在使用时的人称
变化, be 动词构成的肯定句、否定句、疑问句以及对疑问句的
回答等形式。
( 2) 掌握行为动词在不同时态里的不同形式, 包括一般
现在时里的动词原形和动词的第三人称单数形式; 现在进行
时里的动词+ing 形式和一般过去时里的动词过去式包括规
则动词加- ed 和不规则动词如ate, saw, went, bought,
taught, thought, etc.
( 3) 掌握助动词do, does, did 等构成的否定句、疑问句
以及对问句的简单回答形式。
( 4) 掌握情态动词can, may 构成的各种句型及问句的答
语。
( 5) 掌握would 构成的问句及答语。
G.形容词、副词。
了解形容词可放到be 动词后或名词前如: I am happy.
Mymother is young. This is a red bag. He has white hair. 了解形
容词比较级的用法。如: I am older/ younger than ? I am
taller/ shorter than?
了解表示频率的副词always, usually, sometimes, never
的用法。
2.句子:
A. 句子的类型: 重点掌握陈述句( 包括肯定句和否定
句) 、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及其回答。
B.句子的时态: 要求掌握一般现在时、现在进行时、一般
过去时和一般将来时, 重点是一般现在时和现在进行时。
在复习这部分内容时一定要注意主要是通过教材中选
出的不同例句来对各种词的用法进行对比、归类和总结。这
部分的学习记忆不是重点, 重点是知道在什么语境中运用。
教师在复习时用的例子要有代表性和全面性。如介词for 在
教材中就有表示目的、时间延续、用途等的意义, 因此教师要
给出相应的例子。要注意引导学生对容易弄错的内容进行对
比, 并给予巩固性练习。
回忆在学过的课文里什么地方用过, 表达的是怎样的意
思, 并能自己举出使用这些词和语法现象的例子, 是复习掌
握这部分内容的有效策略。
第二部分话题、功能和任务
这个部分可在第一部分的复习完成后进行, 也可与第一
部分的内容结合进行。教师要将1~8 册书中的各单元间的关
系进行分析, 将那些相关的内容放在一起, 作为一大主题进
行复习, 建立起纵向的联系, 而不是把他们当作孤立的板块
逐一处理。每大主题的复习应包括相关词汇、常用句型、典型
对话( 段落) 等几个方面, 包括听、说、读、写的练习。划分出的
每个板块应从相关课文单元、涉及主要词汇、重点涉及语法、
功能、典型句型等方面进行复习。
这个部分在复习时要注意对学生能力的培养。这就意味
着教师们不要简单重复教材中的内容, 或简单地对教材内容
进行部分词的替换, 而是要将小学阶段学过的同某一个主题
相关的内容综合起来, 灵活地加以运用, 使学生们加深对已
学内容的理解
冠词
一、定义
冠词是一种虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面(相当于名词的帽子)，帮助指明名词的含义。
二、分类
共3类：定冠词（the Definite Article），不定冠词（the Indefinite
Article）、零冠词（Zero Article）。
三、用法
1、定冠词的用法
a 、an与数词on
(1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。
I gave him a book yesterday .我昨天给了他一本书
I am reading an interesting story . 我在读一则有趣的故事。
(2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。
A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。
(3) 不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 "每一"。
We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。
I went to the library on
(4) 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。
A boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。
(5)在序数词前表示"又一;再一"时。如:
I want to read the story a second time 我想再读一遍这篇小说。
(6) 表示不特定的"某一个"时。如:
A Mr. Smith is calling on the phone. 有一位史密斯先生来电话找你 。
7）在特定的短语里表示特定的含义，与不可数名词连用，如：
have a good time 过得高兴
(8) 一日三餐前有修饰语时。如:
-Mum, what shall we have for lunch?
-Jiaozi.
-Oh, what a wonderful lunch! I enjoy it very much.
(9) 在形容词最高级前表示"非常"时。如:
Lesson Nine is a most difficult lesson, but it isn't the most
difficult On
(10)不定冠词用于某些词组中。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many /
many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in
a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try /
keep an eye on / all of a sudden
2.定冠词的用法
定冠词the与指示代词this,that,these,those同源，有"那（这）个"
"这（那）些"的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。以下为必须加定冠词的情形:
(1)在表示双方都明白的人或物的名词之前：
Take the medicine. 把药吃了。
(2)在上文提到过的人或事的名称之前：
He bought a house. I've been to the house.
他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
(3)在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前：
the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth
(4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：
The fox is cunning .狐狸是狡猾的。
(5)与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。
(6)用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词on
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。
That's the very thing that Ineed 那正是我需要的东西。
(7)在表示"...世纪...年代"的结构之前
He began to learn Russian in the 1950s. 他在20实际50年代开始学俄语。
但注意:in on
He looked quite healthy though he was in his 80s.
(8)在比较级的两种句型中:
①表示"越 ......,就越......"时。如:
The lighter, the better. 越轻越好 。
② 表示"两者中比较......"时,用定冠词。如:
There are two books on the table. I like the thicker on
(9)用在"动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位名称"的结构中(注意:介词常用in/on/by)。如:
The ball hit me on the back. 球打中了他的头 。
(10) 在表示"计量单位"的可数名词前(注意:介词用by)。如:
The workers are paid by the hour/day/month. 按月付给工人工资 .
(11)用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前：the Great Wall(长城)，the People's
Park(人民公园)等。
the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国
the United States 美国
(12)用在表示乐器的名词之前：
She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴.
The little girl likes to play the violin. 小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。
13）定冠词用在文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。
They are going to the cinema tonight. 他们今晚要去影院看电影。
(14)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：
the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)
(15)在方位名词之前 ，如：in the west on the west
(16)在某些短语中 in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the
day after tomorrow ,the day before yesterday, the next
morning, in the sky (water，field，country) in the dark, in the
rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the
whole, by the way, go to the theatre
总 复 习
1.人称代词
主格： I we you she he it they
宾格： me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their
名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容词和副词的比较级
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音节词前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y变i，再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不规则变化：
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可数词的复数形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 缩略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book, a peach
an egg an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示时间： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day
in the evening in December in winter
8. 基数词和序数词
on
9. Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 动词
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
（3）一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
11. there be 结构
肯定句： There is a …
There are …
一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…? Yes,
there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….
12. 祈使句
Sit down please. Don’t sit down, please.
13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.
形式： be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
动词 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
形式：
肯定句：
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day.
一般疑问句:
Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays.
My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.
15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。
eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.
2．You should keep quiet in the library.
16. 一般过去时态
（a） be 动词的过去式:
I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….
一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。
（b）动词过去式：
肯定句： I watched cartoons.
She visited the zoo.
一般疑问句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she
didn’t.
否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday.
He didn’t make model ships last week.
(3)动词过去式的变化：
规则动词的变化：
Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。
Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。
Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped
不规则动词的变化：
is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:
eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等
17. “Wh-” questions.
What are you doing?
What colour is it?
What time is it? What’s the time?
Which is your watch, the yellow on
Who’s the man with a big nose?
Whose bag is it?
When is your birthday?
Where is my ball pen?
Why do you like summer?
How many books are there in the school bag?
How old is the young man?
How much is the toy bear? How do you go to school everyday?