三星s8压力感应校准:聚焦中国：大国家的大科学

Focus on China: BIG Science in a BIG Country

聚焦中国：大国家的大科学

By Chris Tachibana

作者：克里斯.塔齐巴纳

December 09, 2011

2011年12月9日

“Although their training may be shorter compared to U.S. graduate students, Chinese students are generally less distracted by outside activities and their reputation for being hard workers is well founded.”—Chen Deliang 

“与美国的研究生相比，中国学生接受训练的时间可能要短，但一般情况下，他们很少因外界活动和自身声誉而分心，因为他们艰苦奋斗的精神根深蒂固。”——陈德亮

China is a land of scientific opportunity, with energetic young researchers and a government that is delivering on its commitment to research and development funding. Chinese students and scientists with international experience are beginning to feel that the best job opportunities are at home. The research environment is in flux, however, as booming numbers of new Ph.D.s seek training and jobs, and discussions about funding and evaluation raise questions about the quality of Chinese research. In a large country with many voices, the government, the academic community, and grassroots groups all have ideas and advice for young scientists. By Chris Tachibana

有着一批年轻的研究精英，和一个正在履行投资研究与发展承诺的政府，中国是一片生机盎然的科学热土。有着海外经历的中国学生和科学家开始感受到，最好的就业机会在祖国。然而，研究环境不是一成不变的，随着越来越多的新博士们寻求训练和就业机会，关于投资与评价的讨论引发了对中国研究质量的质疑。在一个百家争鸣的大国，政府、学术界和民间机构对年轻的科学家各抒己见。

王俊  图片由BGI提供

Wang JunWang Jun is a science rock star. At age 35, he has 100 peer-reviewed papers, with greatest hits that include the panda and pig genome sequences. Even before his 2002 Peking University Ph.D. thesis won a national award from the Ministry of Education, he helped found BGI, a nonprofit genomics services and research organization with more than 3,000 employees, where he is now executive director. Wang is officially a professor at two Danish universities, but his home base is BGI headquarters in Shenzhen, near 

Hong Kong, where he pursues "creative, collaborative, big science."

王俊是一名科学巨星。35岁的他，已有100篇通过审核的论文，其中有包括熊猫和猪基因组序列的论文精选。2002年，他的北大博士论文获教育部颁发的一个国家奖项，甚至在此之前，他帮助建立了华大基因，一个有3000多员工的非盈利性质的基因组学服务研究机构，他现任该组织的常务董事。他是丹麦两所大学的正式教授，但是，香港旁边的深圳华大基因总部是他的根据地，在那里他从事着“创造性的、协作性的大科学”。

In Beijing, another rising star is setting up her laboratory in the brand-new Medical Science Building at Tsinghua university, which is considered to be one of China's top academic institutions. Shen Xiaohua turned down an attractive tenure-track faculty position at the University of Michigan, accepting instead an offer from Shi Yigong, who left Princeton university in 2008 to become dean of life sciences at Tsinghua University. Shen said when she was looking for faculty positions she compared the research programs of her peers in China and the United States. "In the long run, I felt I could do better in China," she says. "I don't feel limited by funding, manpower, or brainpower." Shen has a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan and postdoctoral experience at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, but does not see her top undergraduate students following in her footsteps. Some who had planned to study in the United States are now deciding to stay and train with China's top scientists at Tsinghua. "Especially for stem cell research," she says, "the students think they can do more in Chinabecause of restrictions in the U.S. and people are coming back," she adds. One of her technicians has a Master's degree from the United States and years of project management experience, but returned to China to join the Shen lab. 

清华大学有着中国顶级学术机构之一的美誉，在这所高等学府崭新的医学科学大楼里，另一个后起之秀正在忙于建立她的实验室。沈晓骅拒绝了密西根大学提供的诱人的终身教授职位，接受了施一公的邀请。施一公2008年离开普林斯顿大学，回到清华大学，担任生命科学系系主任。沈说，在寻找教授职位时，她对同行们在中国和美国的研究项目做了比较。“从长远看，我觉得，在中国我可以做得更好，”她说。“在资金、人力和人才方面不受制约。”她在密西根大学取得博士学位，在达纳法贝尔癌症研究所和哈佛医学院获得博士后经验，但是她的优秀本科生们没有随她回来。一些曾计划在美国开展研究的人，现在决定留在清华大学，与中国的顶级科学家共同研究训练。“尤其是干细胞研究，”她说，“由于美国的限制，这些学生认为，在中国他们可以做得更多。人才在回流，”她补充道。她有一名技术员在美国获得硕士学位，并具有多年项目管理经验，但返回中国，加入了沈的实验室。

Optimism and Criticism

褒贬不一

One attraction for returning Chinese scientists like Wang and Shen is the relatively promising financial outlook. After the United States, China has the second largest economy in the world, and the second highest investment in research and development. Science and technology spending has increased every year, even through the recent global economic crisis. In 2006, the government announced a 15-year science and technology development program, with plans to invest 2 percent of gross domestic product in research by 2010 and 2.5 percent by 2020. (It was 0.7 percent in 1998.) Cong Cao, associate professor, 

School of Contemporary Chinese Studies at the University of Nottingham, says that China is slightly behind on the 2010 benchmark, but on track to meet the 2020 goal.

相对光明的经济前景，是吸引像王和沈一样的海外中国科学家回国的原因之一。中国为世界上第二经济大国，仅次于美国，在研究与发展方面的投资也处于第二位。科学技术开支逐年增加，甚至贯穿近期的全球经济危机。2006年，政府宣布了一个15年期科技发展计划，到2010年，研究投入达到国民生产总值的2%，到2020年，达到2.5%。（1998年为0.7%。）诺丁汉大学当代中国研究院副教授曹聪说，中国2010年的投入略低于计划标准，但在2020年将达到预期。

Photo of Paul Kwong HangTam (Left Front) with ColleaguesChina is transitioning from a labor-based economy to a high-technology and innovation-based economy, and this contributes to a positive scientific environment, says Professor Paul Kwong HangTam, pro-vice chancellor and vice president of research, 

University of Hong Kong. Science and technology are national strategies in the government's recent five-year plan, so Tam says "the overall picture is optimistic for young people who are well trained, motivated, and want a career in science in China."

谭广亨（左前）和他的同事们

中国正由劳动密集型经济向高科技创新型经济转变，有助于创造积极的科学环境，香港大学副校长、研究院院长谭广亨教授说。科技是政府近期五年计划中的国家战略，所以谭认为“对那些受过良好教育、积极进取、希望在中国进行科学研究的年轻人来说，大形势是乐观的。”

In fact, in 2011, the Chinese government launched the Young Thousand Talents program, attracting scientists under the age of 40 to China with a high salary and up to $450,000 in research funding over three years. Both Chinese citizens and non-Chinese are eligible, as long as they have a Ph.D. in natural sciences or engineering from an internationally recognized university, at least three years of research experience, and are willing to work full-time at a Chinese university or research institute. The program extends the Thousand Talents program, which in 2008 began recruiting established scientists under the age of 55 with a $150,000 signing bonus and generous salaries and startup packages—this is what brought Shi to Tsinghua University. 

事实上，中国政府在2011年启动了‘千人招聘计划’，以高薪和三年最高45万美元的研究资金吸引40岁以下的科学家到中国来。不论是否中国公民，只要他们在国际公认的大学取得自然科学或工程学博士学位，有三年以上研究经验，愿意在中国的任一大学或研究所进行全职工作。在‘千人招聘计划’之前的2008年，中国政府就开始招募55岁下有建树的科学家，签约资金15万美元，丰厚的报酬，项目启动支持——这就是沈来到清华大学的原因。

Along with the impressive plans and big numbers, however, are concerns expressed by the international and Chinese scientific communities about the funding, evaluation, and training of Chinese researchers. Three major challenges facing young Chinese scientists are a funding system that tends to value connections more than innovation and ideas; a push to generate Ph.D.s and publications that could compromise quality and hurt the reputation of Chinese science; and a desire for training and international experience that does not match opportunities.

伴随着这些宏伟计划和大手笔的资金投入，国内外科学团体就资金、评价和中国研究人员的培养问题表达了担忧。年轻的中国科学家主要面临三种挑战：资金提供系统倾向于重关系，轻创新和思想；苛求他们培养更多博士，发表更多论文的做法，可能导致研究质量折衷，有损中国科学声誉；对训练和国际经历的渴求与机遇不相适应。

In a controversial 2010 editorial in Science, Shi and his colleague Rao Yi called for changes in the Chinese research funding system. They said that an investigator's connections with the right bureaucrats matter more than project merit, especially for million-dollar-plus megaprojects. They feel this results in wasteful spending and stifles innovation.

在引发争议的2010年《科学》社论中，沈和他的同事饶毅呼吁，改变中国研究资金提供系统。他们说，研究人员与当权官僚的关系比项目的价值重要，在百万美元以上的大型研究项目中，表现尤其突出。他们认为这将导致资金浪费，并扼杀创新。

And they are not the only voices. Sciencenet.cn bloggers like Cao have long called for systemic science policy reforms. The Chinese government itself is concerned about getting a good return on the country's research investment as well as being able to assure taxpayers that science and technology dollars have been well spent. These pressures might result in reform, for scientists who have patience. In the spring of 2011, both Premier Wen Jiabao and Minister of Science and Technology Wan Gang stated a need for policy changes to make science spending more efficient, including making the competition for grants more open and transparent.

他们的呼声并不是孤立的。像曹一样的Sciencenet.cn博客们一直在呼吁系统性的科学政策改革。中国政府本身关心着国家研究投资的有效回报，并向纳税人保证，科技投资物尽其用。对有耐心的科学家来说，这些压力可能导向改革。2011年春天，国务院总理温家宝和科技部长王刚阐述了政策改革的需求，以加大科技投资收益，包括申请补贴竞争的开放化、透明化。

Quantity and Quality

数量与质量

Another issue raised by analysts within and outside of China is the rapid growth in all levels of higher education, from Bachelor's degrees to Ph.D.s, prompted by the 15-year plan. China is not the only country that has increased the number of Ph.D.s granted, but Cao says that especially in China, "expansion has affected quality." The top schools have excellent advising, he says, but at second-tier schools, the Ph.D. mentors may not always be qualified to supervise students, and only 20 to 30 percent have a Ph.D. themselves. Also, although Chinese students get a rigorous undergraduate education and most have a Master's degree before starting a Ph.D., Cao feels that the three-year Ph.D. program is too brief for sufficient training. 

15年期计划提出，从学士学位到博士学位各级高等教育快速发展，引起了国内外分析人士的质疑。中国并不是唯一允许增加博士学位数量的国家，但曹认为，尤其在中国，“扩招已经影响了质量。”顶级学校有优秀的批导，他说，但是二类学校，博士生导师可能并不都能胜任指导学生的工作，这些博士生导师本身只有20%-30%取得过博士学位。再者，尽管中国学生在本科期间接受了良好的教育，而且在大多数在开始博士学习之前已获得硕士学位，曹认为，三年的博士学习太短，学到的知道远远不够。

Chen DeliangTo raise the quality of advising, graduate programs are beginning to introduce committee-based supervision. Another measure might be to bring in outside examiners from well-regarded universities. In general, however, new Chinese Ph.D. graduates might need more postdoctoral advising than U.S. graduates. "Some are ready to be independent investigators, but many are not," says Chen Deliang, associate professor at the Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences (GUCAS) in Beijing, and a former postdoc at the University of California, Irvine. From his office, Chen has a bird's-eye view of both Chinese graduate education and the GUCAS campus, with its winding roads, green lawns, and outdoor table tennis area. Each year, approximately 8,000 science graduate students arrive at GUCAS from all over China for an initial year of training before continuing at another institute or university. In addition to an intensive introduction to their field, the students have a chance to socialize and create a lifelong network of colleagues and collaborators. Although their training may be shorter, Chen says that compared to U.S. graduate students, Chinese students are generally less distracted by outside activities and their reputation for being hard workers is well founded. Says Chen, "The graduate students here are in the lab morning and night."

陈德亮

为提高研究指导质量，研究生课程开始引入委员会监管机制，还可能从名校聘请考官进行测试。但总的来说，中国新博士毕业生比美国的毕业生需要更多的博士后指导。“一些人已经做好独立研究的准备，但许多人还没有，”位于北京的中国科学院和研究生院副教授陈德良说，他曾在加州大学欧文分校进行博士后研究。从办公室，陈可以鸟瞰中国科学院和研究生院，弯弯曲曲的小径，绿茵茵的草坪，户外乒乓球场。每年，约有8000名理科研究生从全国各地来到这里，在进入其他研究机构和大学之前接受为期一年的启蒙教育。除领域强化入门训练外，学生们还有机会社交，建立终身同事和合作者网络。尽管他们培训时间可能短一些，陈说，与美国研究生相比，中国研究生一般很少因外界活动和声誉而分心，因为他们艰苦奋斗的精神根深蒂固。陈说，“这里的研究生日以继夜地工作在实验室。”

Home and Away

去与留

After graduating, new Ph.D.s who stay in China may find that postdoc salaries are low compared to other countries, and housing costs in major cities are high. This makes working abroad attractive for financial reasons, and in addition, international experience is highly valued. Says Cao, "The best chance to be competitive as a scientist in China is still to get postdoctoral training overseas." This is not always easy, however. In 2008, researchers at Duke University, Harvard University, and the University of California

of Berkeley conducted a nonrandom survey of international students in the United States that included 229 from China and Hong Kong (scim.ag/oHphK4). The study found that 61 percent of the Chinese students knew at least three people back home who wanted to study in the United States but couldn't, mainly for financial reasons. However, although the Chinese students praised their U.S.training and recommended it to their peers, 52 percent still felt the best job opportunities were in China.

毕业后，留在中国的新博士们可能会发现，博士后的工资低于其它国家，大城市的住房成本却很高。经济因素使出国工作颇具吸引力，而且留学经历也是备受推崇的。曹说，“在中国增强竞争力的最佳手段仍是海外博士后训练。”但是，这也不总是很容易的。2008年，杜克大学、哈佛大学和加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员，对来自中国大陆和香港的229名在美留学生进行了一项非随机性调查。调查发现，61%的中国学生认识至少三个这样的人，他们想留学美国，主要因为经济原因未能成行。尽管中国学生褒扬他们的美国教育，向他们同辈推荐，但仍有52%的中国学生认为，最好的就业机会在中国。

Photo provided by Cong Cao

曹聪  照片由曹聪提供

Cong CaoThose working abroad might still face difficulties, though, either in their new country, or when they come home. Qin Hao did Ph.D. work with BGI's Wang, which brought her to Denmark in 2005. She has been a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Copenhagen since 2010, but still feels she needs more international experience before seeking a job. "It's not easy to find a really good job in China after only one postdoc. I need more experience and recommendations to get funding." Hao is in a bit of a bind, though. She worries that she needs connections to get grants in China, but has a hard time getting funded in Denmark as a foreigner.

留在新国家，还是回国，海外工作的那些人可能仍要面对抉择。郝青曾与华大基因的王一起做博士研究工作，并因此在2005年去了丹麦。自2010年起，她一直在哥本哈根大学进行博士后研究，但她仍觉得在就业之前需要更多的留学经历。“仅经过一次博士后训练，在中国找到一份真正的好工作不容易。我需要更多的经验和推荐，以得到资金支持。”郝有点进退两难，她担心在中国获得资金靠关系，但作为一名外国人，在丹麦得到资助也是件难事。

Finally, Chinese researchers at home or away face global concerns about their science that are rooted in the country's evaluation system. As discussed in articles from the Lancet to the New York Times, promotions and pay rely heavily on the number of publications a researcher has and the impact factors of the journals. China now publishes more papers in international journals than any country except the 

United States , but this has led to questions about the quantity versus the quality of Chinese publications. Examples of misconduct and plagiarism driven by the push to publish have influenced how the worldwide community views Chinese science. Anecdotes of manuscripts with Chinese author names being automatically subjected to extra review for language or content are not uncommon. "It's a big problem," says Cao. "Because of a few cases, people wonder what kind of science is happening in China." 

最后，不论是留下的还是离开的中国研究人员都面临这样的困境，全世界都在担心他们植根于国家评估系统的科学。正如从柳叶刀到纽约时报上的文章中讨论的，升职和工资很大程度上依赖于研究人员发表论文数量和刊物的影响力。中国在国际刊物中发表论文的数量仅次于美国，但却引发了关于中国论文数量与质量的争议。由于急于发表论文而导致的行为不端与剽窃的例子，影响了国际社会对中国科学的看法。冠以中国作者名字的手稿被不假思索的进行语言和内容的额外审查，这样的情况屡见不鲜。“这是个大问题，”曹说。“因为有几起这样的先例，所以人们对中国进行的科学觉得好奇。”

Bottom-Up and Top-Down Solutions

自下而上和自上而下的解决方案

China is responding to these challenges to its young scientists. As expected for a country that is big in geography, population, and ideas, the solutions come from many sectors. One organization dedicated to improving, promoting, and popularizing science throughout China is the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST). Founded in 1958, its more than four million members belong to academic and professional societies that are part of CAST. One goal is meeting the needs of Chinese scientists who seek experience, guidance, and networking. "CAST surveys show that scientists in remote regions say it is hard to get opportunities to go to training courses or international meetings," says, executive secretary and vice-president, "so CAST encourages community education by our member societies to meet local needs from the bottom up. We facilitate and support training courses by local scholarly societies for new graduates." China is a big country, she says, so another important function of CAST is fostering interactions between scientists at large, nationally known universities, and researchers working at smaller local institutions. 

中国正在对年轻科学家们面临的这种挑战作出回应。正如大家预想的那样，一个地域广阔、人口众多、百家争鸣的大国，解决方案来自许多部门。中国科技协会致力于在全国范围内促进、发扬和普及科学。该协会成立于1958年，从属于中国科技协会的学术、专业团体就拥有超过4百万会员。满足中国科学家在经验、指导和交流方面的需求。“偏远地区的科学家在协会进行的调查中说，他们少有参加培训和国际会议的机会，”科协书记兼副主席程东红说，“所以，协会鼓励我们的会员团体进行社团教育，以适应当地自下而上的需要。我们帮助并支持当地学术团体对新毕业生进行培训。”中国是个大国，她说，所以协会还有另一个项重要作用，那就是促进广大科学家间、国家知名大学间和工作在基层机构的研究人员间的互动。

Photo courtesy of Donghong Cheng

程东红 照片由程东红提供

Donghong ChengCheng feels the solution to the boom in Ph.D.-level scientists is not to limit the degrees granted, but to improve education and training. "The Chinese culture has a high respect for education, and families want their child to have a Ph.D., and will invest almost every coin they have in their child's education, so we can't say that we won't provide that opportunity. Instead, we need to improve the quality of higher education to meet and guide the demands of society for high-quality human resources and help graduates find jobs." To encourage young researchers, CAST gives an award every other year for talented young scientists, and five years ago, started an annual award for young women scientists, funded by L'Oréal (China) as an extension of the L'Oréal-UNESCO Women in Science Partnership

. Although awards for young scientists usually have an under-40 age requirement, the age for the L'Oréal award was recently raised to 45. "We did this to encourage women to return to their science career after maternity leave, "says Cheng. 

程东红觉得，促进博士级科学家发展的方案不要局限于他们获得的学位，而是完善教育和培训。“中国崇尚教育，家庭希望子女读博士，情愿为子女教育倾其所有，所以，我们不能说，我们不提供那样的机会。相反，我们需要去提高高等教育的质量，满足并引导社会对高质量人才的需求，帮助毕业生就业。”协会每两年对有才华的年轻科学家进行一次奖励，以鼓励年轻的研究人员。5年前，欧莱雅——联合国教科文组织‘女性科学家’活动范围扩展，欧莱雅中国开始对年轻女科学家进行年度奖励。虽然获奖科学家通常要求不超过40岁，但欧莱雅中国最近将年龄上限推到45岁。“我们这样做的目的是，鼓励妇女产假之后返回科学生涯，”程说。

Other new opportunities for young scientists are coming from corporations and nonprofits, which are not currently major funders of research and training. BGI has a joint undergraduate program to educate students in multidisciplinary genomics work. Huang Xiaojuan, director of Educational Cooperation and Exchanges at the BGI Education and Training Department, explains that the program started in 2009 with the Southern China University of Technology as the first academic partner. The approximately 100 students in the program now come from more than six universities. Participants are considered students at their home university, but live at BGI employee dormitories in Shenzhen while they are trained in bioinformatics and genomics and gain general research and development experience. BGI is now setting up graduate programs with international partners such as the University of Copenhagen and the Chinese

University of Hong Kong . Huang and her husband both trained in the United States, but a sense of opportunity and potential brought them back to China. 

企业和非盈利机构也为年轻科学家们提供机会，但目前，这些不是研究和训练的主要经济来源。华大基因与其它机构共同开设了本科课程，在多学科基因组学工作上对学生进行教育。华大基因教育与培训部教育合作与交流负责人黄晓君解释说，华工理工大学是我们第一个学术合作伙伴，我们在2009年开始这个项目。现在，这个项目中近100名学生来自6所以上的大学。参与者仍被认为是母校的学生，但住在华大基因深圳雇员宿舍，他们接受生物信息学和基因组学培训，获得一般性研究和发展经验。华大基因正在与像哥本哈根大学和香港中文大学等国际合作者共同设立研究生课程。黄和她的丈夫都曾在美国受教育，但机遇感和潜意识指引他们回到中国。

Young scientists might look to Hong Kong for opportunities. "Hong Kong is a small place but we provide an international perspective," says University of Hong Kong 's Tam. "We're transforming from a three-year to a four-year undergraduate curriculum, so the university is recruiting an additional 20 to 25 percent academic staff." Hong Kong researchers are now eligible to apply for some Chinese state grants, says Tam, which should result in more opportunities for exchange and collaboration between Hong Kong and mainland China

.

年轻的科学家们可能在香港寻找机会。“香港虽小，但能提供国际视野，”香港大学的谭说。“我们正从三年制课程向四年制转化，所以学校正在增补20-25%的学术工作者。”香港研究人员现在有资格申请中国国家津贴，谭说，香港与大陆交流与合作的机会应该会更多。

Familiar Advice in Times of Flux

《时代变迁》上似曾相识的建议

The Chinese scientific landscape has both promising heights and problematic low points but reassuringly, experienced scientists all point young researchers in the same direction. Says Tam, "the most important thing is to follow one's passion but be prepared for changes. Some people may take the academic pathway and some may choose industry, business, or administration, but just enjoy your work, and take opportunities as they come along. It's a great moment to be in science and we need more young scientists."

中国科学前景，光明与不确定性共存，但有经验的科学家们对年轻研究人员提供的指导都是鼓励性的。谭说，“热情是最重要的指南针，但要准备好应对变化。一些人可能走学术之路，一些人可能选择产业、商业或管理，只要享受工作就好，而且要适时地抓住机遇。投身科学是伟大的，我们需要更多新生力量。”

Shen XiaohuaCAST Vice-President Cheng also advises students that first and foremost, they must be committed to science. Then, she says, "there's no right or wrong way to start your career. Different people have different opportunities, skills, and starting points." Science is without borders, she says, but Chinese scientists have a unique potential for worldwide impact. "We have the biggest population in the world, so Chinese development contributes to global development. It's all one mission: not two sides of a coin, but only one."

沈晓骅

中国科协副主席程也建议学生们致力于科学，她说这是重中之重。然后，接着说，“开始职业生涯无所谓对错。机会、技能和起点因人而异”。科学没有疆界，她说，但中国科学家对世界的影响具有独特的潜在优势。“我们是世界最大的国家，中国的发展有助于世界的发展。我们肩负着同一个任务：不是一枚硬币的正反面，而仅有一面。”

The young science stars Wang and Shen, as you might expect, have an even more universal perspective. At BGI, where a bold attitude is valued and the idea of Chinese scientists as followers instead of leaders is considered outdated, Wang advises learning to work in English, and aiming high. "Pick the best and most high-impact projects, select the best team, and be collaborative and creative. Dare to say and do what you think is most important. Students should not be shy." 

可能如你所料，年轻的科学新秀王和沈有着更一般性地观点。华大基因很看重大胆的态度，中国科学家仅为追随者而非主导者的思想被认为是过时的，王建议学会在工作中使用英语，而且要立志高远。“选择最好、最有影响力的项目，最好的团队，通力合作，勇于创新。大胆去说、去做你认为最重要的事。做学生不应该羞涩。”

At Tsinghua University, Shen looks back on her first year back in Beijing and remains bullish on Chinese science. So far, she has found the system to be more fair and honest than she expected from media descriptions. She still encourages students to go abroad at some point, though, just to have the experience. Her advice to young researchers—"Don't stay in one place"—could just as easily be given to her international colleagues, who are increasingly being invited to follow the rising star of Chinese science. At GUCAS, Chen encourages visitors to come to China , not just to exchange scientific ideas, but also for the cultural opportunities and personal experience. He says, "Just as we go to the U.S. and other countries, we want researchers and students from all over the world to come here."

清华大学的沈回顾着回到北京的第一年，她对中国科学仍然充满信心。到目前为止，她发现体制比媒体描述在她心中形成的观念更公平、更可靠。从获取经验方面，她仍鼓励学生留学。她对年轻研究人员“不要固守一处”的建议，可以同样轻易地给予她的国际同事，他们也越来越多地受邀加入这位中国科学的后起之秀。在中国科学院研究生院，沈鼓励参观者来中国，除进行科学思想交流外，还可以获得文化机遇和个人经验。他说，“我们希望研究人员和学生从世界各地来到这里，就像我们去美国和其他国家一样。”