哭过就好了 梁文音:词语辨析:when,?while和as区别详解

来源:百度文库 编辑:偶看新闻 时间:2024/05/05 13:34:01


词语辨析:when, while和as区别详解

时间:2011-08-15 16:32:35 来源:高考英语网 编辑:Daisy  测测英语水平如何 | 每天三分钟英语轻松学


[网页划词已开启] | 收藏
 评论  打印 字号: 大 | 中 | 小  挑生词:请选择等级中考英语高考英语大学四级大学六级BEC专业四级专业八级考研英语MBA英语雅思托福GRE
 


 when, while, as区别详解 

一、根据从句动作的持续性来区分
 1. “主短从长”型:即主句是一个短暂性的动作,而从句是一个持续性动作,此时三者都可用。如:
 Jim hurt his arm while [when, as] he was playing tennis.吉姆打网球时把手臂扭了。
 As [When, While] she was waiting for the train, she became very impatient.她在等火车时,变得很不耐烦。
 注意:as用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在……期间”时,其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作(action)和发展(development)意味的动词,一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词(如be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have等),所以下面一句中的while不能换为as:
 A:I'm going to the post office.我要去邮局。
 B:While you are there, can you get me some stamps?当你在邮局时,能帮我买几张邮票吗?
 2. “主长从长”型:即主句和从句为两个同时进行的动作或存在的状态,且强调主句动作或状态延续到从句所指的整个时间,此时通常要用while。如:
 I always listen to the radio while I'm driving.我总是一边开车一边听收音机。
 He didn't ask me in; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message.他没有让我进去,他只顾看那张条子,让我站在门口等着。
 但是,若主句和从句所表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边……一边”之意时,则习惯上要用as。如:
 He swung his arms as he walked.他走路时摆动着手臂。
 I couldn't remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along.我想不出有什么故事可给孩子讲了,只好现编现讲。
 3. “主长从短”型:即主句是一个持续性动作,而从句是一个短暂性动作,此时可以用as或when,但不能用while。如:
 It was raining hard when [as] we arrived.我们到达时正下着大雨。
 When [As] he came in, I was listening to the radio.他进来时,我在听收音机。
 
二、根据主句与从句动作是否同时发生来区分
 1. 若主句与从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作,含有类似汉语“一……就”的意思,英语一般要用as (也可用when)。如:
 The ice cracked as[when]I stepped onto it.我一踩冰就裂了。
 He jumped to his feet as the boss came in.老板一进来他立刻站了起来。
 但是,在hardly [scarcely]…when…句式中,不能将when换成as。如:
 Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain.我们刚一到就下起雨来了。
 2. 若主句与从句表示的是两个几乎同时发生的短暂性动作,含有类似汉语“刚要……就”“正要……却”的意思,英语一般要用as(也可用when),且此时通常连用副词just。如:
 I caught him just when [as] he was leaving the building.他正要离开大楼的时候,我把他截住了。
 Just as [when] the two men were leaving, a message arrived.就在这两个人要离开的时候,突然有了消息。
 
三、根据是否具有伴随变化来区分
 若要表示主句动作伴随从句动作同时发展变化,有类似汉语“随着”的意思,英语习惯上要用as,而不用when或while。如:
 The room grew colder as the fire burnt down.随着炉火逐渐减弱,房间越来越冷。
 As time goes by my memory seems to get worse.随着时间的流逝,我的记忆力似乎越来越差。
 注:若不是引导从句,而是引出一个短语,则用with,不用as。如:
 With winter coming on, it's time to buy warm clothes.随着冬天到来,该买暖和衣裳了。
 The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset.随着太阳下落,影子也逐渐伸长。

来源:http://u.kekenet.com/gaokao/201108/149043.shtml