广州灵川饲料招聘:九年级上册单词巧记+句型语法剖析 Unit 10 By the time I got outside the bus had already left

九年级上册单词巧记+句型语法剖析

Unit 10 By the time I got outside the bus hadalready left

单词·巧记·典句·考点 

【巧记提示】 rush(奔)→rubbish（垃圾）

【经典例句】 The children rushed out of the school gate afterschool.

放学后，孩子们争先恐后得跑出学校大门。

我的记忆卡

rushaway (off/out）to do sth.冲出去做某事

rushsth.through匆忙处理

rushsb.使某人仓促行动

【活学活用】1.找出左边词组的释义

1）rush sth.through　　　　　　　　a.busy hours,usually crowded

2）rush sb.　　　　　　　　　　　b.handlesth.quickly

3）rush hours　　　　　　　　　　c.makesb.hurry to do sth.

答案：1）b　2）c　3）a

【巧记提示】 lock(锁）→clock (闹钟)

【经典例句】 Lock the stable door after the horse hasbeen stolen.亡羊补牢。

【考点聚焦】 1）词组 lock sb.in (out）意思是“把某人锁在里面（外面）”。如：

Afterthe quarrel,she locked herself in the room and her husband out.

争吵后，她把自己锁在房间里，把她丈夫锁在外面。

2）keep sth.locked 意思是“使某物一直锁着”。如：

Youmust keep the box locked.

你必须让这个箱子一直是锁着的。

3）put sth.under lock and key意为“妥善保管某物”。如：

Youmust put this document under luck and key.

你必须妥善保管这份文件。

【巧记提示】 fool （愚弄）→tool （工具）

【经典例句】 If you go on fooling with that gun,there will be anaccident.

如果你继续玩弄那枪，就会发生意外。

【考点聚焦】 1）fool可以作动词使用。如：

Hefooled her out her money.他骗走了她的钱。

2）fool作名词时，是“愚人、呆子”的意思。如：

makea fool of sb.愚弄某人，an April fool 一个愚人节被愚弄的人

3)其形容词形式是 foolish，意思是“愚蠢的”。如：

Howfoolish of you to do that.做那件事情你真傻。

【活学活用】 2.用fool的适当形式填空

Everyoneis not　　　　.So don’t try to　　　　anyone.

答案：foolish,fool

【巧记提示】 de（down）+scribe（写）

【经典例句】 Words can not describe the beauty of the scene.

这美景无法用语言描述。

【考点聚焦】 固定搭配：

1）describe sth.for(to）sb.将某事描述给某人

Canyou describe it for me?你能把它描述给我听吗？

2）describe as 说（某人或某物）有某种性质

Hedescribed himself as a doctor.他称他自己是个医生。

【活学活用】 3.（2010连云港模拟）The US describes itself　　　　the Savior(救世主).

A.as                     B.for                       C.in                     D.with

答案：A 

【巧记提示】 con（加强语气）+vince（克服；征服）

【经典例句】 I’m convinced of his honesty.我深信他的诚实。

【考点聚焦】 1）掌握词组convince sb.of 使某人相信

Wecouldn’t convince him of his mistake.

我们无法使他明白他的错误。

2）其形容词形式是convincing，意思是“令人信服的”。如：

Hiswords are convincing.他的话令人信服。

【巧记提示】 marry （结婚）→Mary （玛丽）

【经典例句】 She dreamed to marry off all her daughters.

她梦想把她的女儿都嫁出去。

【考点聚焦】 1)“嫁给某人；娶了某人”用 marry sb.来表示，一定记住不需要加 to。

2)固定搭配get married 结婚；marry with跟某人结婚。

【巧记提示】 thrill（激动）→chill （打颤）

【经典例句】 The film thrilled the audience.

电影给观众带来很大刺激。

【考点聚焦】 1）形容词thrilling意思是“刺激的”。如：

Therewas a thrilling finish to the end.最后一段，非常紧张刺激。

2）thrill也可用作名词，意为 “激动”。如：

Itgave her quite a thrill to shake hands with the princess.

同公主握手使她倍感兴奋。

【活学活用】 4.用thrilled,thrilling填空

I’m　　　　at the　　　　news.

答案：thrilled，thrilling

【巧记提示】 embarrass （v.使为难 ）+-ing（形容词后缀）

【经典例句】 Lending money is anembarrassing problem.

借给别人钱是个令人为难的问题。

【考点聚焦】 记住embarrassed与embarrassing的区别：

embarrassed形容人的感受，embarrassing修饰事情。如：

Hisembarrassing words made everyone embarrassed.

他那令人窘迫的话使每个人都感到窘迫。

Hestays embarrassed by lack of money.他因缺钱而窘迫。

短语·巧记·典句·考点 

go off （闹钟）响 

【经典例句】 He kept lying in bed in spiteof the going off of the clock.

尽管闹钟响了，他仍然躺在床上。

【考点聚焦】 记住go off的其他意思：

1）表示“枪支走火”。如：

Thegun went off by accident.这枪走火了。

2）表示“食物变质”。如：

Thefood has started to go off.食物开始变质。

3）表示“晕迷”。如：

Shewent off into a faint.她昏倒晕迷过去。

4）表示“货物卖完”。如：

Thegoods went off quickly.货物很快就卖完了。

【活学活用】 5.判断下列各句中go off的意思

1）Sorry,the clothes you want have　gone off.

2）In summer,meat is easy to go off.

3）Listen! The clock is going off.

答案： 1）卖完　2）变质　3）闹响

break down 损坏；坏掉

【经典例句】 What was worse,my car broke down.

更糟糕的是，我的车抛锚了。

【考点聚焦】 掌握break down的其他含义和用法：

1）表示“计划失败”。如：

Ourplan broke down.我们的计划失败了。

2)表示“身体、精神衰弱”。如：

Hishealth broke down.他的身体衰弱了。

3)表示“情绪失控”。如：

Shebroke down when she heard the bad news.

她听了那个消息大哭起来。

4）表示“机器坏掉，坏毛病”。如：

Therewas a breakdown on the railway and the trains were delayed.

铁轨出了毛病，火车延误了。

【活学活用】 6.（2010宁夏模拟）His health　　　　　.

A.turned down                                    B.broke down

C.fell down                                        D.came down

答案:B

set off 激起；引起

【经典例句】 Panic set off across the whole country.

整个国家陷入恐慌中。

【考点聚焦】 词组set off还有“出发”之意。如：

Theyset off on a rainy night.

在一个下着雨的晚上，他们出发了。

show up 出席；露面

【经典例句】 She never show up at balls.她从不在舞会上露面。

【考点聚焦】 请注意show 作动词，意为“出示”时的使用。如：

Pleaseshow me your tickets.请把你的票给我看看。

句子·剖析·拓展 

In 1938,a radio program by actor OrsonWelles announced that aliens from marts had landed on the Earth.

1938年，演员奥森·韦尔斯主持的一个收音机节目宣称，来自火星的外星人已经在地球上登陆。

【剖析】 1）这是一个宾语从句，主句是a radio program by actor Orson Wellesannounced。从句是that aliens from marts hadlanded on the Earth.

2）介词短语by actor Orson Welles作定语，限定前面的a radio program。

He described where they had landed andtold how they were moving across the United States.

他描述了外星人登陆的地方，并告诉人们，外星人将在美国如何移动。

【剖析】 1)这是一个含有两个宾语从句的句子，两个宾语从句的主句的主语都是He。

2）第一个宾语从句的主句是He described，从句是where they had landed；

第二个宾语从句的主句是He told,从句是how they were moving across the UnitedStates。

语法·剖析

过去完成时态

　　过去完成时态表示在过去某一时间以前已经发生了的动作，即发生在“过去的过去”。

构成

过去完成时由“助动词had（通用于各种人称和数）+过去分词构成。

用法

过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。主要表示过去某时前已发生的动作或情况（也可说是“过去的过去”）。与by、before等构成的短语连用。

陈述句

主语+助动词had (通用于各种人称和数)＋过去分词

They had already had breakfast beforethey arrived at the hotel.

在他们到达旅馆之前，他们已经吃早饭了。

从句中arrived at到达在“过去”的时间，而had already had吃早饭的动作发生在到达之前，因此主句的时态为“过去的过去”。如：

I had finished writing my composition by10:00 this morning.

今天上午10：00点以前，我已经写完了我的作文。

She had searched the Internet for twohours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera.

当她找到了佳能数码照相机的广告时，她已经在因特网上查询了两个小时。

I went over what I had written again andagain so that I wouldn’t make any mistakes.

我一遍又一遍地检查了我所写的内容，以至我没有出现任何错误。

否定句

主语+助动词had (通用于各种人称和数)+not＋过去分词

He said that he had not seen such abeautiful bird before.

他说他以前从来没有看过这样美丽的鸟。

疑问句

助动词had (通用于各种人称和数)+主语＋过去分词？

How many English flushed had you seen bythe end of last term?

到上学期期末为止，你们看了多少部英文片？

Had you reached the station before teno’clock?

到十点以前，你们已经到达火车站了吗？

注：如果时间状语从句的动作发生在前，则从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时。如：

When he had finished his work,he left hisoffice.

After I had done my homework,I went tobed.

巧学过去时

过去完成时态不算难

形式要向完成时态看

Have变成had不怠慢

断定过去之前是关键

典题精讲　　

（2010陕西）Dolphinsare not fish.They are mammals(哺乳动物).They live in groups andspeak to each other in their own language.But they are quite different fromalmost all land animals.Their brain(大脑）is as big as men’s and theylive a long life—at least 20 or 30 years.

Like some animals,dolphins use sounds tohelp them find their way around.They also use these sounds to talk to eachother and to help them find food.They do not use their ears to receivesounds,but use the jaw—the lower part of the mouth.

It is strange that dolphins are friendlyto men,and for thousands of years,there are many stories about　dolphins and men.In the 19th century,in adangerous part of the sea near New Zealand,there was a dolphin.Theseamen liked him very much and gave him avery good name Jack.From 1871 to 1903,Jack met every boat in the area andshowed it the way.In 1903 a passenger on a boat with the namePenguin shot and hurt Jack.Luckily the dolphin didn’t die,and after a long timehe was well again.He guided the ships through the area for nine more years,buthe refused to help the boat The Penguin.

Today,some people still kill dolphins,butmany countries in the world now protect them.In these places, people are notallowed to kill them.

例1　The word “jaw” in the second paragraphmeans　　　　in Chinese.

A.下颚                 B.嘴巴                 C.嘴唇                    D.鼻子

思路解析：本题是词义推测题。根据文中对jaw的解释—the lower part of the mouth可判断出只有A项含有“下”(lower)的意义。故不能选B、C、D项。答案为A项。

黑色陷井：本题有一处陷阱，即对jaw—the lower part of themouth意义的正确理解。给考生造成干扰，从而误选B或C项。

例2How do dolphins find theirway?

A.Theyuse their noses to smell the way.

B.Theyuse their ears to hear the sounds.

C.Theyuse their eyes to see the way.

D.Theyuse sounds to find the way.

思路解析：本题是细节理解题。此题题意是问“海豚是怎样探路的？”。根据文中 “...dolphins use sounds tohelp them find their way around.”的信息可知答案为D项。故不能选A、B、C项。

黑色陷井：本题的陷阱有二。一是在于我们所熟悉的动物探路的方式：A(蚂蚁的探路方式)，B(多种动物的探路方式)，C(人的方式)，这些方式给考生造成“先入为主”的干扰，从而误选A、B或C项；二是选项B对正确答案的干扰，文中并没有具体说明是用耳朵探路。

例3　Who was Jack?

A.The writer.                                      B.A dolphin.

C.A seaman.                                       D.The passenger.

思路解析：本题也是细节理解题。此题题意是问“杰克是谁？”。根据文中的信息“...there was a dolphin.Theseamen liked him very much and gave him a very good name Jack.”可知The dolphin is Jack.故不能选A、C、D项。答案为B项。

绿色通道：在阅读文章时，不仅要注意有整体把握和理解文章主旨大意的能力，还要注意培养善于捕捉细节信息的能力。因此在阅读测试中，细节题占了相当一部分。

例4　The dolphin guided the ships for about　　　　.

A.32 years                                          B.9 years

C.41 years                                          D.23 years

思路解析：本题是数字换算题。本题的考点是“杰克为轮船导航多少年？”。从文中“From 1871 to 1903,Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way.”和“He guided the ships through the area fornine more years”这两句及其他信息，我们可换算出32+9=41。故答案为C项。

绿色通道：此类问题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准要比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。通常采用的方法有“列表法”“推算法”等。

例5　According to the passage,which of thefollowing is NOT right?

A.Dolphinsare not fish.

B.Dolphinsdon’t live in groups.

C.Dolphinsare kind and friendly to people.

D.Dolphinscan live a long life.

思路解析：本题是依据细节的推理判断题。短文的第一句就说明了A项是正确的；第二句说明B项是不正确的；从整篇短文我们可以推断出C项是正确的；从句子“Their brain is as big as men’s and theylive a long life —at least 20 or 30 years.”所包含的信息可知D项也是正确的，故不能选A、C、D项。答案为B项。

黑色陷井：本题有二处陷阱。一是所问问题的理解。有的考生没有认真审题，忽视NOT这个单词，从而误选了A、C、D项中的一项。二是受句子“...but he refused to help theboat The Penguin.”的误导、干扰，从而误选C项。

原创题

阅读下列文章，然后根据释义写出合适的单词。

Birdflu bigger challenge than AIDS

The lethal(致命的)strain of bird flu poses agreater challenge to the world than any infectious(有传染性的)disease,including AIDS,and has cost 300million farmers more than $10 billion in its spread through poultry（家禽）around　the world,the World Health Organization said Monday.

Scientists also are increasingly worriedthat the H5N1 strain could mutate(变异) into a form easily passedbetweenhumans,triggering(触发)a global pandemic(大疫).It already is unprecedented as ananimal illness in its rapid expansion.

1.illness,sickness       

2.fast,quick        

3.beingperson         

4.aroundthe world         

5.farmyardbirds of any kind,such as hens,ducks,etc.        

6.beastcreature         

参考答案:1.disease　2.rapid　3.human　4.global　5.poultry　6.animal

思路解析：根据原文中的“The lethal(致命的)strain of bird flu poses a greaterchallenge to the world than any infectious(有传染性的)”可知disease为illness,sickness；人们通过各种媒体对“禽流感”并不陌生，因此结合常识，根据上下文可知“禽流感”是一种传播非常快的疾病，所以fast,quick对应的单词应是rapid；being person对应的单词应是humans；around the world对应的单词应是global；farmyard birds of anykind,such as hens,ducks,etc.是poultry的英语释义；beast creature是animal的英语释义。

绿色通道：猜测词汇意义是一种重要的阅读能力。那么如何在阅读中准确了解词汇意义呢？第一要根据文章的上下文，即语境来进行判断。众所周知，词汇意义不可能脱离句子，脱离文章而存在。第二要根据构词法知识，即派生、转化和合成来猜测词汇意义。第三充分利用文中的关键词汇或短语，如for example,suchas,namely,that is to say,means等去猜测词汇意义。另外，要特别注意用英语去理解词汇的意义，切忌受汉语的影响。当然，真正具备这种能力需要大量的阅读训练和不断的积累、总结和概括。

巧学法园地

巧记动词后加的不定式不带to的词

四看(notice，observe，see，watch)，

三使役(have，let，make)，

二听(hear，listen to)，

一感觉(feel)。