研究生怎么翻译:《應用英文》美國圖書館概觀(二)

依多年前的估計，美國圖書館在購買設備上每年花上50億美元，三分之一用在大型圖書館。今天這個數字可能更高。

Two major classification systems are used in U.S. libraries: Dewey Decimal classification (DDC) and Library of Congress classification (LC). Generally speaking, academic libraries use LC system unless they have traditionally used DDC and they do not wish to change.

美國圖書館有兩大分類系統：杜威十進分類法和國會圖書館分類法。一般來說，學術圖書館 LC系統，除非他們傳統上使用DDC而不願更改。(DDC也有人只稱DC)

A presidential library has been established for every U.S. President after his term of office expires.

每一位美國總統任職期滿後，都建立一座總統圖書館。

Librarians should get more respect that they deserve because they are the guides and gatekeepers for human culture and knowledge.

圖書館專業人員應該受到更多他們應得的尊重，因為他們是人類文明和知識的嚮導和守門人。

Many Americans feel that librarians know a lot more about information than many other specialists.

許多老美認為圖書館專業人員對資訊所懂的遠超過許多其他的專家。

Unfortunately, the idea of being a librarian sometimes still conjures up shelving books and checking

books in and out as a stereotypical image.

令人遺憾的是，有時人們對圖書館專業人員職務的刻板形象，仍停留在把書放在書架上和借書與還書的差事。(to conjure up想起)

As wonderful as all electronic devices are, to some people, there still seems no substitute for the

feeling they get while opening a book. Therefore, books will not be completely obsolete.

電子設備即使非常奇妙，但對有些人來說，似乎無法替代他們打開一本書那種感覺，所以書不會全被淘汰。

Americans realize that the advent of computers has changed the way libraries work. Some libraries have gone bookless, providing electronic access for library users. But they should ask what happens if the computers go out in a power outage?

老美體會到電腦的出現改變了圖書館運作方式。有些圖書館已經沒有書，而是提供電子的管道，但是他們要問：假如電腦沒有電，又要怎樣呢?

Special libraries are so called because they specialize in certain subjects such as health science, chemistry, mathematics or geology, etc. For example, the Tolger Shakespeare Library in Washington D.C. mainly deals with Shakespearian subjects.

所謂特殊圖書館是因為它們專於某些像保健科學、化學、數學或地質學等專門主科。例如，在華府的Tolger 莎翁圖書館就是主要研討莎翁科題。

Carl Sagan said: “The health of our civilization and the depth of our culture and our concern for the future can all be tested by how well we support our libraries.”

美國作家Sagan說 :「我們文明的健康，文化的深度，以及我們對未來的關心，都能以我們支持圖書館的程度來驗證。」

(2)國會圖書館和學術圖書館(Library of Congress and academic libraries):

(a)國會圖書館:

Thomas Jefferson, the third U.S. President, donated his personal collection of 7,000 books to the U.S. government as the base of Library of Congress (LC). Many Americans feel that LC is one of the most important foundations of American civilization.

美國第三任總統傑佛遜捐給美國政府他私有的7000本書，作為國會圖書館的基數。許多老美認為國會圖書館是美國文明最重要基礎之一。

The Library of Congress is generally considered as the largest library in the world, providing over 200 million items, one third of which is in English, including even the smallest book,“Old King Cole” 1/25 inch, read by microscope, and the largest book, “Birds of America” 39.37 inch tall.

國會圖書館通常被認為是世界上最大圖書館，它擁有兩億以上的細目，三分之一是英語，包括最小書叫Old King Cole，只有1/25英寸，要用顯微鏡閱讀，最大的書叫Birds of America ，有 39.37英寸高。

The post of Librarian of Congress is one of the leading intellectual public positions appointed by the U.S. President.

國會圖書館館長是一個由美國總統任命的學術界重要公職之一。

Many years ago, LC annual operating budget was 360 million U.S. dollars. It hired over 5,000 employees, including many scholars and Ph.Ds as specialists or catalogers in different languages and subjects, serving at least two million people annually. The current figures could be far more than that.

多年前，國會圖書館每年業務上的預算是3億6000萬美元，它聘請5000位以上員工，包括許多學者和博士，擔任不同語言和主科領域的專職和編目工作，每年至少為兩百萬人服務，目前數字可能更高。

According to a previous report, almost 400 LC professional catalogers have classified and cataloged 240,000 books and serial titles every year, saving about 380 million U.S. dollars in cataloging costs for other U.S. libraries. The current figures are almost certainly higher.

根據過去一項統計，國會圖書館400名專業編目人員，每年分類編目24萬冊書和期刊，節省其他美國圖書館編目費用約3億8000萬美元。目前數字幾乎確定更高。

(未完待續)