阿拉伯数字教案:【原创】有关自行车的英文表达(图) - Khubilai的日志 - 网易博客
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【原创】英语 2009-06-25 21:44:57
【原创】有关自行车的英文表达(图)
Khubilai
2009/06/25
自行车/脚踏车(bicycle/bike/cycle)是踏板驱动的(pedal-driven)人力车(human-powered vehicle),有两个车轮(wheel)和一个车架(frame)。骑(ride)自行车的人(rider)叫cyclist或bicyclist。其数量是汽车/机动车(motorcar/automobile)的两倍。
自行车的用处(use)有很多。具体包括:
- 实用(utility)【这个词也可翻译为公用事业,包括水、电与公交】:自行车通勤(bicycle commuting)【上下班、上下学】、交通(utility cycling)【不包括健身(fitness)、休闲娱乐(recreation)与体育(sport)方面的使用】。
- 工作(work):发送邮件(mail delivery)、 紧急救护(paramedics)、警察(police)与一般送货(general delivery)。
- 休闲娱乐:自行车旅行(bicycle touring)、山地自行车(mountain biking)、自行车越野(BMX/bicycle motorcross)与健身(physical fitness)。
- 比赛(racing):场地自行车(track cycling)、公路赛(criterium/crit)、滚筒训练(roller racing)、计时赛(time trial)以及多阶段比赛(multi-stage event)。
- 军事(military):侦查(scouting)、部队移动(troop movement)、提供给养(supply of provisions)及巡逻(patrol)。
- 表演(show):娱乐与演出(entertainment and performance),例如马戏团小丑(circus clown)。
自行车可以有多种分类。常见的有:
实用自行车(utility bicycle)
山地自行车(mountain bicycle)
比赛自行车(racing bicycle)
旅行自行车(touring bicycle)
混合自行车(hybrid bicycle)
沙滩自行车(beach bicycle/cruiser bicycle)
越野自行车(BMX bicycle)
双人自行车(tandem)
折叠自行车(folding model)
独轮车(unicycle)
三轮车(tricycle)
四轮车(quadracycle)
自行车的结构(construction)与部件(part)有很多。车架(frame)通常为宝石形(diamond frame),即包含两个三角形(triangle)。 女式车没有前横梁(top tube)的车架叫step-through frame。
step-through frame
传动系统(drivetrain)与传动装置(gearing)包括很多部件。例如齿轮(gear)、变速器(derailleur)、链轮(sprocket)等。
derailleur
gears
cassette sprocket
传动系统从踏板(pedal)开始,驱动曲柄(crank),然后用链条(chain)将动力传到后轮(rear wheel),这叫链条驱动传动(chain drive transmission)。
pedal
crank
chain
曲柄上的大齿片/齿环(chainring)驱动链条,然后通过飞轮(rear sprocket/cassette/freewheel)使后轮转动(rotate)。
chainring
freewheel
在方向操纵(steering)方面,车把(handlebar)转动前叉(Fork)与前轮(front wheel)。车把有三种类型:upright handlebar、drop handlebar与straight handlebar/riser bar。
handlebar
upright handlebars
drop handlebars
straight handlebars
在座位(seating)方面,车座(saddle)也有不同类型。
saddle
刹车(brake)有三种:钢圈刹车(rim brake)、轮毂内部刹车(internal hub brake)与碟刹(disc brake)。
rim brake
internal hub brake
disc brake
车轮轴(axle)通过车叉勾爪(dropout)安装在车架和前叉上。
axle
dropout
参考资料:
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_1.JPG
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=bicycle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_commuting
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_cycling
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramedic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_biking
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMX
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criterium
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_rollers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconnaissance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_trial
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruiser_bicycle
http://yubaride.com/Images/transport-bicycle.gif
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_2.jpg
http://www.canadiandesignresource.ca/officialgallery/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/marinoni-adidas.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_3.jpg
http://allaboutbicycle.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/hybrid_bike.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_4.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_5.jpg
http://www.elsewhere.org/journal/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/sears-tandem.jpg
http://www.treehugger.com/buy-green-montague-paratrooper-folding-bike.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_6.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_7.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_8.jpg
http://totalbikefixation.com/800px-Bicycle_diagram-en.svg.png
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_9.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_10.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_11.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_12.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_13.jpg
http://www.bike-parts-direct.co.uk/product_images/1323/thumbs/1/hollowtech-ll-crankset.jpg
http://www.bluoz.com/blog/uploads/ist2_3595646_bicycle_chain_close_up.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_14.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_15.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_16.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_17.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_18.jpg
http://www.doobybrain.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/felt-brougham.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_19.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_20.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_21.jpg
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_22.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropout_(bicycle_part)
http://image9.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2010/05/1120/3167066_23.jpg