肛乳头肥大用什么药:八（下）英语知识讲解2

A．fat 　B．fater   C．fatter    D．fattest
11. Watching TV ________ is bad for your eyes.
A．much too    B．many too  　C．too much    D．to many
二. 用下列词语的正确形式填空
chance　　　 laugh　　　 against　　　organize　　　　leave
1. I am _______ England next week.
2. Everyone _______ his foolish words.
3. Jane _______ the party，and the friends enjoyed themselves.
4. I met him by _______ in the street.
5. No one is _______ this plan.
三. 根据汉语意思，完成下列句子
1. 如果你向他请求，他会帮助你。If you _____ him，he _______ you.
2. 我说那天是星期二，实际上是星期一。
I said it _____ Tuesday，but ______ it was Monday.
3. 为了赶火车，她匆匆做完了她的工作。
________ catch the train，she hurried through her work.
4. 她问那是否够了。   She asked _________ enough.
5. 我们玩得很快乐。  We have ________.
四. 完形填空
There are many words in the English language. You will never 　1　 the meaning of every word in English. When you read, you will often find many 　2　 you do not know. You will not have enough time to 　3　 reading and try to find every new word in a dictionary.
Sometimes you can 　4　 a new word because you know some of the parts of the new word. For example，if a word ends 　5　 the letters “er”，that word 　6　 be the name of a 　7　 or a thing that does a certain action（某个动作）. A writer is a person who writes. 　8　 it is not 　9　 to know the parts of a new word to understand it，　10　 it will help you many times.
1. A．know 　　 　　 B．learn　　　　　　 C．find 　　 　D．look up
2. A．books　　 　　 B．letters　　　　　 C．stories　　 D．words
3. A．stop　　　　　 B．enjoy　　　　　　 C．keep　　　　D．start
4. A．find　 　　 　 B．get　　　　　　　C．study　　   D．guess
5. A．in　　 　　　　B．off　　　　　　　 C．up　　　　  D．by
6. A．can　 　　 　　B．might（可能）　　 C．should　　　D．must
7. A．friend 　　 　 B．boy 　　　　 　　C．person　　  D．girl
8. A．Then　　　 　　B．Now　　　　　　　C．Yet　　　　 D．Sometimes
9. A．helpful　　 　 B．useful　　　　　C．enough　　 　 　　D．good
10. A．but　　　　　 B．and 　　　　　　 C．so　　　　　　　　D．for
五. 阅读理解
Mr White and his wife wanted to paint(油漆) the outside of their house. To save(节省) money they wanted to do it themselves. On Saturday morning they bought some paint and two brushes(刷子). They began that afternoon with the back of the house. The next Saturday Mr White went to a football match(比赛) but his wife painted the front of the house. On Sunday they found they couldn't open any of the front windows. They got them all open in the end. But they broke three of the seven. They were very dear to mend. Next time when they want to save money they'Il certainly ask somebody to do the work.
l. Mr White wanted to paint ________.
A. the front of the house 　B. the back of the house
C. the front windows 　　　D. the outside of the house
2. They wanted to do the work themselves because ________.
A. the windows were very easy to breakB. the windows were very hard to open
C. nobody could do this work well  D. they didn't want to give more money
3. The work lasted for about ________.
A. two days 　B. less than a week  C. three days 　　D. more than a week
4. They have to ask somebody to mend the ______ windows.
A. three 　　B. four 　C. five 　D. seven
5. Next time they will ask somebody to work for them because       .
A. they want to go to football matches
B. it is no longer an interesting thing for them
C. they have no more paint and brushes
D. they really want to save some money
6. Which is the right order(顺序) for this story?
a. They started with the front of the house.
b. They broke some of the windows.
c. The Whites wanted to paint the house themselves.
d. They began with the back of the house.
e. They bought some paint and brushes.
A. edabc   B. abcde    C. cedab   D. ceadb
参考答案：
一.
1. B　 真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
2. B　 be going to do，will do都可以表示将来的动作，但只有选项B符合There be... 句型要求。
3. D　 different的比较级应该用more。
4. C
5. D　 宾语从句要用陈述语序。
6. C   条件状语从句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
7. C　 be good at doing sth. 擅长做某事。
8. A   take off脱下，后半句说屋里热，所以应该用take off。
9. D   catch up with 赶上。
10. C
11. C
二.
1. leaving     现在进行时表示将来。 2. laughed at  因他的傻话而发笑。
3. organized  4. chance   by chance 偶然。5. against  be against反对。
三.
1. ask，will help
2. was，in fact
3. In order to
4. if that was
5. had a good / great time
四.
1．A　　　　 2．D　　　　 3．A　　　　 4．D　　　　 5．A
6．B　　　　 7．C　　　　 8．D　　　　 9．C　　　　 10．A
五.
1．D　 夫妇俩想油漆房子的外面。
2．D　 他们自己油漆房子是为了省钱。
3．D　 因为他们从上个星期六下午到这个星期六，故一个多星期。
4．A　 有三个窗子破了故要修这三个。
5．D　 他们以后找别人做事，确实是为了省钱，因为他们自己油漆打破了窗子，又叫人来修，而实际花去的钱比原来要多、要贵。故他们明白了请会做的人做，比自己要便宜。
6．C　 整个故事的顺序应该是这样：想自己粉刷房子，买用具、刷后面、刷前面、打破窗子。此题考查你们的阅读能力。解题的关键是要读懂全文，注意前后文之间的联系，易错的是第3题和第5题。
Review of units 1—3
一. 重点词汇
1. as
as作为连词，引导时间状语从句，“当……的时候”，一般用于一般过去时。
例如：
As he explored the sea，he took a lot of pictures. 他在探海时，拍了许多照片。
还可以引导原因状语从句，只说明一般的因果关系，语气比because弱，说明比较明显的原因，它引导的从句通常放在句首，有时也放在句尾。
例如：
As the car is expensive，we can’t buy it.  由于汽车太贵，我们买不起。
As everybody has come，we can set off.  既然大家都到了，我们可以动身了。
as　soon　as　一……就
例如：
As soon as he arrived in France，he called me. 他一到法国，就给我打电话。
as…as…　表示双方程度相等，“和……一样”。
基本句式：
A、主语+谓语（系动词）+as+原级形容词+as…
例如：
Xiao Li is as tall as his brother.  小李和他哥哥一样高。
Your jacket is as new as mine.   你的茄克衫和我的一样新。
B、主语+谓语（行为动词）+as+ 原级副词 +as…
例如：
He speaks French as fluently as you. 他说法语和你说得一样流利。
Wang Ying teaches maths as conscientiously as her sister.王莹教数学和她姐姐一样认真。
2. a few；few；a little；little
few或a few在句中修饰可数名词，后接可数名词复数；也可用来代替复数名词。其中few表示否定，意为“几乎没有”，a few则表示肯定，意为“有一些”。
例如：
Few people lived here many years ago．许多年前几乎没有人住在这儿。
Look！You made a few mistakes in your homework． 看！你在作业中出了几处错。
little或a little在句中修饰或代替不可数名词。其中little表示否定，意为“几乎没有”，a little表示肯定，意为“有一点”。
例如：
—How much wine did he have last night？ 昨天晚上他喝了多少酒？
—Just a little． 只喝了一点点。
Hung up，we have little time left． 快点，我们没有多少时间了。
a little还常用来修饰形容词、副词、动词，也可以修饰形容词或副词的比较级。
例如：
All of them felt a little tired．So they stopped to have a rest．
他们都感到有点累，所以他们停下来休息。
Lucy runs a little faster than I．露茜跑得比我快一点。
3. a little和a bit
a bit和a little通常可互换，也可修饰动词、形容词、副词。但在修饰名词时有区别：a little可直接修饰不可数名词；而a　bit则要与of搭配才能修饰名词。
如：
Please open the windows．It's a bit hot．请把窗户打开，有点热。
This morning he only had a bit of milk for breakfast．今天早上他早餐只喝了一点牛奶。
注意：
not…a little意为“非常、很多、不少”，相当于very或quite等；而not…a bit则表示“一点也不”，相当于not at all等。
例如：
The boy isn't a bit hungry． 那男孩一点也不饿。
The boy isn't a little hungry．那男孩非常饿。
4. besides，except，but
这三个词都可以用来表示转折，但是用法有所区别：
(1)except与besides 用于肯定句时，except意为“除…外(不再有)”；besides意为“除…外(还有)”：
例如：
We all passed the exam besides Tom.  除了汤姆外，我们也都及格了（汤姆也及格了）
注意：
besides在句中的位置较活，可放在句首，亦可放在句中或句末；而except多放在句尾。
(2)except前几乎总有all，any，every，no及其复合词等词，而besides前面可用也可不用，依句意而定：
例如：
He answered all the questions except the last one. 除最后一个问题没答外，其余问题他都答了。
All of them went to Beijing last summer besides Tom.  除了汤姆外，他们去年夏天也都去过北京。
(3)except，but，besides用于否定句时，可以互换。
如：
There aren’t any other people to be considered besides/except/but you.
除你之外，其他人将不予考虑。
I didn’t look anywhere besides/except in your bedroom. 除了你的卧室外，我哪儿也没去找。
(4)but和except都可以和for连用，构成短语；也可跟 that 从句做宾语。
如：
l asked nothing from him but/except that he should write to me every other week．
我只要求他每两周给我写一封信。
You can't succeed in the exam but/except that you will work still harder．
你若不比以前学习更用功些，是不可能考上的。
二. 重点句型
1. There be …
是“某处有某人或某物”的句型表示“存在”，注意：本句型要用就近一致的原则。
另外，There be句型有一些扩展形式：There + live（lie，stand，come，go）＋主语＋其它。
如：
(1)Once upon a time，there lived a king.
(2)There goes the bell.
(3)On the hill（there）stands a house.
注意此句：There will have a class meeting this Thursday afternoon.是错误的。
应将其改为：There will be a class meeting this Thursday afternoon.
对there be句型中的主语提问时，无论主语是单数还是复数都用“What’s + 地点状语？”
如：
There are five apples on the plate.→What’s on the plate?
2. too…to，so…that…和enough to do sth. 的句式在一定的情况下可以互换。
(1)在肯定句中含so … that …的复合句可以转换成含有enough to do sth. 结构的句子。
如：
He worked so hard that he finished the work in time.
→He worked hard enough to finish the work in time.
If your son feels well enough to watch TV by then，he’ll be fine after the game.
→If your son feels so well that he can watch TV by then，he’ll fine after the game.
(2)在具有否定意义的句中，三者可以相互转换，但应注意too…to在和enough to do sth. 与so…that…转换时，应用句中形容词的反义词或将that从句改为否定句。
如：
He is too young to join the army.
→He is so young that he can’t join the army.
或：He isn’t old enough to join the army.
(3)如果so…that…结构中主句和从句的主语不是一致的，应在enough to do sth和too…to结构中的不定式前加上“for sb.（sth.）”的短语。
如：
English is so useful that all of us should learn it well.
→English is useful enough for us to learn well.
The maths problem is so difficult that I can’t work it out.
→The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.
或: The maths problem isn’t easy enough for me to work out.
3. like后既可接动词-ing形式，也可接动词不定式。含意却有所不同。
如：
He likes swimming in Summer.（表示习惯爱好）
It’s very hot. He would like to（have a）swim.
(表示具体的一次行为)：hate等也有类似的用法。
三. 综合检测
Ⅰ. 看图，根据句意将单词填写完整。
1. The new hospital is a big b_ _l_ _ng.
2. Some sc_ _nt_ _ts believe that there will be such robots in the future.
3. They help their mother with the h_ _s_ _ork.
4. We buy a t_ _k_t to get a seat on a bus，train，or airplane.
5. It’s a lovely p_rr_t，isn’t it?
6. There is a big k_t_h_n in the house.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. There is going to ______ a sports meeting in our school next week.
A. be　　  B. have　  C. open　  D. hold
2. ______ I open the window? It’s so warm here.
A. Must　   B. Will　  C. Shall　  D. Would
3. He doesn’t know _____ English because he has studied it for only ______ weeks.
A.  much， a few　  B. little， few　 C. few， a little　 D.  a few，a little
4. －______ is it from our school to Beijing?
－About half an hour’s bus ride. Shall we go and visit it?
A. How long　 B．How often 　C How far　D. How much
5. The sun is _______ from us than the moon.
A. more  father　 B. much farther　　 C. very far　　 D. more  far
6. There _______ a sports meeting in our school next week.
A. will have　　 B. will be　　　 C. will hold　　D. was
7. This film is worth _______.
A. read　 　B. reading　　　 C. seeing　　　　D. to read
8. There are _____ people in the park during holidays.
A. so many　　 B. such many　　C. many too　　 D. many such
Ⅲ. 完形填空
After breakfast I got out my 　1　，I had to do my math homework on Saturday. 　2　 I think we never need to 　3　 math in our daily lives. 　4　 can do all our counting，can't they? I spent the whole 　5　 doing the math exercises. My mother watched me all the time.
At 　6　 I finished all! My mother was pleased. But I said in my heart，“I 　7　 math!”
Soon after 　8　,Mother said,“Wendy，it's already time for you to do your 　9　 homework!”Geography! How I like geography! I like Mr. Tomlinson. He always takes us 　10　 the world in his class. Mr. Tomlinson asked us to plan a trip to Egypt. I made my plan 　11　. It 　12　 me nearly the whole afternoon. Mother was a bit 　13　. She asked，“When will you do your other homework ?”So I had to spend the 　14　 evening not watching TV but 　15　 homework.
1. A. workbook　　B. note　　　 　 C. text　　　 　 D. story
2. A. Though　 　 B. Because　　 　C. But　　　 　 D. So
3. A. learn　　 　 B. teach　　　 　C. study　　　 　D. use
4. A. Parents　 　 B. Computers　 　C. Teachers　　  D. Friends
5. A. evening　  　B. afternoon　　 C. morning　　　 D. night
6. A. last　　 　  B. first　　　 　 C. least　　　　  D. most
7. A. feel like　   B. hate　　　 　 C. love　　　 　  D. like
8. A. lunch　　 　B. breakfast　　  C. dinner　　　   D. supper
9. A. French　　　B. English　　 　C. geography　　  D. maths
10. A. with　　 　B. for　　　 　　C. to　　　 　　 D. around
11. A. fast　　 　 B. carefully　　  C. careless　　   D. quickly
12. A. took　　 　B. spent　　 　　C. cost　　　 　 D. used
13. A. sad　　 　 B. worried　　 　C. happy　　　　 D. angry
14. A. some　　 　B. whole　　　  C. all　　　　　 D. most
15. A. do　　 　　B. to do　　 　　C. doing　　 　  D. did
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
It's eight in the morning. Mr. Robert is free from work. He is now looking through a list of TV programs with his little son Tony.
Channel 2
7: 30 Morning News
14:40 Olympic Games: women's tennis single final
15:30 Arts and Cultures
16:50 Cartoon: Crayon Shinchan
18:20 Olympic Games: men's table tennis double final
Channel 9
9:00 Chinese History
10:30 Cartoon: King Lion
21:15 Traveling in China
22: 30 Olympic Games: special report
Channel 8
9:55 Olympic Games: men's 100-metre race final
11:40 Olympic Games: the Olympic Rings(环)
20:40 TV serials: Sunrise
22:09 Film: Spiderman
23:57 Olympic Gram: men's high jump final
1. Mr. Robert plans to watch TV in the morning and he doesn't show much interest in sports and games. Which channel would he like to choose?_______.
A. Channel 2.　　　　B. Channel 8.    C. Channel 9.　　D. Channel 2 and Channel 9.
2. At night，Mr. Robert wants to know the results of the Olympic Games of the day，he may choose _______.
A. Channel 2，women's tennis single final  B. Channel 2，men's table tennis double final
C. Channel 8，men's high jump final      D. Channel 9，special report
3. Tony likes cartoons very much. But he isn't allowed to watch them in the morning. He has to finish his homework first. So which program can he choose?_______.
A. Crayon Shinchan.　　B. Sunrise.   C. Spiderman.　　D. King Lion.
4. Tony is a basketball fan. What will he feel after reading through the list?_______.
A. Surprised.　  B. Disappointed.    C. Interested.　　　D. Excited.
5. By watching TV today，how many results of the Olympic Games finals can Mr. Robert at least get to know if he would like to?_______.
A. Two.　　　　 B. Three.　　　 C. Four.     D.Five
Ⅴ. 补全对话：
A: Where is Tom?            B: He can’t come to school.
A: What’s __1__ __2__ him?   B: He __3__ __4__ his bike and __5__ himself.
A: Did he hurt __6__?         B: Yes，his left leg __7__ broken.
A: I’m sorry to __8__ that. Did he go to __9__ the doctor?
B: Yes，the doctor told him to stay __10__ bed for two weeks.
参考答案：
Ⅰ. 看图
1. building  2. scientists  3. housework   4. ticket  5. parrot    6. kitchen
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. 此题考查学生句子中的词语搭配。“举行运动会”为hold a sports meeting，但句中有“there”一词，决定要用there be句型，表示“某时有…”，虽然have也有“有”的含义，但它是“(某人/某物)有”故本题答案为A。
2. 此题考查学生对助动词、情态动词的理解。will，shall，would都有征求对方意见之意，语气都很委婉、客气，但它们接的人称代词不同。will，would常接第二人称you，shall接第一人称I和we。故此题答案选C。
3. 此题考查学生对little/ a little，few / a few的理解。a little/ little修饰不可数名词，a few/ few修饰可数名词。而a little，a few表示“有点，少数几个”，在句中有肯定含义；little/ few表示“少数”，“几乎没有”在句中有否定含义。此题中English是不可数名词，weeks是可数名词，所以答案为A。
4. 本题考查疑问词的用法。how long指时间长短，如two days；how often问频率，如three times a day；how much问(不可数)多少；而how far问距离，而本题half an hour’s bus ride指的是距离，故选C。
5. B  much, a little, a bit等可以修饰形容词的比较级。
6. B　同第一题。
7. C　看电影要用动词see，worth doing表示值得做……。
8. A  so表示程度。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
1. A　　从下文“I had to do...”，可看出是拿出练习本。
2. C　　前后有转折关系。
3. D    use表示运用，符合文意。
4. B　　作者认学数学无用，日常生活用不上数学，因为平时有电脑。
5. C　　吃完早饭就做数学作业，可推断是上午。
6. A　　at last 表示“最后”的意思。
7. B　　由上文，可知道作者对数学的态度。
8. A　　上午做数学，中饭后，也就是下午，做地理练习。
9. C　　从下文可知答案。
10. D　 around意为“在……周围”，take sb. around the world的意思是“带领某人周游世界”。
11. B　 从作者对地理的态度，可知他的计划认真。
12. A　 it takes sb. time to do sth.是固定句型，意为“花时间干某事”。
13. B　 从上文可知，妈妈对作者花了整个下午学地理有点担心。
14. B　 the whole=all the，表示“全部的”，“整个的”。
15. C　 but 作介词，后接v-ing分词，和前面not watching连用，意思是“不是……而是……”。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
1. C 　文中说Mr. Robert不喜欢看体育和比赛节目，而上午只有Channel 9 的节目不是体育和比赛，故选C。
2. D 　从这几个晚上的节目来看，只有奥运会特别节目才会报导当天奥运会的结果。
3. A 　细节题。 Tony上午要做作业，看不成动画片，只好下午看Channel 2动画片节目。
4. B 　Tony 是个球迷，而这些节目中没篮球，他当然很失望。
5. C 　细节题。节目表上列出了。
Ⅴ. 补全对话：
1. wrong　 2. with　 3. fell　 4. off　 5. hurt
6. badly　 7. was　　8. hear　 9. see　 10. in
Review of units 4--5
一. 重点词汇短语
1. as well as
as well as同，和，也；既……也……。
如：
John can speak Chinese as well as French.   约翰会说法语，也会说中文。
It is important for you as well as for me.  它不仅对我重要，对你也是一样。
We shall travel by night as well as by day.   我们白天、晚上都要赶路。
as well 在口语中用得很多，用法和 too 完全一样，可以互换，通常位于句末。
如：
She not only sings also plays the piano as well． 她不但会唱歌，而且会弹钢琴。
I can do it as well．  这事我也能做。
2. “see sb. do sth.”意思是“看见某人做过什么”，它强调动作完成了，而“see sb. doing sth.” 意思是“看见某人正在做什么”，它强调动作正在进行。
例如:
I saw him crossing the street.   我看见他正在过马路。
I saw him cross the street.     我看见他过马路了。
I heard him singing in the next room.   我听见他在隔壁唱歌。
I heard him sing in the next room.   我听见他在隔壁唱歌了。
3. worth是一个只能作表语的形容词，意为“值……的”、“相当于……的价值的”。由于它类似介词，须后接名词或动名词（有被动的含义）作宾语。
如：
The used car is still worth $200．  这辆二手车依然值200美元。
Is the exhibition worth a visit／visiting？  这个展览会值得去参观吗？
It's not worth getting angry with him．   犯不着跟他生气。
It isn't worth waiting for him.       不值得等他。
4. when/while
when 既可用于一点时间(从句的谓语动词需用终止性动词)， 也可用于一段时间(从句的动词用延续性动词)， 从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态能同时发生或一先一后分别发生。
例如：
He wants to help people when they are ill.   他想在人们生病时帮助他们。
When he got to Shanghai，the ship had already set off. 他到达上海时，轮船已经开走了。
while只能用于指一段时间(从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的)，从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作只能同时发生， 不能一前一后发生。
例如：
One day while they were working in the fields，some farmers saw something strange in the sky. 有一天，一些农民在田间劳动的时候，看见空中有些奇怪的东西。
While I was reading，my mother was washing clothes.  我读书时，我妈妈在洗衣服。
这两个词还可以用作并列连词。when 是“在那时”或“这时突然”(and just at that time)的意思， 用来连接两个并列分句，有时 when分句前有逗号把前后两个分句分开。
例如：
An Arab was walking alone through the desert when he met two men.
有个阿拉伯人正独自在沙漠里行走，这时他碰见了两个人。
I stayed till sunset，when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太阳下山， 天开始下雨了。
while 意为“而，却”，表示对照关系。
例如：
Instead，he asked his father why he was not able to hatch chickens while hens could.
他反而问他父亲，为什么他不能孵出小鸡，而母鸡却能。
5. instead和instead of
instead是副词，意为“代替”，“顶替”，在句中作状语。
例如：
If you are busy，you may come another day instead． 要是你忙的话，就改日再来吧。
He never studies．Instead，he plays all day and all night． 他不学习，而整日整夜地玩。
instead of是介词短语，表示“代替”的意义时，常常和in place of互换使用，其后常可用名词、代词、动名词；instead of还含有“对比”的意思。
如：
Give me that dictionary instead of this one．把那本字典给我而不是这一本。（代替）
I want to fly to Being instead of taking a train．我想坐飞机去北京不想坐火车去（代替）
This book is dull instead of interesting. 这本书不但无趣，反倒枯燥无味。（对比）
In the morning，we get up early instead of late． 早晨我们起早不起晚。（对比）
6. be good for和be good at
be good for意为“有益于…”，“对…有用”，后面接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式；
be good at意为“在…方面好”，“擅长于”，后面也可接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。
例如：
This medicine is good for fever.  这种药对治疗发烧有效。
This kind of wood is good for making boxes. 这种木料适合用来做箱子。
He is good at English. 他英语学得好。
Tom is good at swimming. 汤姆很会游泳。
7. too…to…意为“太……而不能”，表示否定。
如：
He is too excited to say a word．他激动得一句话也说不出来。
too…not to…意为“太……不能不”，表示肯定。
如：
You are too angry not to say it．你在气愤之下，不免要说出这样的话来。
He is too careful not to have noticed it． 他那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。
This coffee is too hot not to drunk． 咖啡不是太烫，可以喝。
not too…to…意为“并非太…而不能”，表示肯定。
如：
His grandfather is not too old to do so．他祖父并非老到不能做这事。
二. 重点语法
Ⅰ. 直接引语和间接引语
直接引语变间接引语就是写成宾语从句或动词不定式短语，要注意以下几点：
人称变化、时态变化、时间以及地点变化。
在直接引语中
在间接引语中
指示代词
this
these
that
those
时间状语
now
today
yesterday
last week
tomorrow
next year
a few days ago
then
that day
the day before
the week before
the next day
the next year
a few days before
地点状语
here
there
动词时态
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成时
（不变）
过去将来时
动词变化
will/may/can
must
come
bring
would/might/could
had to
go
take
1. 直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，由连词that 引导。
例如：
The teacher said，“ I am very happy to hear the news.”
→The teacher said that he was very happy to hear the news. （注意人称、时态的变化）
2. 直接引语是一般、选择或反问疑问句，变成间接引语，由连词whether或if 引导。
例如：
He asked me，“Are you free tomorrow?”
→He asked me if/whether I was free the next day. （注意人称、时态及时间状语的变化）
3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，由相应的疑问词引导，如who，whom，what，whose，how，when， why，where等。
例如：
Jenny asked me，“ Where is Mary from?”→Jenny asked me where Mary was from.
(注意：间接引语一定要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。)
4. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell，ask，order的宾语。
例如：
“Be careful”，the teacher said.  →The teacher told us to be careful.
My teacher asked me， “ Don’t laugh.”→My teacher asked me not to laugh.
(注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加not)
5. 直接引语是客观事实、永恒真理，变成间接引语时，时态不变。
例如：
They told their son，“The earth goes round the sun.”
→They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
Ⅱ. 现在进行时表示将来的时间
1. 用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词，如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。
如：
We are having fish for dinner.  我们晚饭吃鱼。
We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 后天我们会去另外一个旅馆。
这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。
A: Where are you going?
B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?
A: Yes，I am just coming. Wait for me.
2. 现在进行时表示将来和用be going to 表示将来意思比较接近，但是现在进行时更强调事先已安排好，即将去做的事情， 而be going to 一般只表示打算做某事，有做某事的意图。我们来看两个例子：
如：
She is having a meeting at 9 tomorrow. 她明天早晨9点有个会。
We are leaving for London next week.  我们下周出发去伦敦。
这两个句子里就是用现在进行时表示将来已经安排好要做的事情。
三. 检测练习
Ⅰ. 选词填空。用方框中所给词或词组的适当形式填空，每个词或词组只能使用一次。
old，win，see，how long，with，in，be
1. _____________ the help of our teacher，we've made great progress.
2.“What can _____________ from the space?”“Sorry，I don' t know.”
3. Zhaozhou Bridge is the ________ stone bridge in the world.
4. He has_________________ away for half an hour.
5. I don' t think it easy for us ___________ the football match.
6. The lady ____________ red is going to get married soon.
7.“______________ will the hot weather last?”“I hope not too long.”
Ⅱ. 单项选择。从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。
1. I was reading a newspaper ________ he came in.
A. as soon as　　 B. since 　　C. while 　　D. when
2. Bill isn't here. He's late ______.
A. usually 　B. as usually 　C. so usual 　D. as usual
3. He was ill but _______.
A. refused to leave his office     B. asked for leave    C. asked for help
D. asked his boss for half a day's leave
4. This shirt is so nice，but it _________ too much.
A. pays　 B. costs　C. takes　 D. spends
5. What ＿＿＿ interesting book it is！
A. a　  B. an　 C.  the　 D. /
6. Li Ming is a new student in our class. He _______ here for only a month.
A. has come　　　 B. has been　　　 C. came　　　　 D. was
7. This is a busy street，we see buses ______ all the time.
A. came and went　 B. to come and go　 C. come and go   D. comes and goes
8. While she ______，she cut herself.
A. was cooking　　　B. cooked　　　C. had cooked　　D. cooks
9. --You look tired，Sue.
--Yes. I _______ last night.
A. didn't sleep well　　 B. haven' t slept well  C. hadn't slept well　D. don't sleep well
10. David often gets first in exams，but this time he ________ some of his classmates.
A. fell behind　　　 B. fell down　　　 C. fell over　　　D. fell off
Ⅲ. 阅读理解。根据短文内容，从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。
Chess must be one of the oldest games in the world. An Arab traveler in India in the year 900 wrote that it was place “long ago”. Chess was probably invented in India，and it has been played everywhere from Japan to Europe since 1400. The name“chess”is interesting. When one player is attacking the other's king，he says，in English，“check”. When the king has been caught and cannot move anywhere，he says，“checkmate”. These words come from Persian.“Shah mat”means“the king is dead”. That is when the game is over，and one player has won.
Such an old game changes very slowly. The rules have not always been the same as they are now. For example，at one time the queen could only move one square at a time. Now she is the strongest piece on the board. It could be interesting to know why this has happened! Chess takes time and thought，but it is a game for all kinds of people. You don't have to be a champion(冠军) in order to enjoy it. It is not always played by two people sitting at the same table. The first time the Americans beat the Russians was in a match played by radio. Some of the chess masters are able to play among many people at the same time. The record was when one man played 400 games! It is said that some people play chess by post. This must take chess the slowest game in the world.
1. Which of the following is known to be true?
A. Chess is an old Indian traveling game.   B. Chess is the oldest game in the world.
C. Chess was played in Japan and Europe before 1400.D. Chess was played in India before 900.
2. One player has won the game when ________.
A. he attacks the other player's king     B. he says some Persian words
C. the other player's king can not move anywhere  D. he says “check” to the other player
3. Which of the following is NOT correct?
A. All kinds of people can play chess sitting at the same table.
B. Only two people can play chess sitting at the same table.
C. Some people write to each other playing chess.
D. The Russian lost the game played by radio.
4. According to the old rule of the game _________.
A. the queen was the strongest piece on the board   B. the king had to be attacked all the time
C. the queen could move no more than one square at a time
D. The chess was a game only for the queen
Ⅳ. 完形填空。通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选择能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
It was Monday. Mrs. Smith's dog was 　1　， but there was not any meat in the house. Thinking that there was no 　2　 way，Mrs. Smith took a piece of paper，and wrote the following words 　3　 it:“Give my dog half a pound of meat.”Then she gave the paper to her dog and said: “　4　 this to the butcher(卖肉者)，and he's going to give you your lunch today.”
5　 the piece of paper in its mouth，the dog ran to the butcher's shop. It gave the paper to the butcher. The butcher read it 　6　，recognized(辨认) that it was 　7　 the lady's handwriting and soon did 　8　 he was asked to. The dog was very happy，and ate the meat up at once.
At midday，the dog came to the shop again. It gave the butcher a piece of paper again. After reading it，he gave half a pound of meat 　9　.
The next day，the dog came again just at midday. And as usual，it brought a piece of paper in the mouth. This time，the butcher did not take a look at the paper，and gave the dog
10　 meat，for he had regarded the dog as one of his customers(顾客).
But，the dog came again at four o'clock. And the same thing happened once again，To the butcher's surprise，it came for the third time at six o'clock. The butcher 　11　 puzzled(疑惑). He said to himself，“This is a small dog. Why does Mrs. Smith give it so much meat to eat today?”
Looking 　12　 the piece of paper，he found that there were not any words there.
1. A. hungry　　　 　 B. thirsty　　　　 C. hot　　　　 　  D. ill
2. A. another　　　 　B. other　　　　　 C. others　　　 　 D. the other
3. A. under　　　 　　B. in　　　　　 　C. on　　　　 　　D. above
4. A. Take　　　　 　 B. Bring　　　　  C. Get　　　　 　 D. Carry
5. A. Picking　　　 　B. Having　　　   C. Dropping　　　  D. Holding
6. A. carefully　　　 B. quietly　　　 　  C. slowly　　　 　 D. clearly
7. A. possibly　　　　B. really　　　　　  C. exactly　　　　 D. strongly
8. A. when　　　 　　 B. like　　　　　  C. as　　　　 　　D. after
9. A. too　　　　 　　B. also　　　　 　 C. again　　　　 　D. either
10. A. its　　　　 　 B. his　　　　 　　 C. himself　　　 　D. it
11. A. felt　　　　 　B. turned　　　　　 C. stayed　　　 　 D. kept
12. A. at　　　　 　　B. for　　　　　 　C. into　　　　 　 D. up
Ⅴ. 根据适号内的要求，完成下列句型转换：
1. The baby has four meals a day.（对划线部分提问）
_______ ________ meals a day _______ the baby ______?
2. Linda is watching carefully.（改为感叹句）
_________ _________ _________ _________ watching!
3. The children stopped playing. They saw the teacher coming in.（合并成一个复合句）
The children stopped playing ________ ________ ________ they saw the teacher coming in.
4. Mr Li said something at the meeting.（改为一般疑问句）
_________ Mr Li _________ ________ at the meeting?
5. Mother said，“Don’t go alone at night.”（改为简单句）
Mother told me ________ ________ go alone at night.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 选词填空
1. With　with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下。     2. be seen
3. oldest　比较范围是世界，应该用最高级。      4. been
5. to win　不定式做真正的主语。        6. in　表示状态，穿……衣服。
7. How long
Ⅱ. 单项选择。
1. D　 “我在看报时，他突然走了进来”when相当于just at that time“就在那时”，而那一瞬间正在进行的动作主句用了过去进行时，A，B两项均不合题意，而while一般表示“与……同时”，两个动作在某一时段内同时进行，也不合题意，故选D正确。
2. D　 as usual 像平常一样。
3. A　 ①refuse to do sth. 不肯做某事；　②必须重视句中的并列连词but ，表示转折。
4. B　 “这件衬衣很棒，但是太贵”。pay和spend主语应是人，排除A，D。It takes/ took sb. time to do sth. “花了某人多少时间做某事”，根据上下文，题干中的it指"衬衣"，不会表示为“衬衣花多少时间”，排除C。sth. costs /cost (sb.) money“某物花了（某人）多少钱”，题干部分应理解为“衬衣要花费太多的钱”，选B正确。
5. B　 这是感叹句，因为移到原一般句前面的强调部分中有可数名词book，所以应加冠词，而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。
6. B　 for后于一段时间连用，应该用完成时。
7. C　 see sb / sth. do / doing。
8. A
9. A　 last night暗示用过去时。
10. A　fall behind 落后于……。
Ⅲ. 阅读理解。
1.D　　第一段第二句话表明。
2.C　 “When the king has been caught and cannot move anywhere…” 表明。
3.B　 “It is not always played by two people sitting at the same table.” 表明。
4.C　 “at one time the queen could only move one square at a time” 表明。
Ⅳ. 完形填空
1. A　　2. B　　3. C　　4. A　　 5. D　　 6. A
7. B　　8. C　　9. C　　10. A　　11. A　　12. A
Ⅴ. 句型转换
1. How many，does，have    2. How carefully is Linda    3. as soon as
4. Did，say，anything       5. not to
八年级下学期期中复习（一）
一．重点词汇
1. in the future
in the future意为“将来，一段时间之后的事”；in future意为“今后”，可解释为from now on,如：
The little boy didn’t know what he would do in the future, but he did know that he wouldn’t talk with Bob in future because they had just had a big fight.
小男孩儿不知道将来要做什么，但他的确知道他今后不会再和Bob说话了，因为他们刚打了一架。
2. fall　 （过去式：fell；过去分词：fallen）
fall down　 跌倒,  例如：    He fell down to the ground.
fall in love with　 爱上某人或某物, 例如：  He fell in love with her.
fall into 　掉入, 例如：He fell into the river.
fall onto　跌倒在…之上, 例如： He fell onto the ground from his bike.
fall off　 从…跌落下来, 例如： He fell off his bicycle.
3. talk 的用法
talk about sth.　意思是“谈论某事”, 例如：
Now let’s talk about your homework. 现在我们来谈谈你的作业。
talk with sb. 意思是“和某人交谈”, 例如：
My mother is talking with my English teacher. 我妈妈在和我的英语老师交谈。
talk to sb.意思是“对某人谈”, 例如：
The teacher is talking to the students. 老师在对学生们谈话。
talk over sth.作“讨论某事”解，宾语是代词时须位于副词over之前, 例如：
They talked over the matter at table.他们吃饭时讨论了这个问题。
give a talk意思是“作一个报告”
注意要表示 “告诉某人某事”时，须用tell sb. about sth.这样的结构。
4. argue with sb和discuss
argue 重在就自己的看法、立场提出论证说理，以说服他人。
而 discuss 重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方的成分, 如：
I argued with him for a long time，but he refused to listen to reason.
我和他辩论了好久，但他拒不服理。
The women were discussing hats. 女人们在谈论帽子。
argue的常见搭配有：
argue on / about sth. 就…进行辩论
argue with sb．about sth．就某事与某人一起辩论
5. enough “足够的，充足的”
enough作为形容词放在名词之前，起修饰名词作用，作为副词修饰形容词或副词放置其后，常用于：
be+ adj.+enough to do sth.的句型，意为“足以能……”，如：
She has drunk enough water/water enough. 她已经喝了足够的水。
I'm strong enough for this work. 我够强壮，足以能胜任这项工作。
The boy is not old enough to go to school. 这孩子不够上学的年龄。
He runs fast enough. No one can catch up with him. 他跑得足够的快。没人能赶得上他。
另外，enough前除可用quite外，一般不用修饰；enough作名词用时，表示“足够，充足”，如：
The man never has enough. 这个人永远不知足。
I've had enough，thank you. 我吃饱了，谢谢。
6. find, find out和look for
find表示“找到，认为，觉得”，强调动作的结果。常指找到丢失或忘掉的东西，如：
Jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不着帽子了。
I can't find my book.我找不到我的书。
look for意为“找，寻找”是持续性动词，强调动作，不表示结果，如：
She is looking for her son.她正在找她的儿子。
I’m looking for my watch. 我正在寻找我的手表。
比较：He can’t find his pen.　他找不到他的钢笔了。
--- What are you looking for? 你在干什么？
--- I’m looking for my maths book. I can’t find it. 我正找我的数学书，我找不到了。
find out作经过打听，询问 后搞清楚，弄明白。或指“查明”的动作，“经过调查”发现，查明真相，如：
I can find out the truth of the fact. 我能查出事实的真相。
7. be angry with sb；be angry at sth
（1）表示“对某人生气”，可以说 be/get/become angry with sb.
也可说be/get/become angry at sb.
前者更普遍，后者更侧重于：“对某人的言行生气”。
如：
Mother got angry at（with）me only because I had broken a precious cup．
妈妈对我发火，只是因为我打破了一只贵重的杯子。
I was very（rather）angry at what he said．我对他所说的话非常生气。
（2）表示“因某事生气”，可说be/get/become angry at sth.
也可说be/get/become angry about sth.
如：
He was angry at（about）what I said．他对我所说的感到生气。
She was angry at being kept waiting．她因别人让她久候而生气。
8. on the tree和in the tree
表示“在树上”既可以用on也可以用in，但用的词不一样，所隐含的意思也就不一样：
in the tree通常表示所提物体不是树上长出来的，而是挂在、落在或是停歇在树上，如：
The birds are singing in the trees. 鸟在树上唱歌。
The child is staying in the tree. 小孩呆在树上。
on the tree通常表示所提物体是树上长出来的部分，如：
They are busy picking the apples on the trees. 他们正忙着摘树上的苹果。
There aren’t many oranges on the tree. 这棵树上桔子不多。
9. the same… as 同……一样的
same
adj.　同一的，相同的，如：
Meet me at the same time tomorrow. 明天的这个时间和我见面。
pron. 同样的事物，如：
I would do the same again. 我愿意重做一次。
the same…as 同……一样的，表示与as后的事物很相像，但并不是同一个，如：
Your pen is the same as mine. 你的钢笔和我的一样。
the same … that = one and the same 同……一样的，表示与as后的事物完全一致，完全一样，如：
He was wearing the same shirt (that) he'd on the day before.
他穿的那件衬衫, 是他前一天穿过的同一件衬衫。
I went out the same way (that) I'd got in. 我顺着进来的原路出去了。
10. help with+n. = help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事，如：
He often helps me with my English.= He often helps me to study English.
他经常帮助我学习英语。
11. bored 和boring.
bored 表示被动的含义，例如：
I feel bored about it. 它使我感到乏味。
boring 表示主动的含义，例如：
It is very boring to study English. 学习英语很无聊。
12. surprise 动词“使惊奇”，如：You surprise me! 你吓了我一跳!
(1)surprise 还可以作为名词“惊奇，吃惊”；“可惊的事情, 意外的事情”。作为“令人吃惊的事情，意外的事情”是可数名词，如：
What a surprise! 多么令人吃惊的事!
Don't tell him about the present — it's a surprise.
不要告诉他礼物的事，这是件意想不到的礼物。
(2)surprising 形容词“令人吃惊的”，表示主动的含义，如：
They have heard the surprising news. 他们听到了那惊人的消息。
(3)surprised　 形容词“感到惊讶的”，表示被动的含义，如：
I am surprised at you. 我对你的举动感到诧异。
(4)to one's surprise 使某人非常惊奇的是，如：
To my surprise，I found him sing well. 使我吃惊的是他歌唱得很好。
二. 重点结构
There be 结构变形：在there be结构中还可把be改变从而使得there be结构有了一些改变，具体总结如下：
1. There used/seem/happen/appear to be，如：
There might be snow at night. 晚上可能有雪。
There appeared to be nobody willing to help. 看来没人愿意帮忙。
There used to be a building here. 过去这儿有一座楼房。
There happened to be a man walking by. 碰巧有个人在此经过。
There doesn't seem to be much hope. 好像没有太大的希望。
2. 在there be的be前还可以加上各种情态词，如：
There must be something wrong.　　　　　一定有问题。
There ought not to be so many people.　不应该有这么多的人。
There might still be hope.　　　　　　　可能还有点希望。
3. 特殊的表达方式：
(1)There is no sense in doing.　　　　　　　做某事是没有用的，没有意义的
There is no sense in making him angry.　跟他生气是没有用的。
There in no sense in going alone. 　　　一个人去是没有好处的。
(2)There is no need to do.　　　　　　　　　　　没有必要做某事
There is no need to worry. 　　　　　　　　　没有必要担心。
There is no need to give him so much money. 根本没有必要给他那么多的钱。
(3)There is thought/said/reported to be　人们认为有/据说有/据报道有
There is reported to be a better way to cure cancer.
据报道，找到了一种更好的治疗癌症的方法。
(4)There is no doing（口语）不可能…….
There is no telling when he will be back.　无法知道他什么时候回来。
There is no knowing what he is doing.　　　无法知道他在做什么。
改 错 小 练
下列各句中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。
(　 ) 1. I don't like football and basketball. _______
A　 　B　　　　 　　 C
(　 ) 2. There is not time. I must go now! _______
A　　 　B　　　　　 　　　C
(　 ) 3. “What about bananas?” “I don’t know.” she say. _______
A　　　　　　　 　　B　　　　　  C
(　 ) 4. Uncle Wang likes making things and drink milk. _______
A　　 B　　　　　　 C
(　 ) 5. The boys are play football.　 _______
A　　B　 C
(　 ) 6. Where does Mr. King works? In a factory.　 _______
A　　　　 　　B　　C
(　 ) 7. She likes to cooking a little.　 _______
A　　　　B　　C
(　 ) 8. How many women there are in the room? _______
A　　B　　 　C
(　 ) 9. The old man over there look like his father._______
A　　　 　　B　　　 　C
(　 ) 10. Can you see the bus? Yes, I can see them._______
A　　 B　　 　 C
(　 ) 11. Look at the book and listen at me._______
A　　　　　　　 B　 　 C
(　 ) 12. I am not say it in English._______
A　　 　B　　　 C
(　 ) 13. Mary and I am good friends._______
A　　　　B　　 　C
(　 ) 14. The map in the front wall is old. Buy a new one, please. ______
A　　　　 　　B　　　　　　　　　　C
(　 ) 15. I have an American toy. An American toy is new. _______
A　　　B　　　　C
(　 ) 16. Can you look at the ball under the chair? _______
A　　 　B　　　　　　C
(　 ) 17. She’s pencil is very long. _______
A　　　 　B　　 C
(　 ) 18. Are they their pencil-box? _______
A　 　 B　　 　　C
(　 ) 19. He is my twins brother. _______
A　 B　　 　C
(　) 20. Come there and have a look at the bird._______
A　　　　　　　　B　　　　　　C
(　 ) 21. His brother name is Jack. _______
A　　 　　B　　　C
(　 ) 22. What school is Jack’s friends in ? _______
A　　　　 　B　　C
(　 ) 23. What are those on the table ?　 An apple._______
A　　　 　B　　　　　C
(　 ) 24. Do you know he? _______
A　　　　B　 C
(　 ) 25. Can you give a pen me? ________
A　　 B　　 　C
(　 ) 26. Please look the pictures on the wall._______
A　　　 　　B　　　　　C
(　 ) 27. I think it’s sharpener. _______
A　B　　　C　 　　D
(　 ) 28. Is Han Meimei in home? _______
A　　 　B　　　C　 D
(　 ) 29. Are you in Grade One? Yes, I’m. ________
A　 　B　　 　C　　　　　 　　　D
(　 ) 30. He is Mrs. Read. _______
A　B　 C　 D
(　 ) 31. It’s name is Polly. _______
A 　 B 　 C 　D
(　 ) 32. The students's books on the desk are very nice._______
A　　　　　　　　　B　　　　　　C
(　 ) 33. Look after your shoes. Don't put it here and there._______
A　　　　　　　　 　　　　B　　　　 　　C
(　 ) 34. The boys all are at school now._______
A　　　 　B　　　 　　C
(　 ) 35. Are there some trees in the zoo? _______
A　　　 　B　　　　　C
(　 ) 36. It's time to go to home. _______
A　　 　B　　 C
(　 ) 37. We have lunch on the middle of the day.
A　　 　B　　　　　 　　　　C
(　 ) 38. The boy goes to the bed at 9:30 every night.
A　　　　 　B　　　　　　　 　　　　C
(　 ) 39. It's time to get up, Jack. Don't late for class.
A　　　　　　　　　　　　B　　　 　C
(　 ) 40. There is nothing wrong about your eyes.
A　　　 　　B　　　 　C
答案：
1. C　or　　　　　　　　　　2. B　no　　　　　　　　　　3. C　says
4. C　drinking　　　 　　　5. C　playing　 　　　　　　6. B　work
7. B　cooking　 　　　　　 8. C　are there　　　　　 　9. C　looks
10. C　the buses　　　　 　11. B　listen to　　　　　　12. A　can’t
13.　B　are　 　　　　　　　14. B　on the front wall　 15. C　The American toy
16. B　see　 　　　　　　　 17. A 　Her　　　　　　　　 18. C　pencil-boxes
19. C　 twin brother　 　　20. A　come here　　　　　　21. B　brother’s name
22. B　 are　 　　　　　　　23. C　 Apples　　　　　　　24. C　 him
25. C　 me a pen (a pen to me)　 　　　　　　　　　　　26. A　 look at
27. D　 a sharpener　　　　 28. C　 at home　 　　　　 29. D　 I am
30. A　 She　 　　　　　　 　31. A　 Its　 　　　　　　 32. A　 The students’ books
33. B　 Don’t put them　 　34. B　 are all　　　　　　35. B　 any
36. C　 home　 　　　　　　　37. B　 in　 　　　　　　　38. B　 goes to bed
39. B　 Don’t be late　 　　40. C　 with
八年级下学期期中复习（二）
一．重点词汇
1. different kinds of
意为“不同种类的”，“各种各样的”，等于all kinds of，kinds of 后面接可数或不可数名词均可。
kind有两个词性：
1）kind作名词，意为“种类”。
如：
There are many kinds of animals in the zoo. 动物园里有很多种动物。
2）kind作形容词，意为“和善的，友好的”。
如：
It's very kind of you to help me.　 你帮助我真是太好了。
2. advice
意为“劝告，意见，忠告”等，是不可数名词，前不加冠词。
可用“a piece of advice”，“pieces of advice”的结构来表示数量。
与advice搭配的动词短语有：
ask sb. for advice　　　　向某人征求意见
follow/take sb's advice　遵从某人的劝告
give sb. some advice 　　给某人提出建议
如：
The doctor gave us some advice on how to improve our health.
医生对如何提高我们的身体素质提出了一些建议。
3. 辨析leave和forget
这两个词都有“遗忘，忘记”的意思，但用法不同，注意区别。
1）leave+sth.+sp. 指“把某物遗忘在某地”
如：
I left my notebook in the classroom.  我把笔记本忘在教室里了。
2）forget to do sth.指“忘记去做某事”
forget doing sth. 指“忘记做过某事”
如：
I forget to tell her about it.  我忘了把这件事告诉她。
I forgot telling her about it. 我忘记曾把这件事告诉过她。
4. in hospital
该短语译为“住院”，hospital前面无冠词，表示抽象概念。
而短语“in the hospital”则译为“在医院里”，并非生病住院之意。
在英语中，介词和一些单数名词连用，可以表示抽象概念。
如
at school 　上学　　 go to school　　上学   go to bed 　上床睡觉
in/ out of jail　　坐牢/出狱
5. take a day off
该短语译为“休一天假”。off表示缺席、不在、不工作或责任的免除，如：
You mustn't take a day off just because you want to see a football match.
你不能只是为了想看一场足球赛而休息一天。
I think I will take the afternoon off， because I get sick.
我想我下午要休假，因为我实在是病了。
6. be mad at...“对……非常愤怒，恼火”，如：
They were mad at missing the train.  没赶上火车，他们气得发疯。
mad还可以和其他的介词搭配构成一些短语。
如：
be mad about“对……狂热，着迷”；
go mad “发疯，疯了”。
7. bring...to... “把……带到……来”。其反义词组为“take...to....”，即“把……带到……去”，如：
It is raining heavily outside. Take an umbrella with you.外面正在下雨，随身带把伞吧。
Please bring the long ruler here，and take the short one away. 请拿把长尺子到这儿来，把这把短的带走。
Mum，please bring the English book and the CDs to school. I need them for my English class.
妈妈，请把英语书和CD碟带到学校来。我上英语课时要用的。
8. be supposed to　为“认为必须；认为应该；认为……必要”，如：
Am I supposed to clean all the rooms?  我必须打扫所有的房间吗？
You are supposed to pay the bill by Friday. 你最晚在星期五必须结清这笔账。
9. remind
remind及物动词，意为“提醒，使记起，使想起。”
remind + doing sth.和remind sb. of sth.都可以表示“提醒某人做某事情”
如：
Please remind him closing the window when he goes to school.
他去上学的时候，记得提醒他关窗户。
10. make money　赚钱，挣钱。
make money=earn money　赚钱
如： He makes money by fishing. 他靠打鱼赚钱。
11. hard与 hardly
hard 为副词，意思是“努力地，费力地，辛苦地”, 如：
He works hard.他努力工作。
hardly否定副词，意思为“几乎不”，表示否定含义, 如：
He works hardly. 他几乎不工作。
12. response
相当于answer，reply，但是比这两个词的用法要正式。
常用于词组response to sb./sth.“回复某人或某事”，注意to在这里是介词，它后面要跟名词或代词。
如： I've had no response to his letter. 我还没有给他回信。
13. be good at 和 do well in
这两个词组都意为“擅长……、善于……”；
be good at 侧重于惯常的行为，do well in 侧重于具体的事情，指做某事做得好，但是现在这两个词组用法的区别日益缩小，通常可以互换。
be good at的比较级是be better at，反义词组是be weak in；
do well in 的比较级是do better in，反义词组是do badly in。
如：　I am good at English composition.
You must do well in this test.
二. 重点结构
1. It seems that…是一个固定句型，“看来，似乎是，好像”的意思。相当于“主语+ seem+ to do”， 如果动词不定式为to be ＋ 形容词时，to be往往省略。
如：
It seems that she is very sad. 她似乎很难过。
= She seems (to be) very sad.
It seems that he likes his new job. 他看起来很喜欢他的新工作。
= He seems to like his new job.
It seems that与人称代词连用，意为：“感到好像，觉得似乎”，
如：
It seems to me that it will snow. 我看要下雪。
2. What's wrong (with sb./ sth.)?
What's wrong? 的意思是“怎么啦？”，用于询问发生了一件什么事情，也可以在what's wrong的后面接一介词短语，询问某人或某物出了什么问题。
如：
— What's wrong? 怎么回事？
— I don't know. 我不知道。
— What's wrong with your bike， Jake? 你的自行车怎么啦，Jake？
— It is broken. 我的车坏了。
There is something wrong with his leg. 他的腿出了毛病。
类似的表达方法还有：
What’s the matter (with sb./ sth.)?
What’s the trouble (with sb./ sth.)?
What’s up?
3. It is + adj. / n. + for sb. to do sth.，做某事对某人来说……，在这个句型中真正的主语是动词不定式，也就是to do sth.是真正的主语，而it只是形式主语，如果不强调对某人的影响，可以省略for sb.
如：
It’s very good for you to read more English books. 多读些英语书对你来说是很有益处的。
It is quiet surprising to hear the news. 听到这个消息确实很震惊。
4. If +一般现在时句子，主语+一般将来时。
这是我们初中学习阶段中比较重要的结构，是if引导的条件状语从句。这里最关键的是要注意从句与主句的时态。
如：
If he is ill，he won’t go to school. 如果他生病了，就不会上学了。
练习：
一. 单项选择
1. There’s　_______ with my bike，I hurt myself.
A. wrong something　B. something wrong C. anything wrong　D. wrong anything
2. I'm not sure whether Mrs Susan ____. If she ____，please call me.
A. comes；comes 　B. will come；comes  C. comes；will come 　D. will come；will come
3. It’s nice to go _____ a walk ___ a spring evening.
A. for，on　　　 B. at，on　　　　 C. to，on　　　 　D. to，in
4. Don’t open your books _____ your teacher tells you.
A. until　　　 B. after　　　　 C. when　　　D. then
5. ------English people like drinking tea with sugar and milk.   ------________.
A. So do Chinese people　B. So are we Chinese  C. We like it，too　D. Oh，we don’t
6. We all helped him with his English so he didn’t _______ with his study.
A. fall off　 B. fall down　 C. fall behind　 D. fall over
7. When class began，we stopped ________ to the teacher carefully.
A. listening　B. listen　　C. listens　　D. to listen
二. 词语释义 从A、B、C、D中选出能替代句中划线部分的正确答案。
1. Can you take care of his bike?
A. look at　　　 　B. look for　　　 C. look like　　 D. look after
2. Please ring up Anne this evening.
A. telephone　　 B. go and see　　C. write to　　　 D. find
3. They enjoyed themselves in the park yesterday.
A. worked hard　　 B. had a good time   C. walked fast　　D. helped themselves
4. Not everyone likes sandwiches.
A. Someone doesn’t like　B. No one likes  C. All the people doesn’t like　D. Nobody likes
5. You needn’t send for the doctor. I’m very well now.
A. don’t have to　 B. mustn’t　　　C. aren’t able to　 D. can’t
三. 句型转换，按要求完成句子。(每空一词)
1. She did her homework last night.(改成一般疑问句)
______ she ______ her homework last night?
2. That pen is yours.(改成反意疑问句)
That pen is yours，______ ______？
3. They go to school at seven. (改成否定句)
They _____ ______ to school at seven.
4. She is going to swim this afternoon. (改成特殊疑问句)
________ ______ she going to do this afternoon?
5. He is teaching himself Chinese. (改成复数句)
They ________ teaching ________ Chinese.
四. 用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1. What ＿＿＿＿＿ he ＿＿＿＿＿(talk) about when the teacher came in?
2. ＿＿＿＿＿ you ＿＿＿＿＿(write) to your parents yet?
3. Who ＿＿＿＿＿(win) the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921?
4. Last term，the children ＿＿＿＿＿＿(take) a study trip to New York.
5. ＿＿＿＿＿ you ever ＿＿＿＿＿ (have) any computer classes?
6. “Be quiet. Don't ＿＿＿＿＿＿(laugh) now,” said the teacher.
7. Yangyang says he ＿＿＿＿＿(become) an inventor when he grows up.
8. He ＿＿＿＿＿(get) his things together at four yesterday afternoon.
9. The boy ＿＿＿＿＿(plan) to spend his summer holidays in Tianjin.
10. Mr Wang ＿＿＿＿＿(do) some exercise on Sundays.
五. 阅读理解
Canada has long and cold winters. But people there are not afraid. Ice and snow are just part of their lives.
In the coldest months，people across the country go to snow festivals. Canadians believe that there is a winter king living in an ice palace. To make the king happy，they make snow sculptures(雕像). Canadians are really good at it! Many young people take a snow bath(雪浴) to show that they are not afraid of the cold. They take off all their clothes，then play and dance in the snow!
Other exciting games are skiing，skating，and snow rafting(雪上橡皮艇). For Canadian kids， making snowmen or rooms out of snow are the most fun things to do. To make a snow room，they make a big hill out of snow. Then they scoop out a small room. Inside，a lamp will keep the snow room warm.
Sometimes，heavy snow makes travelling difficult. But Canadians don't worry. They have clever and strong Husky dogs. Usually six to eight dogs work together pulling one sled(雪撬). Dog-sledding is also a popular sport. To make travelling through snow faster，Canadians use snowmobiles. They move as fast as cars，but they are only for brave (勇敢的) people.
1. Canadians are good at ____ according to the passage.
A. celebrating snow festivals   B. taking snow baths   C. playing and dancing in the snow
D. making snow sculptures
2. The underlined(划线的) word scoop means ____.
A. 修建 　   B. 建造　   C. 挖　  D. 维修
3. It's interesting for Canadian children to ____.
A. play and dance in the snow   B. make snowmen or rooms out of snow
C. go skiing                 D. go dog-sledding
4. You see that ice and snow sculptures in Canada are ____.
A. just so-so    B. very small    C. very magnificent(grand)  D. made by a winter king
5. The main idea of the passage is that ____.
A. ice and snow are closely linked(联系) to the lives of Canadians
B. Canadians like sports better than any other country
C. Canadians are brave people
D. Canadians take part in all kinds of snow activities during the long cold winter
参考答案：
一. 1. B　　 2. B　　 3. A　　 4. A　　 5. D　　 6. C　　 7. D
二. 1—5 　D A B A A
三. 1. Did，do　　 2. isn’t. it　 　3. don’t，go　 4. What，is 　5. are，themselves
四. 1. was，talking　2. Have，written　3. won    4. took   5. Have，had
6. laugh   7. will become    8. was getting    9. is planning    10. does
五. 1-5 　D C B C A
八年级期中考试模拟题
一. 单项填空（共25分，每小题1分）
根据句意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1. Timmy goes to school ______ every day. It’s 5 minutes’ walk from his home to school.
A. in a bus　　　　 B. by plane　　　　C. on foot　　　　　D. by boat
2. -- Excuse me，_________ is the nearest bookshop?
-- Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.
A. how　　　　 B. what　　　　C. where　　　 D. who
3. Do you know __________ during the coming summer holiday?
A. what will Tom do　 B. what did Tom do   C. what Tom will do　D. what Tom did
4. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are __________ new words in it.
A. a little　　　B. little　　　　C. a few　　　 D. few
5. -- Don’t you think you should paint the wall?   -- Who would ________?
A. see　　　　 B. look　　　　 C. watch　　　 D. notice
6. My clock doesn’t __________.　Can you mend it for me?
A. use　   B. move　  C. walk　   D. work
7. Your room looks dirty. Will you please _______ it clean?
A. take　   B. make　   C. let　    D. tidy
8. They _______ to see me yesterday evening.
A. will come　  B. comes　  C. are coming　  D. came
9. Which do you like ________，tea，orange or water?
A. good  　B. well　  C. best　   D. better
10. If it _______ tomorrow，I’ll go by car.
A. rain　  B. will rain　  C. rains　  D. would rain
11. When _____ you ______ to Australia? Next Monday.
A. did，fly　  B. will，fly　 C. are，fly　 　D. do，fly
12. We’re moving to a different town ___________.
A. the day before yesterday　 B. last Sunday  C. the day after tomorrow　 D. a week ago
13. Which team ________ the next football match?
A. wins　  B. won　  C. will win　  D. win
14. Her mother told her _________ in bed.
A. not　read　 B. not　to　read　 C. don’t　read　 D. to　not　read
15. You’d　better ________ the cinema by bus.
A. don’t go　 　B. to go 　C. to go to　 D. go to
16. -- Which of her parents is a doctor?　   -- _______ are.
A. Any　 B. Either 　C. Both 　D. Neither
17. Are you _________ your summer holiday next month?
A. going to have　　B. will have　 C. had　　 D. have
18. When class began，we stopped ________ to the teacher carefully.
A. listening　 B. listen　 C. listens　 D. to listen
19. I　_______ to bed until my granny came back home.
A. didn’t go 　B. went　 C. had gone　 D. have gone
20. She dances better than Mary _______.
A. is　　 B. has　  C. does　  D. dance
21. Can you see　_________?
A. what he’s reading 　B. what is he reading   C. what does he read　D. he reads what
22. A bird can ______ but I can’t.
A. flies　   B. flying　    C. flew     D. fly
23. This street is much _________ than that one.
A. straight　 B. straighter 　C. straightest　 D. more straighter
24. Look! The monkeys _________ the tree.
A. climb　B. are climbing　C. is climbing　 D. were climbing
25. Mary usually _______ up at five o’clock.
A. will get   B. got　  C. get　   D. gets
二. 完形填空 （共10分，每小题1分） 根据短文内容选择正确答案
Now machines are 　26　 used all over the world. Why are machines so important and necessary(必要的) 　27　 us? Because they can 　28　 us do things faster and 　29　.
A washing machine helps us to wash clothes. A printing machine(印刷机) helps us to print a lot of books，newspapers，magazine and many 　30　 things 　31　. Bicycles，cars，trains and planes are all machines. They help us to travel faster than 　32　 foot.
The computer is a wonderful machine. It 　33　 not long ago. It 　34　 stores information but also computes numbers millions of times as 　35　 as a scientist does.
Let's study hard and try to use all kinds of machines to build China into a modern country.
26. A. wider 　　　　 B. more wide 　　　　C. widely 　　　　　 D. wide
27. A. with 　　　　　B. of 　　　　　　　 C. for 　　　　　　　D. to
28. A. be helped 　　  B. help　　　　　　　C. helping 　　　　　D. to help
29. A. better 　　　　 B. well 　　　　　　 C. best 　　　　　　 D. good
30. A. others 　　　　 B. the other 　　　　 C. other 　　　　　　D. another
31. A. faster 　　　　 B. quickly 　　　　　 C. slowly 　　　　　 D. quick
32. A. on 　　　　　 B. by 　　　　　　　 C. in 　　　　　　　 D. with
33. A. invents 　　　 B. is invented 　　    C. was invented 　　  D. invented
34. A. not at all 　　  B. not only 　　　　  C. both 　　　　　　 D. either
35. A. quick 　　　　 B. fastest 　　　　　 C. faster 　　　　　  D. fast
三. 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分）
阅读下面对话和短文，根据其内容，从第36—50小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳答案。
（A）
Salesman： $73.07，please.         Peter： What? Show me the receipt.
Salesman： Here it is.
Peter： 　 Look. The price on this shirt is $17. But the receipt says $27.
Salesman： You are right. The receipt is wrong.
Peter： 　 And what is the $5.57 for?
Salesman： That’s for tax（税）.
36. The $5.57 is for the ___________.
A. tax　　　　 B. bags　　　　C. jacket　　　D. shirt
37. When did Peter do shopping?
A. On June 17.　　　　 B. At noon.　　　　 C. On June 25.　　　D. At night.
（B）
China has three economic areas(经济区): eastern China，central China，and western China. Shanxi，Gansu，Qinghai，Xinjiang，Ningxia，Sichuan，Chongqing，Yunnan，Guizhou and Tibet are in western China. It covers 5，385，700 square kilometres，making up 56.4% of Chinese territory(国土) and is home to 230 million people. It is 23% of China's population.
The western area is rich in mineral(矿产) and energy resources(能源) (water，coal，sun energy，and wind power). It also has large grassland，ice and snow resources waiting to be developed. It is home to many wild animals and plants，and it gives us with important medicinal resource.
The Chinese leaders have decided to develop the western area. Jiang Zemin said，“Without development of the western area，how can we modernize the whole country，and how can China become an economic power?”
Since 1949，when the People's Republic of China was founded，it is not the first time for China to develop its western part. China will make its western area a long-term base for economic development and use its rich resources to develop economic power.
38. The territory of western China is _______.
A. as large as that of eastern China　 B. as large as that of central China
C. as large as that of eastern China and central China  D. the largest one of the three areas
39. Do you know why we develop western China?
A. Because the people of western China are rich  B. Because it has 230 million people
C. Because it makes up 56.4% of Chinese territory
D. Because we will modernize the whole country
40.An economic power means _____.
A. a rich and strong country  B. a large country
C. a country with much more population  D. a large country without economic development
41. What is the best advantage(优势) of West China?
A. Its rich resources   B. Animals  C. Plants   D. Its economic power
42. What is the best title for the passage?
A. China-a large country            B. Developing Western China
C. Home to wild animals and plants    D. Rich Western China
（C）
One day James came up to Dick and said，“Look，what I’ve found in Mr. Trotter’s rubbish bin!” It was a piece of paper. On it were test questions for history. “That’s our history paper. I’m sure of it，” said James，“ It’s in Mr. Trotter’s handwriting.” “Yes，I think so.” said Dick. “ I’ll sell the paper for $1 to our classmates.” said James. So in the three days he went round the class and sold the “test paper” to his classmates. James felt happy because he got $40. All the students were sure that these questions would be in the test paper. The questions were quite difficult so they had to work hard at preparing them.
The day for the exam came. Mr. Trotter walked into the classroom. “History test，”he said and then gave out the test paper. Oh dear! It was different from the paper that James had found. None of the questions were the same. None of the students did well. James had to give all their money back to his classmates. Ever since he has never looked in teachers’rubbish bins again.
43. Who wrote the test questions on the paper?
A. Mr. Trotter.　　　 B. James.　　　 C. Dick.　　　 D. The headmaster.
44. In the end，James got _________ from his classmates.
A. $40　　　　　 B. $1　　　　 C. no money　 D. some money
45. Which of the following was true?
A. The question in the paper were quite easy.
B. James never sold the test paper to his classmates.
C. The test paper Mr. Trotter gave out was different from the one James had found.
D. Some students did very well in the history exam.
46. The best title for this passage is __________________.
A. History Test　    B. A Lucky Boy    C. A good way to make money
D. The best way to pass an exam
（D）
Some people remember the things by writing notes to themselves. Then they leave the notes
in obvious(明显的) places，such as on the table or no the floor in the middle of the living
room. I don’t think I like to write notes to myself. Most of the time I lose them or forget
to look at them until it’s too late. I prefer to use an alarm clock(闹钟) to tell me what I
should do. I have ten alarm clocks in my house. They could tell me about things. For example，
if I have to make a telephone call at a certain time，I’ll set an alarm clock to go off a
few minutes early and put the clock by the telephone. Or if I want to watch a certain television programme，I’ll set an alarm clock at the right time and put the clock on top of
the TV set. I can remember almost anything if I use my clocks. However，sometimes an alarm
clock goes off and I don’t know what it means. I always remember setting it，but not why I
set it. If the clock is by the telephone. I know I may have set it to tell me to call someone，
but I can’t be sure. I might have set it to tell myself that somebody was to call me at a
certain time.
47. Some people like to write notes to themselves so that they can __________.
A. leave them in obvious places　B. remember what to do at a certain time
C. watch a certain programme   D. make a phone call at a certain time
48. I don’t like to write notes to myself because __________.
A. they are easy to lose or forget to look at  B. I don’t know where to put them
C. my handwriting is poor    D. it gives me too much trouble
49. I often use _________ to help me remember things.
A. a notebook　 B. a computer   C. telephone calls 　D. alarm clocks
50. In this passage，“go off” means __________.
A. start off　 B. get off   C. go away　 D. make a sudden noise
四. 根据中文提示和图画，完成下面的电了邮件，每空不限填1词
假设你是Mary，你的朋友Rose想从北京到你居住的海滨市来旅游。下面是一张示意图和你给她发的E-mail (电子邮件)，告诉她怎样到你家，并且告诉她每天都能步行到海滨玩。请把邮件补充完整。
Dear Rose，
I'm very glad you are coming to visit me. Now I will tell you how to get to my 　51　. After you get off the 　52　 at the station, you can 　53　 a number 8 bus to Yingbin Road. The bus stop is near my home. Or you can take a taxi(出租车) if you like. That's much easier.
By the way，it's not very far　　54　　my home to the beach(海滨). So we can go there
55　 every day. I hope you will have a good time here. Write to me soon.
Best wishes，
Mary
五. 任务型阅读。下面是一个在中国工作的加拿大人的周末日程表，根据表格中提供的信息，用适当的词完成下面短文。语法和语义的使用要正确。每空只填一个单词，每空1分。
Date
Weather
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Saturday
Clean rooms；
do some washing
Visit friends；
go to a film
Have dinner with friends
Sunday
Go to the park with Nancy；
see cherry　flowers；
take photos
Buy books；
visit the SPACE NET BAR
Watch a football match at home；
take a bath and read a book before sleep
I am Robert Forrest, an engineer. I'm a Canadian. Now I work in a beautiful city in the east of China. I like to be busy and often make my weekends busy and interesting.
Last week I really enjoyed myself very much. On Saturday morning, I got up at 9:00. It was a 　56　 day. After breakfast, I 　57　　　58　　　59　　and 　60　　　61　　　62　. At about 11:30, I got a phone call from my friends, Mike and Kris, so I went to 　63　　　64　　in the afternoon and we went to see a film. After that we had dinner 　65　. We talked a lot about our life in China. We all had a good time.
On Sunday morning, I asked my girlfriend, Nancy, to go to the park to see the cherry flowers. She is a teacher in a middle school. The sun was 　66　　　67　，there were many people in the park. Some of them took pictures; some just sat under the trees, talking and laughing. We 　68　 　69　 　70　 of the flowers, too. After lunch, we went to the 　71　 and bought some books, and then we visited the SPACENET BAR. There we sent e-mails to our parents in 　72　.In the evening, Nancy went to teach her class and I went home. I watched a football match, but it wasn't very interesting. So I took a bath and went to bed 　73　　a book at about 9:40. I usually read some books before sleep.
Another 　74　 and 　75　 weekend!
六. 看图写作　 请根据海报内容，发个E-mail。（电子邮件）给John Brown，邀请他与你一起去观看比赛。要求：语句准确、流畅，内容要点完整，字迹清楚，卷面整洁。词数：40～60个。邮件首句已给出（不计入总词数）
参考答案：
一.
1—5　 C　C　C　D　D　　6—10　D　B　D　C　C　 11—15 B　C　C　B　D
16—20 C　A　D　A　C    21—25 A　D　B　B　D
二.
26. C  be widely used“被广泛使用”。
27. D  be important and necessary to sb. “对某人来说重要而且必须”。
28. B　can后接动词原形。
29. A　faster and better “又快又好”。
30. C　many other things “很多其他东西”。
31. B　quickly副词，“迅速地”。
32. A  on foot“步行”。
33. C  过去时态的被动语态结构。
34. B　not only...but also “不仅……而且……”。
35. D　as fast as表示同等级比较。
三.
36. A　37. C　　 38. D  由第一段中56.4%可知。39. D  由第二、三段可知。
40. A  由第三段可知。41. A  由第二段可知。42. B  本文主要内容为“西部开发”。
43. A　 　44. C　 45. C　 46. A　　　 47. B　 48. A　 49. D　 50. D
四.
51. home 　52. train　 　53. take/catch　　 54. (away)from 　 55. on foot
五.
56. fine / nice / lovely    57. cleaned    58. my / the    59. rooms / room
60. washed   61. my / some   62. clothes (or: 60. did  61.some  62.washing)
63. visit     64. them        65. together   66. shining   67. brightly
68. took   　69. some / many  70. pictures / photo  71. bookshop / bookstore
72. Canada   73. With        74. Busy        75. interesting
六.
One possible version
TO: johnbrown@ yahoo. com
FROM: dicksmith@ hotmail. com
SUBJECT: A match
Hi, John Brown,
I have a piece of good news for you. There is going to be a football match on the school soccer field on September 20th. It will start at half past five in the afternoon. The match is between Class 1, Grade 2 and Class 5, Grade 3. Would you like to go and watch it with me? (Will you please come and watch it if you are free?) I hope you will.
Yours
Dick Smith
Unit 6　How long have you been collecting shells?
一.【单元目标】
Ⅰ．单词与短语
collect　marathon 　skate　 pair　 since 　raise　 several 　　stamp 　 kite 　 monster
globe 　 anyone 　　store 　cake 　particularly 　 collector 　common 　extra 　topic
capital　thousand 　quite 　certain 　miss
in fact　 　　　　　　 其实；实际上        run out of　 用完；用尽
by the way　　　　　 　顺便；附带说说     be interested in 　　 对……感兴趣
more than 　　　　　　 比……多         　make a list of 　　　　列清单
thanks for doing sth. 感谢某人做了某事        think of / about sth. 想起某事
Ⅱ．目标句型：
1. How long have you been doing…?    2. I’ve been doing…since…
3. How long did sb. do…?             4. He / She did sth. for…
5. What do you collect?               6. When did you start?
7. How many do you have?　          8. What do you like to collect in the future?
9. What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby?
Ⅲ．语法
现在完成进行时
二.【重难点分析】
1. 现在完成进行时
构成：
肯定句：主语 + have / has been + doing
否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+doing
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+doing?
现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去”，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live，learn，study，work等。
(1)I have been learning English for ten years.  我学英语已经十年了。
(2)She has been skating for four hours.  到现在为止她滑冰已经有四个小时了。
(3)I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就一直在集邮。
在这几个句子中，have和has是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在have或has后面加not，have not和has not可以分别缩写成haven’t和hasn’t，如：
(1)Have you been doing your homework since this morning?  从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧？
(2)Has he been writing the letters to his friend? 他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗？
(3)I haven’t been seeing films for a long time. 我有很长时间没有看电影了。
（表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。）
2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：
(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。
如：
I have read a book about birds. （已经读完）
I have been reading a book about birds.（一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去）
(2)两种时态都有延续性， 但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。
如：
She has been singing all the day. 她都唱了一整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）
三.【重点词汇】
1. since的用法：
(1)conj．
①(引导时间状语从句，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般时态或完成时)自从……以来；……以后
eg．
It was years since l had seen her．自从我见到她(到那时)又过去好几年了。
his just a week since we arrived here．我们到这儿刚好有一周了。
②(引起原因状语从句，通常置于句首)既然；因为
eg．
Since he says so，it must be true．　既然他这么说，那一定是真的。
(2)prep．　 自……以来
eg．
I have lived here since childhood．自小我就住在这儿。
He hasn't been home sincel993．1993年以来他还没有回过家。
(3)adv．
①(与完成时态连用)从那以后；后来
eg．
He left the city in 1985 and has returned only once since．
他1985年离开这座城市，自那以后只回来过一次。
②以前
(4)构成短语：ever since　 从那以后(一直)
long since　 很久以前；早已
2. since，from和for
(1)from是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以from短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时，如：
The movie is on from 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. 这个电影在晚上8点到10点上映。
They chatted at the meeting from beginning to end．他们在会议上自始至终都在聊天。
(2)since则为介词或从属连接词，其后接名词、动名词或从句，表示从某一特定时间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止，依然继续着的事情的开始点，在以此为时间状语的句子中，谓语动词常用完成时。
如：
Many things have happened since they came here．自他们来这儿以后，发生了许多事情。
The teacher said that John had made great progress since last semester．
老师说从上个学期以来约翰取得了很大的进步。
(3)for 是介词，后接名词，可以用来计算持续的时间，表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间，谓语动词常用过去时或完成时，for与一般现在时连用，表示时间一直持续到将来。
如：
The meeting lasted for hours. 会议持续了几个小时。
I studied the piano for three years. 我学过三年钢琴。
I've known her for five years. 我认识她已经五年了。
How long are you here for?　 你在这里要待到什么时候?
3. favorite 作名词，指“最爱的物品”，favorite也可作形容词，作形容词比较级和最高级形式。
例如：
My favorite food is dumpling．我最喜欢的食物是饺子。
4. stop表示“停止，结束，阻止”
The light turned red．I have to stop． 红灯亮了，我不得不停下来。
(1)stop作名词，意为“车站，站点”。
例如：
I get off at the next bus stop．我在下一站下车。