亚洲杯无码在线播放:简易科技文翻译（第一期）

http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=bp-meds-at-night-lowers-cardiovascu-11-10-27&WT.mc_id=SA_syn_HuffPo  

People who took at least one of their blood pressure medications before going to bed had a reduced risk of circulatoryproblems compared with morning pill poppers. Katherine Harmon reports 

The stress of the day, from morning traffic to the evening news, can make anyone's blood pressure rise. And about one in three U.S. adults has high blood pressure—a condition that increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.  

Many people figure it's best to keep on top of day-to-day hy·per·ten·sion by taking all their blood pressure medications in the morning. But recent research suggests it might actually be nighttime blood pressure levels that are more important for overall heart health. And a new study finds that people who took at least one of their hypertension medsbefore bed were much less likely to have had a major cardiac event, such as a heart attack or stroke. The findings are described in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. [Ramón Hermida et al., "Bedtime dosing of Antihypertensive Medications Reduces Cardiovascular Risk in CKD"]  

After being followed for an average of about five and a half years, people who were taking at least one of their blood pressure meds before bed were only about a third as likely to have had serious circulatory problems as other patients. So just changing a small daily habit could lead to hearty rewards. —Katherine Harmon 

译秋的译文：

每天在睡前至少服用一种降压药的高血压患者与早上服用多种降压药的高血压患者相比，心血管疾病发作的风险更低——凯瑟琳·哈曼报道

从早晨的汽车噪声到晚间新闻的噪声，一天到晚的压力可以使任何人的血压升高。所以三个美国成年人之中就有一个患高血压——一种增加患心脏病与中风的风险的疾病。

大多数人认为在每天早上服用所有的降压药（来稳定血压）是很重要的，而且效果是好的。但最近的研究表明，对于心脏健康来说，控制晚间的血压水平更重要。一项新的研究发现人们在睡前至少服用一种降压药，发生主要心脏事件（例如高血压与中风）的可能性会更低。这项发现刊登在《美国肾病学会志》上。

经过平均五年半左右的跟踪调查，在睡前服用至少一种降压药的人们当中，只有三分之一的人患上了与其他没服药病人同样严重的血液循环系统疾病。综上，只需要改变一下日常生活的一个小小的习惯便可得到“好心”的回报。

译秋的译者注：

一、     原来以为是一篇杂志刊登的科技文，但查到原文出处后才知道这是一篇相当于新闻报道的文章，所以应该是以新闻报道的风格来翻译。

二、    这篇文章的text type是 informative，翻译时应以句子为单位，用上功能对等理论从客观的角度描述，译文风格应靠近目标语，尽量减少信息量的缺失。

三、     引言为什么用过去式呢，晚间新闻与高血压有什么关系呢，其他病人是指什么病人，我一直都不明白。

四、 通过这次翻译学到了挺多医学上的名词。

五、     措辞方面还需要加强。Hearty reward 应该有两层意思，还有什么更好的措辞吗？

六、     文章中有争议的地方还有很多，如at least one of their blood pressure medications到底是翻译成一片，还是一种；all their blood pressure medications 到底是翻译成一整天还是所有种类。

 Catherine的译文：

据凯瑟琳哈蒙报道，在睡前服用至少一种降压药的人与有早晨服药习惯的人相比会出现较少的血液循环问题。从早上的交通到晚上的新闻微软用户1]，一天的压力可以让任何人的血压升高。在美国，大约三分之一的成年人患有高血压，这种情况增加了患心脏病和中风的几率。很多人认为在早上服用所有的降压药对于控制日常高血压（的效果）是最好的。然而近期研究表明，实际上夜间的血压水平对于整个心脏的健康更为重要。并且新的研究发现在睡前服用至少一种降压药的人患严重心脏问题如心脏病和中风的几率会大大减少微软用户2] ，这一描述出现在美国肾病学会志[微软用户3] 。【摘自Ramón Hermida等研究者所著的慢性肾病的患者睡前服用抗压药课降低心血管疾病的患病风险】像这样保持大约平均五年半[微软用户4]，与其他病人相比，在睡前服用至少一种降压药的人仅有三分之一的人会患有严重的血液循环问题。所以，只需改变一个日常的小习惯，就可以得到心脏的回报——凯瑟琳哈蒙

 [微软用户1这句还可以再改一下

 [微软用户2]这一句译得不错

 [微软用户3]杂志应该要加上书名号

 [微软用户4]漏译“After being followed”

平行文本：

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com 

Circulatory  adj.

1. Of or relating to circulation.

2. Of or relating to the circulatory system.

Poppers

n

1. a person or thing that pops

2. (Clothing, Personal Arts & Crafts / Knitting & Sewing) Brit an informal name for press stud

3. (Cookery) Chiefly US and Canadian a container for cooking popcorn in

4. (Law / Recreational Drugs) Slang an amyl nitrite capsule, which is crushed and its contents inhaled by drug users as a stimulant

hy·per·ten·sion 

n.

1. Arterial disease in which chronic high blood pressure is the primary symptom.

2. Abnormally elevated blood pressure.

med

adj. Informal

Medical: med schools; med students.

n. Slang

A medication or dose of medication. Often used in the plural.

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Antihypertensive

http://www.wordreference.com/definition/cardiac

cardiac 

adjective

• 1 relating to the heart.

• 2 relating to the cardia of the stomach.

dose

noun

• 1 a quantity of a medicine or drug taken at one time.

■ an amount of ionizing radiation received or absorbed at one time.

• 2 informal a quantity of something necessary but unpleasant.

• 3 informal a venereal infection.

verb

• 1 administer a dose to.

• 2 adulterate or blend (a substance) with another.

cardiovascular/kɑ?di???vaskj?l?(r)/? 

adjectiveMedicine relating to the heart and blood vessels.

CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease

Bedtime dosing of Antihypertensive Medications Reduces Cardiovascular Risk in CKD

Abstract

Time of ingestion of hypertension medications can affect circadian patterns of BP, but whether this translates into an effect on clinical outcomes is unknown. Here, in an open-label trial, we randomly assigned 661 patients with CKD either to take all prescribed hypertension medications upon awakening or to take at least one of them at bedtime. We measured 48-hour ambulatory BP at baseline and 3 months after any adjustment in treatment or, at the least, annually. After a median follow-up of 5.4 years, patients who took at least one BP-lowering medication at bedtime had an adjusted risk for total cardiovascular events (a composite of death, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, revascularization, heart failure, arterial occlusion of lower extremities, occlusion of the retinal artery, and stroke) that was approximately one-third that of patients who took all medications upon awakening (adjusted HR 0.31; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.46; P < 0.001). Bedtime dosing demonstrated a similar significant reduction in risk for a composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke (adjusted HR 0.28; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.61; P < 0.001). Furthermore, patients on bedtime treatment had a significantly lower mean sleep-time BP and a greater proportion demonstrated control of their ambulatory BP (56% versus 45%, P = 0.003). Each 5-mmHg decrease in mean sleep-time systolic BP was associated with a 14% reduction in the risk for cardiovascular events during follow-up (P < 0.001). In conclusion, among patients with CKD and hypertension, taking at least one antihypertensive medication at bedtime improves control of BP and reduces the risk for cardiovascular events.

 高血压的危害：

高血压是动脉血管内的压力异常升高，动脉血管如同流水的管道，心脏如同水泵，管道内的压力异常升高，泵就要用更大的力量将水泵到管道内，久而久之，泵就会因劳累而损害；同理，长期的高血压若不及时有效的降压，心脏就会因过度劳累而代偿性有肥厚扩大，进而出现功能衰竭，这就是高血压性心脏病、心力衰竭；同理，管道内压力过高，脆弱硬化部分的管道就容易爆裂，发生在脑血管，就是出血性脑率中；同样，肾脏是极丰富的毛细血管网，这种微细的管道在长期高压的影响下发生硬化、狭窄、功能损害，从而使肾毛细血管网排除身体内毒物的功能受损，体内有毒物质贮留于血内，即成为肾功能衰竭、尿毒症。如同上述简化比喻的道理，高血压若得不到及时有效的控制，心、脑、肾三个重要的生命器官就会受到致命性打击，从而产生严重的并发症，诸如：心：高血压性心脏病、冠心病、心力衰竭；脑：高血压性脑出血、脑梗塞；肾：肾功能衰竭、尿毒症。而医学界众所调知，这些问题是可以在发现高血压之初进行预防的，而且是行之有效的，但当这些问题发生后，对医生或病人及家属来讲，不论是从所花费的精力、财力、体力上都将是徒劳而无益的。

低血压危害：

低血压病人由于血管内压力过低，导致血液循环缓慢，远端毛细血管缺血，以致影响组织细胞氧气和营养的供应，二氧化碳及代谢废物的排泄。由于血压下降影响了大脑和心脏的血液供应，因此使机体功能大大下降，工作和生活质量随之降低。

主要危害:

·眩晕、乏力、易疲劳、工作能力下降

·晕厥、跌倒、骨折等意外事件及死亡增加

·引发心情压抑、忧郁症等精神障碍

·诱发短暂性脑缺血、脑梗塞、心肌缺血

·听力损害、视力障碍

·生活质量降低