偶看新闻溏心风暴第一部剧情:英语语音知识---字母组合发音规则,一些语音概念介绍
来源：百度文库 编辑：偶看新闻 时间：2024/04/30 23:37:08
1、 元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please
he she me
piece receive ceiling
2) 发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
3) [] 发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a
head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
many any
5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
work worm work world
6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious pleasure
familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite
around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
men listen
famulus Saturday
7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8) [] 发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
9) []字母组合 al or au our ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter
10) [] 发音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash watch
11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
shoe do two
true truth blue full prude
12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u o
look good foot book wood
should could
put full bull pull push
woman wolf
13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey
14) [ai] 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye
15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse
flower down now cow how town
16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
17) [] 字母组合oy oi
boy toy joy
oil soil voice choice
18) [iε] 字母组合 eer ear
beer deer
ear near
here fierce idea
19) [] 字母组合ear air ere
pear bear
chair air fair
there where
care
20) [uε] 字母组合our ower
hour tour
flower shower 2、 容易混淆的元音
[A] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i：] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide
[aU] [R：]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn
[aU] [Q]
found fond down done gown gone town ton
[A][Q]
fan fun tan tun san son tank tun
3、辅音
1)
pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk
sing king morning evening
10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul
11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough physic photo phone
13) [v] very evening even every voice vest
of
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)
15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16) [W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17) [T] that this those these though
18) [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
nation attention station
social special
sure
19) [V] pleasure
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] when what where window wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
24) [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods
4、容易混淆的辅音
[v] [w]
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
[s] [W]
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
[z] [T]
close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [N]
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing
5、字母、字母组合发音规律
1）a [ei] [æ] [[] [a:] [R]
late private grade bake grape nation station page
active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
accept about above formative machine cinema
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2）e [i:] [e] [[] 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture
3）i [ai]
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4）o [[J] [J:] [Q] [[] [R]
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest
5）u [ju] [u] [Q] [[]
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble
support suggest
6）c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g [g] [dV] [N]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening
8) l [l] 读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla
world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [N]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r [r] [[](美语发音)
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north
11）y [j] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my
12）ar [a:] [[] [R:]
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[]
cease season breathe feature meat please
bread breast breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize
14) ear [[:] [i[]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear
15) er [[:] [[] [i[]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce
16） ere [i[] [Z[]
here mere fere sere
there
17) ir [[:] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
18) oo [u:] [u] [Q] [R:]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
blood flood
door floor
19) or [ R:] [[:] [[]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
20) oor [ R:] [J[]
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our [J[] [R:]
hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn
22) ou [au] [Q] [[]
house mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [[J] [au]
window meadow know show low
now town how down cow
24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose
mouse house
25) th [W] [T]
thank think thought cloth
clothes that this then than
26) sion [F[n] [V[n]
propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion television
27) tion [F[n] [ tF[n](不常见)
station nation translation attention
question
音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.
音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.
元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.
辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.
开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine
2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello
闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 如:sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up out ant
英语中浊化、连读、弱化、爆破的规则是怎样的？何时弱化、何时浊化、何时连读、何时爆破？
一、 连读
连读有两种规则，分别为：
1、 以辅音结尾的单词+元音开头的单词：要连读
如：I’d li(ke a)nother bow(l o)f rice.
这里like / laik / 以辅音结尾，another 以元音开头，所以连读
注意：
以辅音结尾 指的是音标中的最后一个音是辅音，而不是单词的结尾，这如同u[ju:.]niversity前面的定冠词必须用a 一样。
注意：
2、以辅音结尾的单词 + h开头的单词h不发音，与前面的辅音
what wil(l he) [wili]do?
Ha(s he) done it before?
Mus(t he) [ti] go?
Can he do it?
Should he….?
Tell him to ask her….
Lea(ve him) [vim].
For him (连读这个词，会发现和forum 很相似)
我第一次知道这一连读规则时，兴奋不已，很容易的听懂了许多以前觉得很难以理解的句子，
并且按照这种连读方式发音省力、轻松了许多。再次证实”Economy”
二、 音的同化
音的同化也是一种连读的现象，两个词之间非常平滑的过渡，导致一个音受临音影响而变化。主要是以下三种方式：
1、 辅音[d]与[j]相邻时，被同化为[dэ]：Would you....?
2、 辅音[t]与[j]相邻时，被同化为[t∫]： Can’t you:。。。。？
3、 辅音[s]与[j]相邻时, 被同化为[∫]： Miss you
三、 失音
由于失去爆破是失音的一种现象，摩擦音也会被失去，所以统称为失音。注意：
爆破音并不是完全失去，仍然形成阻碍，把气流堵在里面，但不爆破，直接发出相邻的辅音。
规则：
1、 辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。 这样的例子有很多很多， 红色标注的辅音不发音：
Sit down: 发音再次的老师都不会发出 [t] 音
Contact lens:
Big cake
Dad told me
Huge change
Good night
四、 浊化
1、[S] 后面的清辅音要浊化
Discussion： [k] 浊化成 [g]
Stand： [t] 浊化成[d]
Expression： [p]浊化成
2、美音中：[t] 在单词的中间被浊化成[d]
如：
writer， 听起来和 rider 的发音几乎没有区别
letter—ladder
out of
美国人和加拿大人发音为了省事，习惯清音浊化，尤其是[t]在单词的中间一定会浊化成[d]， 但英国人发音不会这样，这也是英音和美音的一大区别。 了解这一浊化原则，会给听力带来一些帮助。
五、 弱读
一般来说：
实词重读，如动词、名词、副词等；
虚词弱读，如介词、代词等
弱读的规则一般是：元音音节弱化成 [E] 或
比如说如下几个单词：for/to/some/does/of
查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音，如for: 重读时[fR:] , 弱读时 [fE]
六、 节奏
对于英语的节奏，我也把握不好，而且还为此郁闷不已。在我认为，中国人说普通化，一个句子的标准节奏和语调往往只有一个，我想英语也应该是这样，但是怎么样才是标准语调呢？特意为这个问题问过英语老师，不同的外国人说同一个陈述句会有不同得语调吗？她告诉我是的。不过在看了下面这段话之后，我想她可能误我了。:)
老外教你“杀手锏”：注意说话的节奏
十年寒窗苦读英语，为谁辛苦为谁忙？当然是用来和老外“侃”喽。那外国人究竟如何看待中国人说的英语，他们说话有没有诀窍呢？记者请教了克里斯多佛·汉普顿---英国驻上海总领事馆的考官协调，他也是当天演讲比赛的裁判之一。
克里斯多佛一开口就指出了国人学英语最大的“软档”
“中国人喜欢在单词的读音上纠缠不休。尤其是年轻人，总希望自己能说一口标准的美式英语，最好是带点纽约口音的美式英语。于是，他们很努力地听广播、看电视，刻意模仿美国人的说话腔调。
经过长时间的磨练，有些人的发音甚至比土生土长的美国人还地道。但是，我就算蒙着眼睛，也能轻易分辨出说话的是中国人，还是美国人。因为中国人说英语没有节奏。”
克里斯多佛所说的节奏并不仅指说话的速度快慢，还包含了许多平时不被重视的小环节，比如语调的升降、词语的重音、句子在何处停顿。中学的中文语文书中倒是有过断句练习，可几乎所有的英语教科书里都没有类似的章节，也鲜有老师会教学生这一套。所以，大多人不知道，英语句子也有自己拆分的规则。发言者要么按照中文的思维习惯，随心所欲把句子“大卸八块”；要么练习肺活量，一句话从头连到尾不喘气。于是，中国人听起来清清楚楚的句子，到外国人耳朵里就变成了“不知所云”。
要改变这个习惯也不难。克里斯多佛认为，只要连续练习几个月，一个英语水平普通的人也能说出漂亮的英语，甚至达到“以假乱真”的程度，和讲母语不分上下。
他的练习方法很简单---找一盒老外读的标准磁带，在录音机里不停顿地播放。然后你看着文字稿，亦步亦趋地跟着他的节奏读。这时候，充分调动你的耳朵，适应外国人的语音语调，还要像个回声筒似地反映出来。久而久之，当你习惯了老外的节奏，只要具备5000个基本单词，就能应付一般的对话