偶看新闻男人抖腿是肾虚:2011高考英语知识回顾-2
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2011高考英语知识回顾
口诀：英语高考变化大，词汇越来越称霸；标准要求三千五，八百词汇是关卡；
字形词义熟练记，保证考场是赢家。
一、语法角度归纳词汇：
1.只能接动名词，而不能接不定式作宾语：
口诀：建议避免冒险；介意错过训练；厌恶推迟完成；承认逃脱抵抗；考虑保持忍受；想象宽恕欣赏。
suggest, avoid, risk, mind, miss, practise, dislike, delay, finish, admit, escape, resist, consider, keep, stand, imagine, forgive, enjoy
2.只能接不定式，而不能接动名词作宾语：
口诀：打算将来负担起一切，就得尝试失败，拒绝假装努力。要学会选择，决心设法完成计划。
父母会同意提供帮助，要承诺达到他们的期望要求。
want, intend, mean, afford, attempt, fail, refuse, pretend, try, learn, choose, decide, determine, manage, plan, agree, offer, help, promise, hope, wish, expect, ask
3.既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，意义不同：
口诀：go on 表继续，接doing 同一事，接to do 换一个；
regret,forget , remember, 接doing 表做过，跟to do 要去做；
mean doing 意味着，mean to do 打算做；try doing 试着做，try to do设法做
4.既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，意义相同：
口诀：need, want, require, 还有一个deserve, 接不定式用被动，接doing 主动就能表被动；
Worth后接doing, 也用主动表被动，worthy 则不同，改用被动用被动。
need, require, want, deserve + doing / to be done (需要做)
be worth doing, be worthy of being done, be worthy to be done (值得做)
5.接动名词作宾语，接不定式作宾补：
口诀：禁止、建议和允许， 接doing作宾语，接to do 作补语。
forbid / advise / allow / permit doing sth; forbid / advise / allow / permit sb. to do sth.
(禁止，建议 允许某人做某事)
6.接宾语从句，从句使用虚拟语气：
1). 在动词order / demand / insist/ command / advise / suggest / request / require 等词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 （should）+ 动词原形，使用虚拟语气。
口诀：每词有特点，宾语从句中，(should) + 动词原形会出现。insist, suggest谨慎用，还要把词义细分辨。
insist (坚持要某人做某事 用虚拟；坚持说 、坚持认为 ， 则不用),
demand, desire, require, request, order, propose, command , ask (要求), advise, prefer,
suggest(建议用虚拟，暗示，表明则不用)。
2).动词wish后接的宾语从句一律使用虚拟语气：
口诀：wish后的从句用虚拟，三种情况要梳理。主句时态不用管，从句时间是关键。
与现在事实不符，用过去；与过去事实不符，用过去完成；与将来事实不符，用would, could 等接动词原形就可以。
7.动词本身主动形式表达被动含义：
有些动词如open, close, sell, wash, burn, write等用来陈述主语的内在性质时，要用主动形式表达被动含义。 主语一般为事物，且常与状语连用。
口诀：干柴废纸易燃烧；商店学校关又开；机器运转很正常；布料耐洗笔流畅；书报货物很畅销；房间厨房好打扫；饭菜做得格外香。
burn, close, open, run, wash, write, sell, clean, taste, cook
二、搭配角度总结词汇：
1.搭配活跃的名词：
Time
ahead of time 提前 at a time 一次 at all times 一直，经常 at one time 曾经 at times 有时候
behind time晚点，不及时 behind the times 落伍 in no time 立刻，马上 in time 及时，迟早 for a time
一度for the first time 第一次from time to time 有时，时常for the time being 暂时 on time准时
way:
all the way 一路上，自始自终 by the way by way of 经由，经过 in the / one’s way挡道，妨碍 in a way
在某种程度上 on one’s way to 去…的途中 in any way无论如何，在任何情况下in no way决不 in one’s
own way自行其事，随心所欲 in this way
case:
in any case in case in case of in no case in that case in this case in the case of关于，就…来说
hand:
at hand 在手边 hand in hand in hand控制住 on hand 手头有… by hand on one hand on the other hand
2.搭配活跃的动词：
bring:
bring about产生，导致 bring along 带来 bring back 使回想起bring out 使显现出 bring in 引进，赚得
bring up教育，呕吐 bring on引起，导致，生长 bring down 使降落 bring off使成功，圆满完成
break:
break down 垮掉，出故障 break in闯入，插嘴 break into闯入 break out 爆发，发生 break through
突破 break up 打碎，终止 break off 打断，中断 break away from 脱离
call:
call at拜访（某地） call back 召回，回电话 call for 去接，需要 call in 邀请，召请 call off 取消
call on / upon 拜访某人 call up打电话 call out 召唤出动
carry:
carry off 夺走 carry on 继续 carry out 履行 carry through完成，使度过难关
come:
come about 发生 come across 偶然遇到 come back 回来，忆起 come on 进行 come out 出版，
开花 come to oneself 苏醒 come up with 提出，想出，赶上
hold:
hold back 隐瞒，阻止，抑制 hold off 使远离 hold on 不挂断 hold out 伸出，支持，维持
hold up 举起，使停滞
get:
get across 越过，被理解 get away with 逃脱 get back 回来 get off 从。。。下来 get on / along with
进展，相处 get out 出来 get through 穿过，完成，接通 get to 抵达get over 克服 get up
give:
give away 赠送，泄露 give back 归还 give in to 屈服 give up 放弃 give off 发出，散发
give out 分发，筋疲力尽 give way崩溃
go:
go after 追求 go ahead 先行，请吧 go back 回去 go down 下来 go in for 爱好 go off with
离开，逃走 go on go out of从。。。出来 go through 通过，完成 go over 复习 go without
没有。。。也行 go up 上升，上涨
keep:
keep away from 远离 keep back 阻止，抑制 keep in touch with 保持联系 keep on 继续
keep out of 使避开 keep up with 赶上 keep off 远离
look:
look after look back 回顾 look down on / upon 轻视，看不起 look for look forward to 期盼
look into 调查 look out for 小心 look through 浏览 look up 查找，仰视 look up to尊敬
make:
make for 走向，促成 make out 弄清，理解 make up make sense
put:
put aside 储蓄 put away 储存，收拾 put down 放下，镇压，写下 put forward 提出 put off 推迟
put on 上映 put out 伸出，熄灭 put through 完成，接通 put up put up with忍受
run:
run after追赶 run away from / away 逃跑 run into 撞上，偶遇 run out of 用尽 run over
碾过 ，轧过 run through 跑过，贯穿
set:
set about 开始 set aside 放一边，留出，不顾 set back 推迟 set down 记下 set off 出发，引爆
set out 动身，着手 set up 创立，树立
take:
take away 带走 take back 取回 take down 取下 take in 吸收，欺骗 take off 脱下，起飞，事业
成功 take on 承担，呈现出 take out 取出 take over 接管 take up 占 （时间，空间），从事
turn:
turn on 打开 turn off 关上 turn up 放大音量，出现 turn down 放下音量，拒绝 turn in上交
turn against 反对 turn out 结果是，证明是 turn away 避开 turn over 翻转 turn to 翻到，求助于，转向
3.搭配活跃的介词、副词：
at:
at heart内心里，本质上 at will 随意，任意 at sight 一见 at present 目前 at a distance 隔一段距离
at a loss not at all 不知所措 at any cost 不惜一切代价 at sea
come at 向。。。袭击 run at 冲向，向。。。攻击 stare at glance at knock at 敲门 smile at
aim at 向。。。瞄准 shout at look at glare at laugh at point at shoot at call at
beyond:
beyond repair 无法修理 beyond belief 不可相信 beyond understanding 无法理解 beyond control无法
控制 beyond doubt 毫无疑问 beyond imagination 难以想象 beyond description 难以描述
down:
burn down 烧毁 cut down 消减，砍伐 pass down 传下来 calm down 平静下来 settle down 安家
tear down 拆毁，拆除 slow down 慢下来 lie down 躺下 die down 平息，消失
from:
come from 来自 date from 追溯 die from 死于 escape from 逃出 hear from 收到来信
learn from 向。。。学习 result from 起因于 choose from 选自 separate from 分离开来 suffer from
忍受 be absent from 缺席 be different from 与众不同 be far from 远离，远非
for:
run for 竞选 ask for 要求得到 long for 渴望 care for 关心，喜欢 search for 查找
apply for 申请 stand for 代表 hunt for 寻找 charge for 收费，要价 answer for 对。。。负责
fight for 为。。。而战 prepare for 为。。。准备 reach for 伸手去拿 pay for 花钱买
be anxious for 急于做 be eager for 渴望 be bad for 有害于 be good for 有利于 be famous for
be fit for 适合于 be grateful for 对。。。心存感激 be late for be ready for be sorry for
be responsible for be suitable for be useful for for fear 以免 for fun 为了乐趣
for pleasure for sale 供出售
in:
in spite of instead of in nature 本质上 in return 作为回报 in turn 轮流，转而，反过来
in fact in search of in other words in a word in brief
in memory of in exchange for 交换 in terms of 就。。。而论 in place of in short in doubt 怀疑
in favour of 支持 in honour of in face of in need of in store 保存着，准备着
result in join in fill in cut in 插入 drop in 拜访 succeed in
on:
live on look on 旁观 depend on wait on 侍候 insist on impress on 留下印象 move on
继续移动，往前走 rely on try on 试穿
on duty 值班 on foot 步行 on fire 着火 on show 展览 on strike 罢工 on purpose 故意
on watch 监视，观察 on the contrary 相反 on earth 究竟，到底 on sale on business因公，出差
out:
out of sight 看不见 out of reach 够不着 out of order 出故障 out of place 不适当 out of control
point out 指出 pick out 选出 burst out 迸发 figure out 算出，弄明白 cross out 划掉 find out
查出 leave out 省略，删掉 try out 算出，解决 let out 泄露 work out turn out 结果是 make out
off:
cut off 切断 tear off 撕开 see off 送行 shut off 关掉，关上 show off 炫耀 knock off 把。。。
撞落 pay off 还清 ring off 挂断电话 fall off 跌落，掉下 take off go off 离开 leave off 停止，中断
to:
belong to refer to see to 处理，料理 reply to 答复 object to 反对 point to stick / hold /
keep to坚持，忠于 agree to 同意 add to write to lead to attend to 处理 contribute to
捐助，贡献，为。。。撰稿 get down to devote oneself to be familiar to drink to 为。。。干杯 dance to
up:
grow up build up do up stay up sit up use up cut up end up speed up
clear up burn up hurry up pick up
with:
agree with begin with continue with 继续 do with 应付 deal with 对付，处理 fight with
mix with meet with play with 玩耍 quarrel with equip with 用。。。装备
be angry with be busy with be crowded with 拥挤着 be connected with 与。。。联系
be covered with be content with 对。。。满意 be disappointed with be engaged with 忙碌于
be filled with be familiar with 熟悉 be popular with be patient with be pleased with
be satisfied with be strict with 对。。。严格
三、辨析角度复习词汇：
1.以构成形式为突破口进行辨析：
1).差一冠词，意义不同：
in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由。。。负责
in possession of 占有 in the possession of 由。。。所占有
by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边
out of question 没问题 out of the question 不可能
at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌边
2).有无介词，意义不同：
answer answer for对。。。负责，偿还 search search for leave leave for 离开去某地
reach reach for 伸手去拿 enter enter for 报名参加 run run for
stand stand for pay pay for 付钱买某物 prepare prepare fpr
3).词序颠倒，意义不同：
before long long before much too too much
turn in in turn hand in in hand 在手边
work hard hard work from far 来自远方 far from 离得远，远非
if only only if
4).是分是和，意义不同：
so as to so…as to sometimes some times
sometime some time everyday every day
altogether all together everyone every one
none no one
5).差一字母，用法不同：
alone lonely asleep sleep alike like arise产生，发生，出现 rise
await vt. 等候 wait across prep. cross v. 横越 adj. 交叉的，易怒的 aloud loud
2.以词汇意义为突破口进行辨析：
1).意义内涵不同：
【destroy , damage , ruin】
The boy ruined the beautiful picture with ink on purpose. (不可修复)
His hope of being a singer was destroyed. (不可修复)
The heavy rain damaged a lot of houses. (可修复)
【quiet , silent , still】
Be quiet and get on with your work.. 安静的，寂静的。表自然环境，表生性安静，不易激动。
You must learn when to speak and when to keep silent. 表沉默的。表示不说话，不弄出声音。
The air is so still that the smoke is rising straight up from the fire. 安静的，不动的。指人表面无动作。
【occur , happen , take place】
It was unfortunate that this accident should happen / occur. 偶然发生，碰巧。常指不好的事情。
It occurred to him that he should go to see a dentist. 与happen 可互换。occur to sb. / sth. 思想出现在意识中。
The official opening of the store will take place next week. 指必然会发生的事情，无被动。还有举行活动。
【argue , debate , quarrel】
The new couple are always quarrelling about so little family income. 指因愤怒而争吵。
The workers argue for the right for a public holiday. 通过提出理由进行论证。
First, let me introduce to everyone both sides of today’s debate. 指正式的辩论。
【fit , match , suit】
This coat doesn’t suit you. 多指颜色、款式、质地等适合，合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位等。
This coat doesn’t fit you. 多指大小、尺寸、形状合适、合身。
This tie doesn’t match this coat. 多指大小、形状、颜色、性质等方面的搭配。
【matter , affair , business 】
I could do nothing to help you since the matter has gotten into such a mess. 侧重麻烦或异常的事情、毛病。
Before going away, he arranged his business affairs. 一般为较重大的事件，也可泛指事务，要用复数。
Tom is the black sheep of his family. He has almost ruined his father’s business. 生意，行业，事情，事务
【normal , common , ordinary , usual , regular 】
As is known to all, snow is common in cold countries. 常见的，一般的。 common sense / knowledge
Are you returning home at the usual time today? 通常，往常，一贯如此。 as usual
Tom Sawyer was an ordinary American boy who kept getting into trouble. 普通的，平常的，平凡的。
A new regular bus service to
My life was delighted that things had returned to normal once again. 正常的，智力，精神正常的。
【opposite , contrary 】
His house is opposite to mine. 指位置、方向、地位、意义等对立的、相反的。be opposite to 在。。。对面。
This is something quite contrary to my expectations. 主张、看法行为等相反的，含有互相冲突，不一致。
【realize , recognize , know 】
He didn’t realize his mistake until his mother told him. 认识到，意识到，实现，完成。
It’s hard for me to recognize his voice on the phone. 认出，辨认，承认。为短暂性动词，不接时间段作状语。
We have known each other for many years. 知道，了解，熟悉，认识。可接时间段作状语。
【scene , scenery , sight , view 】
The scene after the earthquake was horrible. 指展现在眼前的情景，也可指scenery的一部分。含景物中的人。
He had a chance to see the historical sights of
There is a fine view of the mountain from our hotel. 指从远处或高处看到部分景色。
【separate , divide 】
Please separate the good apples from the bad ones. 把聚合在一起的事物、东西分开，常与from 连用。
Please divide the apple into two parts. 把一个整体分成若干部分，常与into 连用。
【struggle , fight 】
The soldiers fought bravely in the battle. 打仗，战斗，主要指肉体上的对抗。常指打架。
On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.挣扎，斗争。指肉体和精神
上的搏斗。暗指在艰难处境中奋力挣扎。
【broad , wide 】
She lost her heart to the soldier with the broad shoulder and the deep voice. 指某物覆盖面的范围，肩、背、胸。
His reading covers a wide range of subjects. 着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及广泛之意。
【cause , reason , excuse 】
I don’t know the cause and effect. 起因，原因，指引起某种结果的必然原因。常与of 搭配。强调事实。
There are many reasons for animals dying out. 理由，原因，用于解释已发生事情的理由，借口。常与for连用。强调逻辑推理，理由不一定真实。
I haven’t done the work well; my excuse is that I have been ill. 指免受指责或推卸责任而找的理由、原因，即借口。常与for 连用。
【advantage , benefit , profit 】
It is to your advantage to invest wisely. 好处或利益，所获之物。
Young people get great benefit from reading. 指各方面的受益。
Their investment has brought them a lot of profit. 多指金钱方面的利益、利润。
【bravery , courage 】
He showed great bravery in saving the drowing child. 勇敢，指处于某种紧迫情况下大胆无畏的行动勇气。
Although blinded by the explosing, he faced the future with courage. 勇气，勇敢，指使人面对危险、困难、痛苦等而不感到惧怕的精神力量。
【character , characteristic , quality , personality 】
He has a changeable character. 品质，性格特色，特征，个人、集体或范畴的区别特征或属性。
What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians? 指与众不同的特征。
Modesty is one of his good qualites. 品质，指个体的特点，尤指好的品质。
His personality left a deep impression on us. 个性，指个人聚集的品质、行为、脾气、情绪和精神的性格。
【circumstance , surrounding , environment , occasion 】
In normal circumstances I would have resigned immediately. 环境，情形，形势，多用复数。
He didn't pay much attention to his surroundings. surrounding 只能做形容词。surroundings 为周围的事物，指一个人四周的生活环境。
Children need a happy home environment. 环境，一般用单数，强调环境对人的感受，道德的影响。
He seized the occasion to invited her home for dinner. 时机，机会。
【cost , price , charge , expense 】
Living costs are higher in cities than in the country. 耗费，成本。包括对某事所付出的一切费用、时间、劳力。
It must be done at any price. 价格。指商品出售时所定的价格。还有代价。
How much is the charge for this coffee? 零花钱或给予服务后索要的费用。
His parents decided to cut down his expenses at college. 多用复数，指大量的花费、支出。如求学、旅游。
【energy , force , power , strength 】
Young people usually have more energy than the old. 指人在活动中表现出的生机勃勃的“力”。
He had to use force to get the lid off the can. 指为克服阻力而运用或发挥出来的“力量”。
You can really feel the power of the sun here. 含义最广，包括一切抽象和具体的力。
He hasn’t got enough strength to get out of bed. 指人或物体内在的耐力、抵抗力、气力。
【heart , mind 】
He married the girl of his heart. 侧重情感之心。
We expect there to be more students with good mind. 侧重理智之心。
【especially , specially , particularly 】
The Great Wall had been added to, rebuilt and repaired, especially during the Ming Dynasty. 尤其
These books are specially written for beginners. 指为某一特别目的而做。
He was particularly / especially interested in the stories about kings. 意义相仿，常可通用。
Rice grows well in their county, especially in their village.
2).动作结果不同：
advise persuade / look for find / look see / listen hear / try manage / treat cure
3).动作状态不同：
begin be on catch fire be on fire
4).主观客观不同：
receive accept
5).直接间接不同：
hear hear of know know of learn learn of
6).有无—ly的副词不同：
①无—ly的副词表具体意义， 有—ly的副词表抽象意义。
wide widely deep deeply high highly low lowly close closely
②有无—ly的副词，意思不同：
Near nearly hard hardly most mostly dear dearly late lately bad badly
【buy , cost , pay , spend , take 】
buy:指购买。常见搭配：buy sb. sth.; buy sth. for sb. / sth.
cost:指花钱、时间、劳力等。. Sth. cost sb sth.
pay: 指花钱.常见搭配：Sb. pay money for sth.
spend: :指花钱、时间等。常见搭配：Sb. spend …in doing sth. / on sth.
take: 主要指花时间。常见结构：It takes / took sb. some time to do sth.
【offer , supply , provide 】
Josie offered him 500 dollars to do the work.
Our farm supplies the market with fruits and vegetables.
The school provided books for the children.
【be known as , be known for , be known to , be known in 】
be known as +名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。 “作为。。。而著名”
be known for +名词表示某人或某物的特点、特长。 “因。。。而著名”
be known to + 表示人的词语。 “为。。。所了解、知道”
be known in + 表地点的词语。
四、拼写角度对比词汇：
1.容易漏写字母的词：
1).易漏写不发音字母的词：
Christmas cupboard handkerchief handsome exhibition whisper neighbor fasten doubt
sandwich Wednesday climb comb
2).易漏写双字母的词：
necessary quarrel permission excellent interrupt satellite address pressure committee
personally command carriage arrest mirror balloon pillow pattern announce cattle
cigarette funny passenger rubbish suddenly
3).易漏写元音字母的词：
familiar official temperature before interest bargain century anxious convenient
exercise experience material mountain restaurant forehead soldier
4).易漏写福音字母的词：
government autumn chimney butcher bridge February knowledge lawyer
2.容易多字母的词：
ninth forty against August similar habit altogether Thursday college forbid library proud
3.容易混淆的词：
1).词形相似易混淆的词：
peasant 农民 / present 礼物 、现在 parents 父母
broad 宽的 / board 木板 / abroad 在国外
difficult 困难的 / different 不同的 ; attract 吸引 / attack 袭击
explode 爆炸 / exploit 开采，开发 ； familiar 熟悉的 / similar 类似
pollution 污染 / population 人口 / popularity 人气指数，普及
quality 质量 / quantity 数量 / equality 平等 / inequality 不平等
shadow 影子，阴影 / shade 阴凉处 / shed 棚屋，小屋
2).异性同义易混淆的词：
动词 Vs 名词： advise advice / affect effect / weigh weight / bathe bath / believe belief / recover recovery / discover discovery / decide decision / explain explanation / lose loss / serve service / succeed success / pronounce pronunciation / enter entrance
/ permit permission / prepare preparation / argue argument / arrive arrival / choose choice
/ envelop envelope
名词 Vs 形容词： health healthy / society social / absence absent / width wide / length long / height high / nature natural / science scientific / honesty honest / anger angry /
difficulty difficult / hunger hungry / noise noisy / safety safe / happiness happy / center central / value valuable / youth young
形容词 Vs 副词： happy happily / luck luckily / angry angrily / simple simply / true truly / terrible terribly
3).字母组合ei 和 ie 易混淆的词：
receive , seize , foreign , ceiling , chief , thief , friendship , believe , achievement , twentieth , achieve
4).字母a 和 e 易混淆的词：
advance , advantage , dollar , adventure , grammar , umbrella , operate , separate
5).易将词尾or 写成er 的词：
professor , visitor , tailor , sailor , author , inventor , conductor , emperor , monitor , director , actor , translator
6).字母 s 和 c 易混淆的词：
percent , university , electricity , sense
7).易颠倒字母的词：
modern , garden , true , destroy , silence , Wednesday , secretary , cigarette , calm , according , cruel , fuel , false , fruit , Paris
4.因未掌握语法规则易误写的词：
stomachs , thieves , photos , potatoes , tomatoes , heroes , roofs , foxes , Germans , offered , occurred , permitted , written , bitten , referred , cost , studying , regretting , beginning , chatting , writing , hotter , thinner , fatter , bigger ,