斯巴鲁傲虎是进口车吗:你是个自信心爆棚的孩子吗？

Self-esteem is shaped by your thoughts, relationships and experiences. Understand the ranges of self-esteem and the benefits of promoting healthy self-esteem — including mental well-being, assertiveness, resilience and more. 

一个人的自信心与自身的思想、与环境的关系和独特的人生经历有关。这篇文章可以帮助你了解自信心的分级，认识建立健康的自信心所带来的好处，包括良好的精神状态、充满魄力、抗打击力等等。

By Mayo Clinic staff

来自Mayo医学中心

自信心是你对自身整体的看法，也就是对自己的能力和缺陷的真实看法。具有良好自信心的人往往对自身感到满意，也希望得到他人的尊重。自信心不足的人对自己的评估则比较低，总是困扰于对“自己不够好”的担忧之中。

Discussions about self-esteem often are centered on children. However, many adults could benefit from improving their self-esteem. Here's how to tell if your self-esteem needs a boost and why it's important to develop a healthy sense of your own worth. 

我们常常讨论孩子自信力的问题。然而，提高自信心对成年人也有裨益。这里谈到了怎样衡量自信心是否需要得到提高，以及正确认识到自身价值的重要性。

Factors that shape and influence self-esteem

塑造和影响自信心的因素

Self-esteem begins to form in early childhood. Factors that can influence self-esteem include: 

自信心在幼年开始形成。影响因素包括：

Your own thoughts and perceptions How other people react to you Experiences at school, work and in the community Illness, disability or injury Culture Religion Role and status in society Relationships with those close to you — parents, siblings, peers, teachers and other important contacts — are especially important to your self-esteem. Many beliefs you hold about yourself today reflect messages you've received from these people over time. If your close relationships are strong and you receive generally positive feedback, you're more likely to see yourself as worthwhile and have healthier self-esteem. If you receive mostly negative feedback and are often criticized, teased or devalued by others, you're more likely to struggle with poor self-esteem. 

自身思想和认识；

身边的人对你的反应；

在学校、工作中和居住地的经历；

疾病、残疾以及外伤；

文化；

宗教信仰；

社会角色和地位。

周遭的人际关系，包括父母、兄弟、同事、老师以及其他重要的人等等，对影响自信心尤其重要。很多人认为，身边的亲友们曾经对你的态度和看法，会影响到你眼下对自己的认识。如果你和周围的亲友联系密切，而且他们对你的评价很高，那么你会更容易觉得自身充满价值，建立健康的自信心。相反，如果身边的人总是给予消极评价，那么你很可能自信心会严重降低。

Still, your own thoughts have perhaps the biggest impact on self-esteem — and these thoughts are within your control. If you tend to focus on your weaknesses or flaws, you can learn to reframe negative thoughts and focus instead on your positive qualities. 

但是，自己的想法才是对自信心产生最大影响的武器——而且这些想法都是在你自己的掌控中。如果总是执着于自己的弱点和不足，那么你应该试着收拾消极思想，多注意自己闪光点。

The ranges of self-esteem

自信心分级

Self-esteem tends to fluctuate over time, depending on your circumstances. It's normal to go through times when you feel down — or especially good — about yourself. Generally, however, self-esteem stays in a range that reflects how you feel about yourself overall. Consider how to recognize the extremes, as well as a healthy balance somewhere in between: 

人的自信心可以随着人生境遇的不同而变化。当遭遇大喜大悲时，对自我的看法也自然而然有所波动。但一般而言，自信心反映了你对自身的总体认识。应认识到极端的情况，并努力进行平衡。

Overly high self-esteem. If you regard yourself more highly than others do, you might have an unrealistically positive view of yourself. When you have an inflated sense of self-esteem, you often feel superior to those around you. Such feelings can lead you to become arrogant or self-indulgent and believe that you deserve special privileges. 

高度自信  自认过高，对自身有着不切合实际的过高评价。自信心过高的人会自感超过身边的人，并会导致自负和自我放纵，认为享有特殊待遇理所当然。

Low self-esteem. When you have low or negative self-esteem, you put little value on your opinions and ideas. You focus on your perceived weaknesses and faults and give scant credit to your skills and assets. You believe that others are more capable or successful. You might be unable to accept compliments or positive feedback. You might fear failure, which can hold you back from succeeding at work or school. 

低度自信  自信心过低时，对自我价值认识不足。过分关注自己的不足和缺点，低估自身的能力和才华。认为其他人比自己更能干、更成功。对赞美和表扬充耳不闻。恐惧失败，一旦失败可能无法继续学业或工作。

Healthy self-esteem. Healthy self-esteem lies between these two extremes. It means you have a balanced, accurate view of yourself. For instance, you have a good opinion of your abilities but recognize your flaws. When you understand your own worth, you invite the respect of others. Benefits of healthy self-esteem

高度自信  自认过高，对自身有着不切合实际的过高评价。自信心过高的人会自感超过身边的人，并会导致自负和自我放纵，认为凌驾于周围人之上理所当然。

低度自信  自信心过低时，对自我价值认识不足。过分关注自己的不足和缺点，低估自身的能力和才华。认为其他人比自己更能干、更成功。对赞美和表扬充耳不闻。恐惧失败，一旦失败可能无法继续学业或工作。

健康的自信  健康的自信介于以上二者之间。此类人对自身的看法平衡而客观。例如，在充分了解自身能力的同时，也认识到不足之处。只有充分了解自我价值，才能赢得别人的尊重。

健康自信的好处：

When you value yourself and have good self-esteem, you feel secure and worthwhile and have generally positive relationships with others. You feel confident about your abilities and tend to do well at school or work. You're also open to learning and feedback, which can help you acquire and master new skills. 

当正视自己，拥有良好的自信心时，将带来安全感和自我价值感，有利于与周围的人建立良好的关系，对自身能力充满信心，会让你在工作和学习中全力以赴。也会让你乐于学习和交流，从而更好的学习和掌握新知识。

With healthy self-esteem you're: 

拥有健康的自信心将使你：

Assertive in expressing your needs and opinions Confident in your ability to make decisions Able to form secure and honest relationships — and less likely to stay in unhealthy ones Realistic in your expectations and less likely to be overcritical of yourself and others More resilient and better able to weather stress and setbacks Less likely to experience feelings such as hopelessness, worthlessness, guilt and shame Less likely to develop mental health conditions, such as eating disorders, addictions, depression and anxiety Self-esteem affects virtually every facet of your life. Maintaining a healthy, realistic view of yourself isn't about blowing your own horn. It's about learning to like and respect yourself — faults and all

积极表达自己的需要和看法；敢于自信的做出决定；能够建立安全和诚实的人际关系——不容易和麻烦的人纠缠不清；在生活中更加现实，不管对自己还是他人都不吹毛求疵；更有毅力，勇于面对压力和挫折；不容易发生心理疾病，例如饮食紊乱、成瘾、抑郁和焦虑等。

自信心可以影响到生活的方方面面。建立对自己的健康客观的看法，并非是要夸耀自己。而是学着喜爱和接受全部的自己，接受有缺陷和不足的自己。