南京二级公路标准:在英语句子中，哪些词表示一部分否定，哪些词表示全部否定 - 已解决 - 搜搜问问

在英语句子中，哪些词表示一部分否定，哪些词表示全部否定

[ 标签：英语句子,表示,否定 ] 臸薀臸柔情懷 回答:3 人气:11 解决时间:2010-06-05 17:48

满意答案

好评率：85% 首先，我们来看看什么是反意疑问句。反意问句，是说话人对自己讲述的事实不是十分有把握，提出了肯定与否定或者否定与肯定的两种看法，让对方加以判断。 反意问句的构成可分为两部分，前一部分是个肯定句，后面反意问句就是否定的；如果前一部分是否定句，后面反意问句就是肯定句。所以从表面上看，反意问句应该比较简单。例如： He likes playing football, doesn’t he?
他喜欢踢足球, 是吗？
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
是的。/ 不是。 His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she?
他妹妹没有参加会议, 是吗？
Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.
不, 她参加了。/ 是的, 她没参加。 按语法规则来说，后半部分的反意问句非常短，就两个词：助动词 代词，如：...., may I? / did she? / don't they?/ should he? 等等。但是，在什么情况下使用什么样的助动词，在什么情况下使用什么样的代词，就比较复杂了。这篇文章里的21个注意事项，就是谈这个问题的。下面来看看这21条到底是什么。 一、判断前面句子是肯定句还是否定句 1. 前面肯定句中用了 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely,
little 等否定含义的词时, 算作否定句，后面的反意问句当然要用肯定形式了。 The boy made no answer, did he ?
Some plants never blow, do they ? [注意：不要随便想像哪些词行，哪些词不行。比如只有否定前缀的词就不能算作否定句。请看下面例句.] 2. 否定前缀不能视为否定词, 那就是肯定句，后面的反意问句仍用否定形式。 It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 二、关于几个常用词组是助动词还是实义动词 3. 前面肯定句中用了have to ( 过去式had to ) , 反意问句用don't /didn't 。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
[have to 的意思是“必须”，但have to 作为实义动词处理，] 4. 前面肯定句中的谓语是used to 时, 反意问句部分用usedn't/didn't 。 He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
[used to 可以作为助动词处理即usedn't, 也可作为实义动词即didn't] 5.  前面肯定句中用了有had better,  反意问句部分用hadn't you? You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
[had better 意为“最好”如何如何，这里仍然用had 来构成反意问句。] 6.  前面肯定句中用了would rather, 反意问句部分多用 wouldn't。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
[would rather 是个词组，意为“宁愿”如何如何，这里仍然作为would 来处理。] 7.  前面肯定句中用了有You'd like to. 反意问句部分用wouldn't 。 You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
[would like to 是个词组，意思是“想要”，所以用将来时的would 来正理。] 三、关于几个情态动词的用法 8. 前面句子中用了情态动词dare / need, 反意问句部分仍然用dare / need。 We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you? 而当dare / need 为实义动词时, 反意问句部分用助动词do/don't。 She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 9.  前面肯定句中用了表示推测或虚拟语气的must , 反意问句部分根据实际情况而定。 (1) must 表示推测 He must be a doctor, isn't he?
[must 这里是猜测，意为“一定是”。] They must finish the work today, needn’t they?
他们今天必须要完成这项工作, 是吗？[must 这时是情态动词，意为“必须”。] It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
[must 表示推测，谓语关键是be going to 表示将来时，所以用 will/won't.] (2) must have done sth. 表示虚拟语气，have 强调已经做完某事，did/didn't 强调事情本身。 You must have studied English for three years, didn't you/haven't you?  ?
[两者都行，关键看说话人强调什么部分了。] He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
[强调动作。] 再例如：  She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she?
她上星期一定读了这本小说了, 是吗？ [强调read的动作] You must have told her about it, haven’t you?
你一定把这事告诉她了, 是吗? [强调已经做完了某事] 10. 前面肯定句中用了ought to，反意问句用oughtn't/shouldn't。 He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
[ought to 与 should 的意思非常相近，表示“应当”如何，两者可以替换。] 11. 前面肯定句的谓语是wish,  反意问句要用may 。 I wish to have a word with you, may I?
[按规则wish 的否定应该是don't ，但wish 这里表示询问是否允许，用了may。] 四、反意问句中使用什么代词 12.  前面肯定句中用了neither… nor, either… or , 反意问句部分根据其实际而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
[neither...nor 原来是指两个中每个都不……，一般是指单个的人，这里也可用are you/ are I. ，根据说话者的意图而定。] 13.  前面肯定句中用了指物的不定代词everything, nothing 等, 反意问句部分主语用it。 Everything is ready, isn't it?
[指物的不定代词，通常都可以用it 来代替。但指人的somebody, anybody 一般用复数的they.  请看下面第14的例句。] 14.  前面肯定句中主语是指人的不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等, 反意问句部分常用复数they, 有时也用单数he. Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 五、复杂句子的反意问句怎么处理 15.   复杂句子要根据不同情况处理。 (1) 并列复合句中前后两句是相等关系，以后面的一个句子主、谓来定反意问句。 Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in
China now, shouldn't he?
[此句以后面一个句子的should 来定。] (2) 带有定语从句、宾语从句的主从复合句, 反意问句部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定： He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? (3) 如果主句部分的谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等, 反意问句部分要以宾语从句来定。 I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she? 16. 一般祈使句, 反意问句部分用will you。 Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
[因为祈使句的默认主语是you, 而且祈使句是种婉转的说法，will you 也是婉转说法。] 注意： Let's 开头的祈使句, 有两种情况： (1) 包括自己在内的，反意问句用shall we或用shan't we. Let's go and listen to the music, shall we /shan't we? (2) 如果只是征求别人的意见，仍然用will you / won't you. Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you / won't you? 再例如： Let's go to see the film,shall we ?
咱们去看电影, 好吗？ [包括自己在内] Let us go to see the film,will you?
让我们去看电影, 好吗？ [征求对方意见] Shall we go by train？
Yes, let's. [包括自己在内] 注意：此句是错误的： Please let us remove the bookshelf for you.
让我俩给你移动一下书架。[错误。Let us 已包括我和所有人在内] 17. 前面肯定句中用了there be 结构的, 反意问句部分仍然要用there。 There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
There will not be any trouble, will there? Yes, there will. / No, there won't.
[there be 可看作一个词组，意为“有”，所以反意问句及回答仍然要用there be.] 18.  感叹句中, 反意问句部分用be 。 What colours (they are), aren't they?
What a smell (it is), isn't it?
[这里的what 感叹句其实省略了后面的they are/ it is, 所以仍然用aren't/isn't.] 19. 前面句子用了so, 表示“这么说来”时, 反意问句部分按常规处理。 So you have seen the film, have you?
So he has not been to Beijing, hasn't he?  20. 最后有一个特例，即前面肯定句的主语是I，反意问句要用 aren't I. I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I?
我和你姐姐一样高, 对吗？[注意：不是am not I.]