韩国科隆暖和吗:青少年与性：如何保护孩子们的性安全

青少年与性是危险的组合。学习一下如何与你十几岁的孩子讨论禁欲与避孕的问题。

Few parents want to face the idea that their teens are having sex — but research shows that many teens are sexually active by high school, potentially putting themselves at risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). When it comes to teens and sex, the key is discussing the importance of contraception before sexual activity begins. 

大多数父母都不愿意想他们十几岁的孩子已经在开始性生活了，然而研究表明很多青少年从高中起就开始有频繁的性行为，从而他们受到性传播疾病与怀孕的危险性就比较大。如何与青少年讨论性方面的问题，最主要的是要在他们开始性行为前，让他们意识到避孕的重要性。2

Promoting abstinence

提倡禁欲

When broaching the topic of teens and sex, it's never too late to talk about abstinence. Whether you feel strongly that sex before marriage is wrong or you simply want your teen to postpone sex until he or she is more mature, explain your feelings to your teen. If you share the reasons behind your beliefs, your teen may be more likely to understand and adopt your values. 

谈论青少年与性的问题时，首先要说的就是禁欲。不管你觉得婚前性行为错误与否，或你仅仅希望你的孩子等以后足够成熟了再开始性行为，你都要与你的孩子们表达你的想法。如果你能晓之以理，孩子们更容易理解并接受你的建议。

Also ask your teen to think about his or her own values and hopes for the future — and consider how sex might affect them. Explain that teens and sex can be a risky combination. The only sure way to prevent teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes and HIV, is to practice abstinence from sex — oral, vaginal and anal. Abstinence can also save your teen some emotional stress if his or her relationship ends. Remind your teen that there are many nonsexual ways he or she can show feelings for someone. 

同时让孩子们认识到自己的价值及今后的希望----权衡性行为会对他们所带来的任何影响。告诉孩子们在青少年时期开始性行为是很危险的。预防怀孕与性传播疾病（衣原体感染，淋病，人乳头状瘤病毒感染，疱疹及艾滋病）的唯一方法是禁欲----无论是口交，阴道或是肛交。禁欲也帮助孩子们避免受到情绪上的伤害当他们与某人的恋情结束时告诉孩子们除了性以外，其他还有很多方式可以表达对别人的爱意。2

Discussing birth control options

关于避孕选择的讨论

Understanding birth control methods is an important life skill for everyone. Whether your teen decides to have sex or wait, make sure your teen knows how to prevent pregnancy and protect himself or herself from sexually transmitted infections. Discuss with your teen: 

对每一个人来说，懂得避孕方法是一种很重要的生活技能。不管孩子们是否想要开始性行为，或等到以后某个时候。一定要让他们知道如何避孕与预防性传播疾病。与孩子们讨论以下这些内容：

    Condoms. Consistent and correct use of condoms is the most effective way for sexually active teens to protect themselves from sexually transmitted infections. Condoms also help prevent pregnancy. Make sure your teen understands the importance of always using condoms during sex. 

避孕套。每次并正确使用避孕套对于性行为活跃的青少年来说是预防性传播疾病的最有效的方法。避孕套也能预防怀孕。一定要让孩子们记住在发生性行为时，每次都要使用避孕套。这是相当重要的。1

    Prescription birth control. Various prescription contraceptives — such as combination birth control pills, the contraceptive patch (Ortho Evra), vaginal ring (NuvaRing) and contraceptive injection (Depo-Provera) — can help prevent teen pregnancy. Your teen will need to see a doctor to get a prescription for these types of contraceptives. Explain to your teen that the doctor will review her medical history, conduct a pelvic exam, and go over the risks and benefits of different types of birth control. For instance, Depo-Provera isn't recommended for young teens because it may affect bone mass. Make sure your teen understands that prescription birth control isn't a replacement for condoms. Prescription birth control helps prevent pregnancy, but doesn't offer protection from sexually transmitted infections.

避孕药物。有品种繁多的避孕药---比如避孕药片，Evra避孕贴，NuvaRing避孕环，甲羟孕酮避孕针，这些都在选择之列。无论使用哪种，孩子们都要去医生那里配药。告诉孩子们医生要看过他们的病历，给他们做一个骨盆检查，解释各种避孕药物的利弊作用。比方说甲羟孕酮避孕针对青少年来说是不适宜的，因为对骨骼会有副作用。要让孩子们明白避孕药是不能替代避孕套的。避孕药可以预防怀孕，却不能预防性传播疾病。

    Emergency birth control. Explain to your teen that it's always a good idea to make a decision about birth control before having sex. However, emergency contraception — such as the morning-after pill (Plan B One-Step or Next Choice) — can help prevent pregnancy if your teen doesn't plan ahead or contraception fails. Plan B One-Step and Next Choice are available over-the-counter at most pharmacies for those age 17 or older and by prescription for those age 16 or younger. Make sure your teen understands that Plan B One-Step and Next Choice must be used within 72 hours of unprotected sex to be effective.

紧急避孕药。告诉孩子们在性行为前才想到避孕是不好的。然而紧急避孕药，如Plan B One-Step 与 Next Choice这两种事后避孕药，可以预防怀孕，如果事先没有避孕措施或避孕失败。满17周岁的话，可以在药店非处方药柜买到这两种牌子的事后避孕药。一定要让孩子们明白这两种事后避孕药必须在性行为发生后的72小时内服用才有效。

    Natural family planning. If use of contraception goes against your values, you might consider talking to your teen about natural family planning, which involves abstaining from sex during a woman's most fertile days. Keep in mind, however, that natural family planning methods aren't as effective as prescription birth control and don't offer protection from sexually transmitted infections. In addition, effective use of natural family planning methods requires diligence and planning — and teen sex is often unplanned. Teen girls also commonly have irregular menstrual cycles, which can make it difficult to assess fertility signs.

安全期避孕法。如果使用避孕药与你的意志相违背，你可以与孩子们讨论安全期避孕法，就是在女性最易受孕的那段日子不能做爱。要注意的是安全期计算法不如药物避孕那要有效，也不能预防性传播疾病。此外如果要使用安全期法的话一定要提前安排并时刻记在心上，然而青少年的性行为通常是不事先计划好的。而且十几岁的女孩的月经周期通常是不规律的，这样就很难确定什么时候是安全期。

Don't be afraid that talking to your teen about contraception will encourage him or her to have sex. Your teen is likely curious about sex and contraception, whether or not you bring up the topic. By being open and honest, you can help your teen make informed decisions and act more responsibly when he or she decides to have sex — whether it's now or years in the future. 

不要担心与你孩子讨论避孕的事情会鼓励他们去发生性行为。即使你没有与他们谈到过这个问题，孩子们对性与避孕的问题都是好奇的。坦率诚实地与孩子们交流，能帮助他们做正确的决定，并且当以后他们决定发生性行为时，无论是现在或几年以后，他们会采取负责的态度去对待。

If you're having trouble talking to your teen about contraception, ask your teen's doctor for help. He or she may offer advice on how to talk to your teen and accurately answer questions about contraception. 

如果你觉得不知道该怎样与孩子们讨论避孕问题，可以问下医生。医生会建议你如何与孩子们说这个问题，并正确回答有关避孕的问题。

Encouraging responsible behavior

采取负责的态度

Teens may lack the maturity to properly and consistently use certain types of contraception. If your daughter is thinking about using prescription birth control, make sure she considers frequency of use and convenience before selecting a method. For instance, combination birth control pills need to be taken at the same time every day, while NuvaRing is worn for three weeks at a time. Whatever birth control method your teen chooses, explain the importance of keeping track of doctor's appointments and how to make birth control use a part of her routine — such as by taking her daily combination birth control pill when she brushes her teeth. Make sure your teen knows what to do if she misses a dose or suspects that she may be pregnant. 

孩子们或许不够成熟，没能准确并持续使用某种避孕方法。如果你女儿考虑用某种避孕药，一定让她首先要了解服药的次数，并知道此种药是否能很方便地服用。例如避孕药片需在每天的同一时间服用，NuvaRing避孕环带上后，每三周换一次就可以了。无论使用何种避孕方法，告诉孩子们一定要定期看医生，并把避孕当成日常生活所必需的事情。比如刷完牙后要记得服用避孕药片。要让孩子们知道如果她们漏服了一次药，或者怀疑自己怀孕了应该怎么办。

If your teen is considering becoming sexually active, you might also provide practical tips — such as keeping condoms in a wallet or purse. Explain to your teen that use of alcohol and other drugs may affect his or her judgment and increase the risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection. 

如果你的孩子决定要发生性行为，你要告诉他们实际可行的方法----比如在钱包或包包里放避孕套。让孩子们知道饮酒与吸毒可能使他们一时糊涂，增加感染性传播疾病的危险。undefined

Talking about sex and contraception with your teen isn't easy. However, your guidance can help your teen make informed choices that help protect his or her sexual health.

与孩子们讨论性与避孕的问题的确不是件容易的事。不过你的引导与建议能帮助他们做出正确的选择，避免他们因为性行为所造成的伤害。