新加坡到达卡机票:九年级英语单词

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Unit 1 How do you study for a test?

  

  1. Istudy by working with a group. (P1) 我通过小组练习学习。

  by + V-ing构成的短语可作行为方式状语。by后面可以接动词的-ing形式,也可以接名词。例如:

  He teaches himself the violin by practisingthe whole night. 他通过整夜的练习自学小提琴。

  I knew by his appearance that he was notEnglish. 看他的外表,我就知道他不是英国人。

  2.It’s too hard to understand the voices. (P3) 很难听懂其发音。

  句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。“too... to ...”结构中的动词不定式含否定意义,意为“太……以致不……”。其中的too是副词,用来修饰形容词,to是动词不定符号。例如:

  The boy is too young to understand the story. 这孩子年龄太小,不能理解这个故事。

  在使用这个结构时应注意两点:(1) 句中的主语与动词不定式在逻辑上是动宾关系时,动词不定式后面不能再跟宾语; (2) 句中的主语与动词不定式在逻辑上是动宾关系,而动词不定式又是不及物动词时,要在其后加上适当的介词。例如:

  Tom spoke too quickly for us to understand. 汤姆说话太快了,我们听不懂。

  The house is too small for the family to livein. 房子太小,那一家人住不下。

  3.We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. (P4) 当我们谈论某事而变得激动时,最后就用汉语来讲述了。

  (1) get excited about意为“对……感到兴奋”。介词about后面通常接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如:

  The boys got excited about going to Shanghai. 男孩们对去上海感到很兴奋。

  The students are excited about the results ofthe exams. 学生们对考试成绩感到非常兴奋。

  (2) end up sth/doing sth意为“结果为……”,“以……结束”,通常指意料之外的结果。例如:

  He ended up in prison. 他最终锒铛入狱。

  They were going shopping,butended up staying at home and watching TV. 他们原计划去买东西,但结果却是呆在家里看电视。

  4.I don’t know how to use commas. (P5) 我不知道该怎么使用逗号。

  句中how to use commas属“连接代词/副词 + 动词不定式”结构,作宾语用,动词不定式的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。在中考中,命题人往往要求考生将其与宾语从句进行转换。例如:

  Jim told Lin Tao how he would spend the day. →Jim told Lin Tao how to spend the day. 吉姆告诉林涛他是怎样度过这一天的。

  The students should know what to do or whatnot to do in school. 学生们应该知道在学校里应该做什么,不应该做什么。

  在使用这一结构时需要注意两点:

  (1) 在这一结构中,如果连接代词what,which,whom是作其后动词不定式的宾语,则这个动词应该是及物动词。如果动词不定式是不及物的,则需在其后加上适当的介词。例如:

  I don’t know what to say. 我不知该说什么。

  He wants to know whom to work with. 他想知道将和谁在一起干工作。

  (2) 这一结构中用的是连接副词when,where,how,而且它们作其后动词不定式的状语时,这个动词应为不及物动词。若不定式是及物动词,则该动词须有自己的宾语。例如:

  I don’t know when to start. 我不知道何时出发。

  Do you know how to do the exercise?你知道怎样做这个练习吗?

  5.I don’t have a partner to practice English with. (P5) 我没有练习英语的同伴。

  句中的to practice English with作定语用。使用这种定语时,应注意下面两点:

  (1) 被修饰的词与动词不定式在意义上是动宾关系,并且动词不定式是“动词 + 介词”这类短语动词时,其中的介词不能去掉。例如:

  Mr. Johnson was a difficult person to wait on.约翰逊先生是一个很难侍候的人。

  (2) 修饰的词与动词不定式在意义上是动状关系,而且动词不定式是个不及物动词时,应在不定式后面加一个适当的介词。例如:

  It’s getting dark. We have to find a hotel tolive in. 天快黑了,我们得找个旅馆住下。

  6.First of all,itwasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class. (P6)老师起初和同学们交谈时,我不容易听得懂。

  这是“it + be + adj. + to do sth”结构。it是形式主语,意思上代替后面的真正主语for me to understand the teacher。如果动词不定式需要有自己的逻辑主语,可以用以下两种方法表示:

  (1) 如果句中的形容词通常用来表示事物的性状或特征,则用for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。常见的这类形容词有difficult,hard,easy,heavy,dangerous,expensive,useful,impossible等。例如:

  It’s common for leaves to fall from the treesin autumn. 秋天树叶从树上落下是常事。

  (2) 如果句中的形容词通常用来表示人的行为或品德,则用of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。常见的这类形容词有honest,wise,clever,brave,foolish,kind,good,careful,stupid,silly,nice,right,wrong,polite,rude等。例如:

  It was careless of him to leave the doorunlocked. 他没有把门锁上,实在是太粗心了。

  7.She had trouble making complete sentences. (P6) 她在造完整的句子时有些困难。

  “have + n. + (in) doing ...”意为“做……有……”,have后面常是fun,difficulty,trouble,problems等名词。介词in指“在某一方面”,常可以省略。例如:

  The students had trouble (in) climbing thehill. 学生们爬山时遇到了一些困难。

  We had some problems getting to the top of themountain. 我们费了些劲才到达山顶。

  8.As young adults,itis our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education withthe help of our teachers. (P8) 作为年轻人,在老师的帮助下尽力处理好教育方面面临的每一个挑战是我们的责任。

  (1) 短语As young adults中的as是介词,意为“作为……(某种身份),当做,视为”。例如:

  As a student,you must obey therules of the school. 作为学生,你必须遵守学校的规章制度。

  (2) try one’s best to do sth相当于doone’s best to do sth,意为“尽力做某事”; deal with sth意为“处理某事”; with thehelp of相当于with one’s help,意为“在……帮助下”。例如:

  I’ll try/do my best to improve mypronunciation. 我将尽全力改进我的发音。

  How would you deal with an armed burglar?遇到持有武器的盗贼,你将如何对付呢?

  I worked out the problem with the help of myclassmates. (= I worked out the problem with my classmate’s help.) 在同学们的帮助下我做出了这道难题。

  

Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark.

  

  1.I used to be afraid of the dark. (P10) 过去我怕黑暗。

  used to是情态动词,表示过去的习惯动作或过去存在的情况,to是动词不定式符号,后面跟动词原形。例如:

  We used to work in the same workshop. 我们曾在同一个车间工作过。

  注意:be/get used to doing sth意为“习惯于做某事”,其中的to为介词,后面跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如:

  He is used to reading English in the morning. 他习惯在早上读英语。

  2.Did you use to play the piano?(P11)你过去常常弹钢琴吗?

  这是“used to + 动词原形”的疑问形式。其疑问式和否定式可以用助动词did,也可以直接用used构成。例如:

  Did it use to rain here in summer?(=Used it to rain here in summer?) 这儿以前夏季时常下雨吗?

  We did not use to see each other. (= We usedn’tto see each other.) 我们以前不常见面。

  3.I’m terrified of the dark. (P12) 我非常害怕黑夜。

  terrified是动词terrify的过去分词,在句中相当于形容词,含有very afraid的意思。be terrified of ... 意为“对……非常害怕”; be terrified at意为“因……而害怕、惊恐”。例如:

  Some children were terrified of a long roll ofthunder. 有些小孩子害怕轰轰隆隆的雷声。

  The child was terrified of being left alone inthe house. 那孩子害怕把他一个人留在家里。

  She was terrified at the deafening explosion. 她被那震耳欲聋的爆炸声吓了一跳。

  4.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. (P12) 我睡觉时卧室里的灯亮着。

  句中with my bedroom light on是复合结构,在句中作状语,表示伴随情况。由with构成的复合结构中,第一部分是介词with的宾语,由名词或代词充当,第二部分是宾语补足语,由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当。该结构一般在句中用作状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件。例如:

  We can see a big house with trees around it. 我们看见一栋高大的房子,四周树木环绕。

  He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut. 他躺在床上睡觉,寝室的门关着。

  With the meal over,weall went home. 吃过饭我们都回家了。

  With the boy to lead the way,wewill find the house easily tomorrow. 有那个男孩带路,明天我们会很容易地找到那幢房子的。

  5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years. (P14) 在过去的几年里,我的生活改变了许多。

  in the last few weeks/months/years意为“在过去的几周/月/年里”,常与现在完成时连用。“inthe past + 时间段”也有这种用法,意思相同。例如:

  I have made great progress in the last fewweeks. 在过去的几周里,我进步很快。

  Great changes have taken place in my hometownin the past few years. 在过去几年里我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。

  6.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. (P15) 于梅好像变了许多。

  本句为“it seems that ...”结构。seem意为“好像、似乎、看来”,用来表示根据某种迹象作出的判断,这种判断往往接近于事实。例如:

  It seemed that he had missed the train. 看来他没搭上火车。

  It seems that he is happy today. 今天他似乎很高兴。

  “it seems that ...”往往可转换为“sb seems to do sth”。例如:

It seems that he understands the meaning of the word. (=He seems to understand the meaning of the word.) 他似乎理解了这个单词的意思。

  It seems that she is sleeping. (= She seems tobe sleeping.) 她好像在睡觉。

  7.His mother looked after him as well as she could. (P16) 他的妈妈尽可能把他照顾好。

  as ... as sb can/could意为“尽可能地……”,在句中作状语。与此意义相同的表达方式为as ... as possible。例如:

  Maria is studying Chinese as hard as she can.(= Maria is studying Chinese as hard as possible.) 玛丽亚正在尽可能地努力学习汉语。

  8.She also told me that even though my father was no longer with us,he was watching me,and would always take pride in everything goodI do. (P16) 她还告诉我即使我的父亲不再和我们在一起,他也会一直关照我,总会为我所取得的成绩感到自豪。

  (1) 这是一个较复杂的主从复合句。Shealso told me是主句,that引导的从句是tell的直接宾语;宾语从句中的主句为he was watching me,and would alwaystake pride in everything good; even though引导的是让步状语从句,用来修饰宾语从句中主句的谓语动词was watching和take pride in;I do是定语从句,其前省略了关系代词that,用来修饰everything。

  (2) even though意为“即使,纵然,尽管”,用作从属连词,引导让步状语从句。与even if同义。例如:

  Even though/if he is no longer living,hisspirit lives on today. 尽管他已不在人世,但他的精神却至今还在。

  (3) take pride in ... 意为“为……感到骄傲”,与be proud of同义。例如:

  We take pride in our responsibilities asteachers in new China.(= We are proud of our responsibilities as teachers in new China.) 作为新中国的教师,我们为我们的职责感到骄傲。

  (4) 在“everything goodI do”中,good和I do都修饰everything。形容词修饰everything,something或anything等不定代词时,往往将形容词后置。例如:

  Danny is interested in everything unusual. 丹尼对所有的不寻常的事情都感兴趣。

  

Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed tochoose their own clothes.

  

  1.I don’t think fifteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. (P18) 我认为不应该允许15岁的孩子开车。

  think,believe,suppose,consider等动词表示“认为”、“相信”、“设想”等含义,且宾语从句中含否定词义时,常将从句中的否定词转移到这些动词之前。这种复合句形式上是对主句的谓语动词加以否定,但在意义上仍然是否定从句。例如:

  I don’t think that their team is likely to winthe match. 我认为他们的球队不可能赢得比赛。

  I don’t believe that it will rain tomorrow. 我相信明天不会下雨。

  应该注意,在这类反意疑问句中,附加问句应为肯定形式,其中主语和谓语也应与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。例如:

  I don’t think you’ve met Xiao Wang,haveyou?我想你没有碰见小王,对吗?

  另外,think后面的从句中含有no,never,nothing,nobody等否定词时,就不要再将这些否定词转移到主句的谓语动词上。例如:

  I think nothing is too difficult if you putyour heart into it. 我认为世上无难事,只怕有心人。

  2.Anna wants to get her ears pierced. (P18) 安娜想穿耳孔。

  get my ears pierced属于getsth done结构,表示要别人为自己做某事。与其同义的结构有have sth done。例如:

  I must get my hair cut. 我该找人理理发了。

  You ought to get your watch repaired. 你该把表送去修理了。

  3.They talk instead of doing homework. (P19) 他们光说话而不做作业。

  instead of意为“代替”、“而不”,后面接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如:

  He will go to the meeting instead of me. 他将代替我去开会。

  She went to school instead of staying at home.她没有呆在家里而是上学去了。

  instead of也可用来连接两个语法上对等的成分。例如:

  The situation is better instead of worse. 形势是更好了,而不是更坏了。

  They went there on foot instead of by bus. 他们没有乘公共汽车而是步行到那里去的。

  4.—We have a lot ofrules at my house. 我们家里立有许多规矩。

—So do we. (P20) 我们也是。

  “So + 助动词/be动词/情态动词+ 主语”应译为“某人(物)也如此”,意即前一句所说的情况,同样也适合于另一个人或物。在使用这一句式时,要注意助动词或系动词的选用,以及在时态上与前句相呼应。例如:

  —I’ve got a new car. 我有一辆新车。

  —So has John. 约翰也有。

  5.Some students should be allowed to have Friday afternoons off to volunteer andhelp others. (P23) 应当允许部分学生星期五下午放假,去做义工帮助他人。

  have ... off意为“放……假”,其中的have可以用take替换,off表示“不上班、不值班、不工作”的意思。例如:

  I’ve got three days off next week. 下星期我有三天假。

The manager gave the staff a day off. 经理给员工放一天假。

 

 

Unit 4 What would you do?

  

  1.Youshouldn’t worry about what other people are wearing.(P27) 你不应该为别人穿什么而担心。

  (1) 句中的worry about表示“为……而担心、担忧、着急”。worry用作及物动词用时,意为“使……烦恼”,“使……担忧”,后面的宾语通常是人。例如:

  He often worries about the slightest thing.他经常为一些鸡毛蒜皮的小事发愁。

  The losing of his books worried him for somedays.丢书那件事令他烦恼了好几天。

  (2) be worried about也可表示“为……而担心、担忧、着急”,与worry about不同之处在于,be worried about侧重状态,worry about侧重动作。例如:

  I am worried about my father’s health.(= Iworry about my father’s health.) 我为我父亲的健康担忧。

  2.Whatif everyone else brings a present? (P27) 要是别的人都带来了礼物,该怎么办呢?

  句中的what if意为“要是……,又怎么样”,是whatwould happen if...的省略形式。例如:

  What if we should fail? 如果我们失败了,该怎么办呢?

  What if they didn’t come here on time? 要是他们没有按时到达,怎么办呢?

  What if it rains when we can’t get undershelter? 假若下起雨来,我们又没处躲雨可怎么办呢?

  3.Iget nervous before big parties and then I get pimples.(P28) 在大型晚会前我特别紧张,于是我身上长出小浓疱。

  句中两个get的用法和意义都有所不同。get既可用作行为动词,也可用作系动词。本句中的第一个get是系动词,意为“变得”,后面应接形容词作表语;第二个get是及物动词,意为“长出”。试比较:

  The boy is getting taller and taller after hegets this kind of medicine.吃了这种药后,那个男孩个子越来越高了。

  I must get some fruit in the market.我得在市场上买点水果。

  This skirt is getting dirty;itneeds washing.这条短裙脏了,该洗一洗了。

  4.Ireally want a dog,butmy parents won’t let me have one.(P28) 我真想养一条狗,可是父母不让养。

  动词let作“让”解时,后面作宾语补足语用的动词不定式常省去to。let的同义词allow后面也可接动词不定式作宾语补语,但是动词不定式符号to却不可省去。试比较:

  My mother wouldn’t let me go to the film.我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。

  Allow me to introduce Miss Mary.请允许我介绍一下玛丽小姐。

  My parents allowed me to buy a second-handcar.我的父母允许我买一部二手车。

  5.I’dwait for her to introduce herself to me.(P29)我要等她来向我作自我介绍。

  (1) 句中wait for her tointroduce是词组wait for sb/sth的延伸。wait forsb/sth意为“等待某人或某事”,而wait for sb to do sth意为“等待某人做某事”。例如:

  Danny,there is someonewaiting for you outside.丹尼,外面有人在等你。

  The family are waiting for you to have dinner.家里人正在等着你吃饭呢。

  (2) introduce herself to me意为“(她)向我作自我介绍”。introduce可以用来向人介绍自己,也可以用来向人介绍另一个人。例如:

  May I introduce Mr. Wang to you? 我可以把先生介绍给你吗?

  Let me introduce myself to you.让我给你作个自我介绍吧。

  6.Socialsituations don’t bother you in the slightest.(P30)社会活动一点儿也不会影响你。

  句中not...in the slightest意为“一点也不”、“根本不”,与not...at all同义。例如:

  You are not wrong in the slightest/at all.你一点儿也没有错。

  She doesn’t like eggs in the slightest/at all.她根本不喜欢吃鸡蛋。

  7.Youhave plenty of friends,andyou enjoy the company of other people.(P30) 你有很多朋友,你也喜欢和别人交往。

  句中的plenty of是“许多”的意思,与a lot of,much,many同义。但plentyof和a lot of后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词,much后面只可接不可数名词,many后面只可接可数名词复数。试比较:

  There are plenty/a lot of books on the desk.桌子上有许多书。

  Don’t worry. There is plenty/a lot of time.别着急,时间很充裕。

  They have many apples at home.他们家里有很多苹果。

  There isn’t much rice in the bowl.碗里没有多少米饭。

  She has a lot of books;butI can’t see her reading books.她有许多书,但我却没有见她读书。

  8.Youwould also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party.(P30) 你宁愿意呆在家,读本好书,也不愿意出去参加聚会。

  “would rather...than...”,意为“宁愿……而不愿”,rather与than的后面都可接动词原形。例如:

  They would rather watch TV at home than go outto play soccer.他们宁愿在家看电视也不愿意出去踢球。

He would rather play leisurely than do homework.他宁愿慢悠悠地玩耍也不愿做作业。

  9.Whatdo you think I should tell the rest of the students? (P31) 你认为我应该告诉其他学生什么?

  do you think通常置于疑问词和句子主语之间,作插入语。例如:

  Where do you think we can get this machine? 你认为我们能在哪儿搞到这种机器?

  What do you think they are going to dotomorrow? 你看他们明天会有什么活动?

  think也常与主语一起用在肯定句中用作插入语。例如:

  He was wrong to have done that,shethought.她想,他这样做是错误的。

  It’s a great mistake,Ithink,not to accept their proposal.我看,不接受他们的建议是个大错误。

  

Unit 5 It must belong to Carla.

  

  1.Itmight belong to Alice.She plays the guitar.(P35) 它可能是爱丽丝的。她是弹吉它的。

  belong是不及物动词,后面通常跟介词to。belongto的主语通常是物;介词to后面跟人。例如:

  These books belong to me.这些书是我的。

  Who(m) does this belong to? 这是谁的东西?

  Whose car does it belong to? 这是谁的车?

  2.Ican’t find my backpack.(P35) 我找不到背包了。

  It can’t be John’s.(P35) 它不可能是约翰的。

  can’t find中的can表示能力,而can’t be中的can表示推测。例如:

  The hall can hold at least 2,000people.这个大厅至少能坐下2,000人。

  It can’t be Li Ming.He went on a tripyesterday.不可能是李明。昨天他去旅行了。

  can’t与may not表示推测时意义有别。can’t意为“不可能”,而may not意为“可能不”。试比较:

  Danny can’t be at home.I saw him in thelibrary just now.丹尼不可能在家。我刚才还在图书馆里见到他。

  It’ seven o’clock now.Michael may not come here.现在已七点了。迈克尔可能不会来这儿了。

  3.It’smuch too small for him.(P35) (他穿)太小了。

  句中much too意为“太”、“非常”,用作副词词组,修饰形容词small。too much也可在句中作状语,但只能修饰动词。试比较:

  It’s much too cold today.今天天气太冷。

  The old man walked much too slow.这位老人走得太慢了。

  Don’t speak too much at the meeting.会上别讲得太多。

  too much也可用作名词词组,在句中作宾语;toomuch还可在句中用作形容词词组,修饰不可数名词。much too则不可。例如:

  You gave me too much.你给我的太多了。

  Is eating too much good or bad for yourhealth? 吃得太多对身体有益还是有害?

  4.It’scrucial that I study for it because it counts 30 % to the final exam.(P36) 这对我学习(这门学科)很重要,因为它要占期末考试的30%

  (1) 本句是“it is + 形容词+ that从句/wh-从句”句式,其中it是形式主语,that从句或wh-从句是句子的真正主语。例如:

  It is certain that the earth is round.毫无疑问,地球是圆的。

  It is necessary that we master at least aforeign language.我们有必要至少掌握一门外语。

  5.Hemight be running to catch a bus.(P37) 他可能正在跑去赶公交车呢。

  might be running属于“情态动词 + 行为动词的进行式”结构,用来推测某动作现在正在进行之中。例如:

  He said that his father might be playingchess.他说他父亲可能正在下国际象棋。

  He must be sleeping at home now.他现在一定正在屋里睡觉呢。

  He should be studying in the classroom at thismoment.他这个时候应该是正在教室里学习。

  6.Theremust be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood.(P38) 肯定有什么东西光顾我们的街坊邻里了。

  本句为“there be...+ doing...”句式,表示V-ing的动作目前或现阶段正在进行。从语法上讲,此句式中的V-ing也可以用动词不定式替代,即“therebe + 主语 + to do”,表示动词不定式表示的动作将要发生。试比较:

  There’s a man waiting for you outside theoffice.办公室外有人在等你。

  There’s a girl looking for her mother.有一个女孩正在找她的母亲。

  There’re some children to see you.有几个孩子要见你。

  7.Don’tlet yesterday use up too much of today.(P39) 过去的就让它过去了!

  本句为否定祈使句。yesterday作动词let的宾语,useup too much of today是作宾语补足语。在watch,see,lookat,hear,listen to,notice,feel,have(使),let,make等动词后面作宾语补足语用的动词不定式往往省去to。例如:

  Make the past serve the present and foreignthings serve China.古为今用,洋为中用。

  They often hear Jenny sing this song.他们经常听詹妮唱这首歌。

  

Unit 6 I like music that I can dance to.

  

  1.Iprefer music that has great lyrics.(P44) 我更喜欢带有好歌词的音乐。

  prefer意为“宁可,宁愿,更喜欢”,其过去分词为preferred,现在分词为preferring。其常用结构有:

  (1) prefer后面常可直接跟代词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、复合结构和宾语从句。例如:

  I prefer you not to stay here too long.我希望你不要在这儿呆得太久。

  We prefer that the meeting should be put off.我们宁愿让这个会往后推迟。

  注意:prefer后接宾语从句时,从句的谓语动词为虚拟语气。

  (2) prefer to do sth或preferdoing sth意为“宁愿做某事”,前者强调特定的或某一次具体的动作,即在一定的场合下宁愿做什么,后者强调一般性倾向,即“偏爱”某种行为。试比较:

  He preferred reading at home on rainy days.下雨天他宁愿在家看书。

  I prefer swimming,butI don’t prefer to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。

  (3) prefer...to...意为“与……相比,更喜欢……”。to是介词,其后可跟名词,也可跟动词的-ing形式。例如:

  Michael preferred dogs to cats.比起猫来,迈克更喜欢狗。

  My grandma prefers taking a walk to watchingTV.我奶奶宁愿去散步也不愿看电视。

  (4) prefer to do sth rather than (to) do sth意为“宁愿……而不愿做某事”,than后面的动词不定符号to常省去。例如:

  I preferred to do this rather than that.我宁愿做这件事,而不愿做那件事。

  She preferred to walk there rather than go bycar.她宁愿步行去那儿,也不愿坐汽车去。

  2.Ilike music that I can dance to.(P44) 我喜欢能随之跳舞的音乐。

  I like music that I can sing along with.(P44) 我喜欢能伴随演唱的音乐。

  dance to是“跟着……跳舞”的意思,sing(along) with是“伴着……歌唱”。to和with都是介词,其宾语都是引导定语从句的关系代词that。例如:

  The cowboys often dance to western or countrymusic at night.牛仔们经常在晚上伴随西部音乐或乡村音乐跳舞。

  Some students like singing with the popularmusic.有些学生喜欢和着流行音乐唱歌。

  3.Themusic reminds me of Brazilian dance music.(P46)这音乐使我回忆起巴西的舞曲。

  remind sb of sb/sth意为“使人回想起或意识到某人或某事物”。例如:

  This reminded me of my days in this school.这使我想起了我在这所学校里度过的日子。

  The film reminded him of what he had seen inChina.这部影片使他回想起他在中国所看到的一切。

  “remind oneself + 从句”意为“提醒自己……”;remind sb to do sth意为“提醒(某人)注意某事或做某事”;“remind sb + 从句”意为“提醒某人有……”。例如:

  He kept on reminding himself that the time wasshort and the work must be finished in time.他不断提醒自己,时间很短,而且工作还必须按时完成。

  Please remind me to get up at six tomorrow.明天六点唤我起床。

  Don’t forget to remind him that I would be athis home this evening.别忘了提醒他我今晚要到他家去。

  4.Itdoes have a few good features,though.(P48)可是,它的确有一些好的特色。

  句中的does用来强调谓语动词have。“do/does/did+ 动词原形”通常出现在下列场合:

  (1) 强调感情色彩。本句就是这个意思。再如:

  You do look nice today.你今天看起来真是漂亮。

  She does talk a lot,doesn’tshe? 她的确说得很多,不是吗?

  (2) 加重祈使句的语气。例如:

  Do sit down! 请坐请坐!

  5.Whateveryou do,don’t miss thisexhibition.(P48) 不管咋样,别错过了展览。

  (1) whatever是由“what + ever”构成的复合词,可以用来引导让步状语从句,意为“无论……”,与“no matter + what”同义。例如:

  No matter what/Whatever you say,we’llcarry on the experiment.不管你怎么说,我们要继续试验。

  No matter what/Whatever happens to you,don’topen the door.不管发生什么事,你都不要开门。

  (2) “what + ever”还可以引导一个名词性从句,而“no matter + what”则不可以。例如:

  Take whatever you want.你要什么就拿什么吧。

  不能说:Take no matter what you want.

  6.Whatdo you think of it? (P46) 你认为它怎么样?

  “What do you think of...?”意为“你觉得……怎样?”,“你认为……如何?”,与“How do youlike...?”同义。例如:

  What do you think of my singing? 你觉得我的歌唱得怎么样?

  What do you think of the story? (= How do youlike the story?) 你觉得这个故事怎么样?

  7.Besure to see this exhibition at the LidoGalery.(P48)一定要去看看在利多举办的画展。

  本句为be sure to do sth句式,意为“务必要去干某事”。例如:

  Be sure to come tomorrow.你明天一定要来。

  be sure 还能出现在“be sureabout/of...”,“be sure to do sth”和“besure + 从句”之中:

  (1) be sure about/of意为“确信对……有把握”,表示对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断,主语必须是人。例如:

As David joined our team,we are sure ofwinning the game this time.由于大卫加盟我们的球队,我们这次一定会取胜。

  He was not too sure about the grammar.他在语法方面没有很大把握。

  (2) be sure to意为“一定”,“肯定”,表示局外人的推测、评论。主语不一定是人。例如:

  It’s sure to rain tomorrow.明天天一定会下雨。

  You are sure to understand much more thanbefore.你一定比以前懂得更多了。

  试比较下面两句:

  He is sure to live to ninety.他肯定可以活到九十岁。

  He is sure of living to ninety.他自信可以活到九十岁。

  (3) be sure后面接that从句时,意为“认为……一定会”,主语必须是人,连词that可以省略。be sure后面还可以接由whether或where,when,who等引导的名词性从句。例如:

  I am sure he’ll tell you a lot about China.我相信他会告诉你许多有关中国的事情。

  I’m not sure where I left my notebook.我不能确定我把笔记本丢在什么地方了。

  8.Theydon’t interest me as much.(P48) 它们同样唤不起我的兴趣。

  (1) interest用作及物动词时,表示“使……发生兴趣、引起……注意”。例如:

  The story does not interest me.这故事引不起我的兴趣。

  He tried to interest me in buying the house.他想说服我买这所房屋。

  (2) as much在句中表示“同样地、同等程度地”。例如:

  That is as much as saying I am a liar.那是在说我撒谎了。

  They finished the task as much without anyhelp.在没有任何帮助的情况下,他们同样完成了任务。

  9.Thereare many great photos of people and of the countryside.(P48) 有许多人物和乡村的巨幅照片。

句中“photos ofpeople and of the countryside”说的是照片上有人,有乡村。下面这些词语虽然都以photo和picture为中心词,但其含义是不相同的。Li Ming’s photo指照片属李明所有,但照片上的人不一定是李明;aphoto of Li Ming指照片上的人就是李明;a photo of Li Ming’s指李明存放的照片中的一张。也就是说,photos of people与a photo of LiMing属同一个类型。

 

 

Unit 7 Where would you like to visit?

  

  1.I’d like to trek through the jungle,because I like exciting vacations. (P52我想徒步到森林里去旅行,因为我喜欢令人激动的假期。

  would like意为“想要”、“愿意”,相当于want。 常出现在以下场合:

  (1)“Would you likesth ...?”用来委婉地征求对方的意见。其肯定回答常为“Yes, please. /Allright. /OK.”等;否定回答为“No, thanks”。 例如:

  —Would you like some more food? 你想再吃一些吗?

  —No, thanks. 不要了,谢谢!

  (2)“Would you liketo do sth?”用来有礼貌地向对方提出建议或邀请,其肯定回答常为“Yes, I’d like/loveto.”; 否定回答为“I’d like/love to, but ...”。 例如:

  —Would you like to play football with us? 你想跟我们一起去踢足球吗?

  —Yes, I’d like to. 我想去。

  (3)would like sb todo sth意为“想叫某人做某事”。例如:

  I would like her to meet you. 我想叫她去接你。

  2.I love places where the people are really friendly. (P53)我喜欢人们友好相处的地方。

  句中的where为关系副词,引导的是定语从句,修饰places, 并在从句中作地点状语,相当于in which。 例如:

  The building where we used to live has beenput down. (= The building in which we used to live hasbeen put down.) (= The building (which)we used to live in has been put down.) 我们以前住的那幢楼已经拆掉了。

  3.For your next vacation,why not consider visiting Singapore(P54对你的下一个假期为什么不考虑一下去新加坡游玩呢?

  (1)“Why not do ...”是“Whydon’t you do/why do you not do ...”的省略形式,常用来表示建议、邀请。例如:

  Why not meet at the school gate at eight? 何不八点钟在校门口集合呢?

  Why don’t we stay here another day? 我们为什么不在这儿再呆一天呢?

  Why not stay with us for some more days? 为什么不和我们一起多呆几天呢?

  与“Why not do ...?”意思相同的有“Would youlike to do ...? /Shall we do ...?/Let’s ... do .... /What/How about doing ...?”等。例如:

  Would you like to go for a picnic with us thisSunday? 本周日和我们一起去野炊,好吗?

  Shall we have a picnic tomorrow? 我们明天去野炊,好吗?

  Let’s go picnicking. OK? 我们去野炊,好吗?

  How/What about going to the cinema? 去看电影,怎么样?

  (2)consider意为“考虑、细想”,它常常出现“consider + sb or oneself + 宾语补足语/consider sth+ 宾语补足语/consider sb or oneself to be + 宾语补足语/consider + V-ing或从句”等结构中。例如:

  I consider him a clever boy. 我认为他是一个聪明的小伙子。

  I consider myself lucky enough. 我认为自己是够幸运的了。

  I consider it OK. 我认为这就够了。

  I consider him to be a clever boy. 我认为他是一个聪明的小伙子。

  I first considered writing to him,but then decided to see him by myself. 我开始想写信给他,但后来决定亲自去见她。

  We considered what we could do next. 我们考虑下一步该做什么。

  4.The traffic is heavy in some parts of the city. (P54)这个城市的一些地方交通很拥挤。

  traffic常指“往来于街道的车辆、交通”,也可以指“(公路、铁路、海上或空中人员或货物的)流量”,是一个不可数名词。它在句中作主语时,谓语动词为第三人称单数形式。例如:

  There’s a lot of traffic at the time of day. 在一天的这段时间里往来的车辆很多。

  在汉语里,我们常说“交通拥挤”,而在英语里却不能说“crowded traffic”或“The traffic isvery crowded.”。 traffic不能和crowded搭配,却能和heavy(拥挤), light(不拥挤), little,a lot of, busy, much等词语搭配使用。表示“交通拥挤”,可以用“heavy traffic”或“The traffic isheavy.”。 再如:

  There is light/little traffic in downtowntoday. 今天市中心车辆不拥挤。

  5.Isn’t it supposed to be very hot(P54难道天气不应该是很热的吗?

  (1)这是一个否定形式的一般疑问句,用来表示说话人提出自己的建议或看法,并希望得到对方肯定的答复。有时它也可以表示惊讶、不相信、挖苦、批评等意义。例如:

  Isn’t he a League member? 难道他不是团员吗?

  Haven’t you known him yet?I saw you having dinner with him just now. 你难道还不认识他吗?刚才我还见你和他一起吃饭呢。

  (2)be supposed to的意思与should近似,用来表示根据规定或按照法律不得不做的事或将要发生的事。 be not supposed to常用来表示禁止做某事。例如:

You’re supposed to start work at 8:30 every morning. 你应该每天早晨八点半开始工作。

  In America people under eighteen aren’tsupposed to buy alcoholic drinks. 在美国,不允许十八岁以下的人买含酒精的饮料。

  6.My family and I want to take a trip this summer somewhere in the east of China. (P56今年夏天,家人和我都想到中国东部的什么地方去旅游。

  (1)介词in,on, to, at与表示方向的名词连用,用来表示不同的意思。 in表示某个特定区域内的某个方向; on表示某个特定区域界外毗邻的某个方向;to表示“不在……内”; at也可与表示方向的名词连用,既可表示界内,也可表示界外,但侧重于表示某个位置“点”。试比较:

  Hebei Provinceis in the north of China.河北省在中国的北部。

  Japan is to the east of Korea. 日本在朝鲜东边。

  Hunan Provinceis on the south of Hubei Province. 湖南省在湖北省的南面。

  Ceylon is an island at the south of India. 锡兰是印度南面的一个岛。

  7.The room needs to be big enough for three people. (P56房间要能容得下三个人。

  句中的to be big enough for ... 意为“大得足够……可用于……”。其中的big可以根据意思上的需要,换用另外的形容词。例如:

  It’s light enough for reading. 天亮得可以看书了。

  这一句式可拓展为“be + adj. + enough to do sth”和“be+ adj. + enough for sb to do sth”。 例如:

  The water of the river is deep enough to swim.这条河的水深得足可以游泳。

  The book is easy enough for a six-year-old boyto read. 这本书很容易,六岁的孩子都可以读得懂。

  8.Here are some of the findings of a survey about hopes and dreams, in which thousands of studentsacross China took part. (P58这里是有关希望和梦想的一些调查结果,数以千计的中国学生参加了这一调查。

  这是个主从复合句, in which thousands of students across Chinatook part是非限定性定语从句修饰a survey。 take part in为一个短语动词,意为“参加”。

  非限定性定语从句是定语从句的一种,从句与先行词之间通常有逗号隔开,从句与主句的关系比较松散。翻译这种定语从句时,不一定要将其放在先行词前面。例如:

  I have two brothers,who are working in the same company. 我有两个兄弟,他们在同一公司工作。

  9.It seems some students would like to start work as soon as possible, so that they can help provide better livesfor their parents. (P58似乎有些学生想尽早参加工作,以便他们能够为父母提供更好的生活。

  (1)本句是“it seems that...”句式, it为形式主语, seem后接that引导的主语从句,连词that通常可省略。例如:

  It seemed that he had missed the last train. 他好像没赶上末班车。

  It seems that he had caught a cold. 他好像感冒了。

  (2)as soon aspossible中的as possible可以替换为as sb. can,soon也可根据意思上的需要换成其他的形容词或副词。例如:

  Maria is studying Chinese as hard as possible.(= Maria is studying Chinese as hard as shecan.) 玛丽亚正在尽量努力地学习汉语。

  (3)句中的so that是个连词,意为“为了、以便”,引导目的状语从句。 so that还可以引导结果状语从句。试比较:

  Speak clearly so that they can understand you.讲清楚些,让他们能听懂。 (so that引导目的状语从句)

  She was ill, so that she wasunable to go with you. 她病了,不能和你一起去了。 (so that引导结果状语从句)

  10.It was clear from the survey that teenagers have similar hopes. (P59调查显示,青少年怀有类似的希望。

  本句为“it be + adj. + that从句/wh-从句”句式, it为形式主语, “that从句或wh-从句”为真正的主语,位于句末。再如:

  It is certain that the earth is round. 毫无疑问,地球是圆的。

  It is doubtful whether the old man willrecover from the operation. 那位老人手术后是否会康复难以确定。

  

Unit 8 I’ll help clean up the cityparks.

  

  1.No, we can’t put offmaking a plan.(P61)不,制订计划的事,我们不能再推迟了。

  “Don’tput it off,”says Huiping. (P62慧萍说:“这事,不要再推迟了。”

  Helooks sad. Let’s cheer him up. (P61他看上去很伤心。我们去帮他振作起来吧。

  (1)上面句中的put off与cheerup都是由“动词 + 副词”构成的短语动词。注意,当其所接宾语是代词时,必须将该代词置于副词之前。若所接宾语是名词,则可将该名词置于副词之前或副词之后。试比较:

  They put off the soccer game because of therain. 因为下雨,他们把足球赛推迟了。

  The good news of our ping-pong team winningthe game cheered them up. 我们乒乓球队获胜的喜讯使他们欢呼雀跃。

Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. 今日事今日毕。

  (2)put off表示“推迟、拖延”时,后接V-ing形式作宾语。例如:

  You should not put off going to the doctor. 你不应该拖延去看病了。

  They have put off leaving for Hainan. 去海南的事他们已经推迟了。

  2.This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week. (P62这份义工每周花了他们每个人好几个小时的时间。

  句中的take表示“花费”意思,常用于“ittakes ... to do sth.”句式,其中的it作形式主语,真正的主语是句末的动词不定式。例如:

  It’ll take only ten minutes to walk there. 只要十分钟,就可以走到那儿。

  It took me two yuan to buy the magazine. 我花两元钱买了这本杂志。

  但是take的主语也可以是某种活动,后面接宾语或双宾语,本句就属于这一类。再如:

  The work will take three weeks. 这项工作要花费三周的时间。

  The journey took me two days. 旅途上花去了我两天的时间。

  3.Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love todo. (P62我不仅对帮助别人感到很满足,而且我还渐渐地花时间做自己喜爱做的事情。

  “not only ... but also ...”意为“不仅……还……、不但……而且……”。使用时要注意以下几点:

  (1)连接的两部分必须是相同的句子成分,句子重心在后者。其中的also有时可以省略。例如:

  Mary not only sings well but also dances well.玛丽不仅歌唱得好,而且舞跳得也好。

  My mother knows not only English but alsoFrench. 我妈妈不仅懂英语,而且还懂法语。

  (2)用“not only ...but also”连接两个主语时,谓语动词的形式须与后一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如:

  Not only you but also I am planning to gothere. 不仅你,而且我也准备去那儿。

  Not only the teacher but also the studentswere invited. 不但那位教师受到邀请,而且学生们也受到了邀请。

  (3)not only位于句首以示强调时,其后分句的主语和谓语要用部分倒装语序,即将助动词、情态动词或be动词等放在主语之前。例如:

  Mary is not only a doctor but she is also awriter. (= Not only is Mary a doctor but she is also awriter.) 玛丽不但是个大夫,而且还是个作家。

  (4)not only ...butalso不能用于否定句,在否定句中可以用as well as。 例如:

  His mother, as well as hisfather, does not have a job. 他的父亲与他的母亲一样,都没有工作。

  不可说:Not only his mother but also his father doesnot have a job.

  另外,句中get to spend中的get意为“开始感觉到、认识、成为……某事物”,用来说明有一个过程。例如:

  You’ll get to realize that these things don’tmatter. 你将会知道这些事无关紧要。

  She’s getting to be an old lady now. 她现在可算是一位老太太了。

  4.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. (P64他想到的那些办法结果证明是成功的。

  (1)that he came upwith是定语从句,修饰前面的先行词strategies。 The strategies是主句的主语, worked out是主句谓语动词。

  (2)come up with意为“想出”,相当于think up, think out。 例如:

  We must come up with/think up/think out a goodplan. 我们得想出一个好办法。

  Let’s put our heads together and see if we cancome up with/think up/think out anything. 咱们来集思广益,看是否能想出什么办法。

  (3)work out可用作不及物短语动词,意思是“得到圆满解决、情况进行良好”,后面不接宾语,也不能用“人”作主语。例如:

  Things will work out if you will just bepatient. 如果你还耐心一点的话,事情会得到圆满解决的。

  (4)fine是副词,意思是“好、顺利”。例如:

  The machine works fine. 这台机器运行良好。

  Sam is doing fine in his new business. 萨姆在他的新业务中一切进展顺利。

  5.For sure,you have helped make it possible for me to have “Lucky”, who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66毫无疑问,你们已经帮我拥有了“幸运”,它使我的生活充满了快乐。

  (1)make it possiblefor me to have “Lucky”是省去to的动词不定式,作help的宾语。 make后接复合宾语, it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式的复合结构for me to have “Lucky”,possible是宾语补足语。 who has filled my life with pleasure是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Lucky(狗的名字)。

  (2)find,think, make等动词后面常可接形容词作宾语补足语,构成“动词 + 宾语 + (形容词)宾语补足语”结构。例如:

  We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室的整洁。

  The students should do more exercise and makethemselves strong. 学生应多参加体育锻炼,使自己的身体强健。

当宾语比较长时,通常将it放在宾语的位置上用作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语置于宾语补足语的后面。例如:

  You’ll find it useful to learn even a littleEnglish after you leave school. 毕业后你会发现学一点英语也有用。

  Do you think it possible to finish the workthis week? 你认为在本周内有可能完成这项工作吗?

  (3)动词不定式复合结构由“for/of+ sb + to do ...”构成,在句中可作主语、宾语、状语等。例如:

  It’s clever of you to leave away then. 你当时离去是明智之举。

  They found it very difficult for Danny to getup so early. 他们发现要丹尼起这么早很困难。

  The box is too heavy for them to carry. 箱子太重他们抬不动。

  

Unit 9 When was it invented?

  

  1.They’re used for seeing in the dark. (P69它们被用于在黑夜里观看。

  be used for意为“被用来做……”,介词for指目的和用途。例如:

  Wood can be used for making paper. 木材可以用来造纸。

  What is the knife used for? 这把刀子是干什么用的?

  常见的含有be used的短语还有:

  (1)be used as意为“被用作……”,介词as意为“作为”,其后一般接名词。例如:

  This book can be used as a textbook. 这本书可以当作教科书来用。

  “Look” can be used as anoun. “look”可作名词用。

  (2)be used by表示“被……使用”, by后接动作的执行者。例如:

  The computer is often used by our teacher. 电脑常常归我们老师使用。

  This kind of machine is used by farmers forgetting in crops. 这种机器被农民用来收割庄稼。

  2.I think it would be better to have ... (P70我认为拥有……会更好些。

  句中的would是情态动词,用于委婉地表达自己的意见和看法,没有时态的限制。例如:

  He would never do anything to hurt you. 他绝不会做任何伤害你的事。

  I would look at the problem a littledifferently. 我对这个问题的看法略有不同。

  I would think the journey will take somethinglike two weeks. 依我看,这次旅行大约需要两个星期的时间。

  3.Did you know that tea,the most popular drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident(P72你知道,茶,这种世界上(继水之后)最受欢迎的饮品是偶然发明的吗?

  (1)the most populardrink in the world (after water) 是tea的同位语。这种同位语可见于下例句中:

  This is my friend Harry. 这是我的朋友哈利。

  We teachers should be responsible for it. 我们老师就对此负责。

  This is Mr. Johnson,director of the health center. 这是约翰先生,医疗中心的主任。

  (2)by accident意为“偶然地,碰巧”,相当于by chance。 例如:

  X-rays were first discovered by a Germanscientist, William Konrad Rontgen,in 1895, almost by accident. X射线是1895年由德国科学家威廉•康拉德•伦琴几乎是在无意中首先发现的。

  It was only by accident (bychance) that I saw her. 我只是偶尔见过她。

  4.According to an ancient Chinese legend, the emperor Shen Nung discovered tea when hewas boiling drinking water over an open fire. (P72根据古代中国的传说故事,神农氏在一堆篝火上煮饮用水时发现了茶。

  according to表示“据(某人)所述、根据(某事物)”,也表示“根据、依照(某事物)”。例如:

  According to John there will be a meeting nextweek. 据约翰说,下周要召开一个会议。

  Everything went on well according to our plan.一切都是按照我们的计划顺利进行的。

  5.Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for sometime. (P72附近丛林里的一些树叶掉进了水里,并留在那里很长时间。

  (1)fall into在这里作“落入、陷入”解,有时它也可以作“开始”解。例如:

  He fell into conversation with me. 他开始和我交谈起来。

  They fell into talk about the future of thefarm. 他们开始谈论农场的未来。

  (2)remain 表示“留下”、“保持”,指在他人走后某人仍留在原处或保持原来状态,后面通常不接宾语。例如:

  She remains in the house all these days. 她这些天一直呆在那栋房子里不出来。

  Three out of four of them remained single. 他们四个人中有三个人还是单身。

  remain还有“剩下、残余”之意。例如:

I can’t go to the cinema because I have a lot of homeworkremained undone. 我不能去看电影,因为我还有很多作业没有做。

 

 

Unit 10 By the time I got outside, thebus had already left.

  

  1.When I got to school,I realized I had left my backpack at home. (P77我到了学校,发现把书包落在家里了。

  Have you ever forgotten to bring your homeworkto school? (P78) 你是否曾经忘记将作业带到学校了呢?

  以上两句中的leave与forget都有“忘”的意思,但它们之间有以下区别:

  (1)leave主要用于将某物“遗忘”在某个地方。例如:

  When I went back home I suddenly found I hadleft my bicycle in front of our school library. 我回家时,突然发现自己把自行车落在学校图书馆前面了。

  Tony could not come into his office because hehad left his keys in his lab. 托尼进不了办公室,因为他把钥匙忘在实验室里了。

  (2)forget意为“忘记”。例如:

  I forget his name. 我想不起他的名字了。

  I forgot to bring my dictionary with me. Ileft it at home. 我忘记带词典了,我把它丢在家里了

  注意: forget后接动词不定式时,表示“忘记要做某事”(动词不定式所表示的动作尚未发生);后接动名词时,表示“忘记已经做过或发生过某事”(动名词所表示的动作已经发生)。试比较:

  I forgot to tell her the news. 我忘记把这个消息告诉她了。

  I forgot telling her the news. 我忘了曾告诉过她这个消息。

  2.My alarm clock didn't go off,and by the time I woke up,my father had already gone into the bathroom and I had to wait for him to comeout. (P78我的闹钟坏了,因此等我醒来的时候,我父亲已经进去洗澡了,我只好等他出来。

  (1)go off意为“发出声音”,句中didn't go off是“闹钟没有响”的意思。例如:

  The thieves ran away when the burglar alarmwent off. 防盗警报器一响,窃贼立刻逃走了。

  The signal pistol went off with a bang. 信号枪砰地一声响了。

  (2)by the time相当于连词when或as, 意思是“到……时候”、“到……之前”。该短语后跟谓语动词为一般过去时的从句,主句的谓语动词常为过去完成时。例如:

  By the time he was ten,he had built a chemistry lab himself. 在他十岁的时候,就自己建了一个化学实验室。

  By the time I got to the cinema,the film had already been on for 10 minutes. 在我到达电影院时,电影已经上映10分钟了。

  (3)wait for后接人或事物时,表示“等候某人或事”的到来。如果表示“等候某人做某事”,用wait for sb to do sth。 例如:

  There is a Wang waiting for you at the gate. 有个姓王的人在大门口等你。

  I'm waiting for James to arrive. 我正等候詹姆斯的到来。

  3.When I got to school,the final bell was ringing. I only just made it to my class. (P78我到学校的时候,上课铃正在响。我刚好正点赶上上课时间。

  (1)学生上课时,通常要打两遍铃。第一遍叫firstbell, 即预备铃;第二遍叫second bell或final bell, 即上课铃。

  (2)made it在这里表示“按时到达某地、成功”的意思。例如:

  You can make it if you hurry. 如果你快一点的话,就会按时赶到的。

  make it是一个惯用语,使用的场合很广泛,其涵义及用法主要有: ① 约定时间或日期; ② 及时到达某地或赶上车船;③ 做到(某事),成功,达到预期的目的; ④ 战胜个人伤痛、死亡。例如:

  —Shall we meet next week? 下星期我们碰一次头好吗?

  —Yes, let's make itnext Sunday. 好的,让我们约定下周日碰头吧。

  You can't make it to the top of the mountainin such bad weather. 天气这么恶劣,你到不了山顶。

  After years as an unsuccessful businessman,he's finally made it. 经过生意场上多年的失败,他最终还是成功了。

  She's very sick,but that doesn'tmean she can't make it. 当然,她的病情十分严重,但那并不意味着疾病就不可战胜。

  4.What happened to Dave on April Fool's Day?(P79愚人节那天Dave出了什么事?

  (1)happen to sb/sth 意为“……发生在某人身上/某事上”。例如:

  What happened to the radio? (=What is wrong/the matter/the trouble with the radio?) 收音机怎么样了?

  What will happen to the children if Peter andAlice break up? 如果彼得和爱丽丝离婚,他们的孩子怎么办呢?

  She hoped nothing bad would happen to him. 她希望不会有坏事发生在他身上。

  (2)happen意为“碰巧”,通常用于“happen to do sth或it happens + that从句”。例如:

  I happened to have no money with me that day. (=It happened that I had no money with me that day.) 那天我碰巧没带钱。

5. Welles was so convincing thathundreds of people believed the story and panic set off across the wholecountry. (P80) Welles的话具有说服力,因此好几百人都相信了他的话,全国处于一片恐慌之中。

  (1)so ... that ... 意为“如此……以致……;那样……以致……”, that后面的从句表示结果, so后面常接形容词或副词的原级,有时也可以接名词,但是名词前通常有many, much, few,little等修饰语。例如:

  He ran so fast that we couldn't catch up withhim. 他跑得太快,我们追不上他。

  He had so many falls that he could ride a bikeat last. 他摔了很多跤,终于学会了骑车。

  so that意为“为了、以便”,引导目的状语从句。so that也可以引导结果状语从句,但前面一般要用逗号隔开。例如:

  Speak clearly so that they can understand you.你讲清楚些,让他们都能听懂。

  She was ill, so that she wasunable to go with you. 她病了,不能和你一起去了。

  (2)the whole country意为“全国”,相当于all the country。 两者之间的区别是: all一般位于冠词、物主代词或其他限定词之前,即“all + 限定词 + 单数名词”; whole则位于这些词之后,即“限定词 + whole + 单数名词”。试比较:

  All the school is very happy. (=The whole school is very happy.) 全校学生都很开心。

  切记:我们可以说all day, 但不能说wholeday。

  whole与all的后面也可接复数名词。即:“all + 限定词 + 复数名词; the whole of + 复数名词”。试比较:

  All the students are busy cleaning thestreets. 全体学生都忙于打扫街道。

  The whole of the students went to the zoo. 全体学生都去动物园了。

  6.He asked her to marry him. She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married. (P80他叫她和他结婚。她感到非常紧张,因为她确实想结婚。

  辨析marry和be married:

  (1)动词marry可以用作及物动词或不及物动词。它用作及物动词时,意为“嫁给”、“娶”、“和……结婚”。它用作不及物动词时,意为“结婚”,常有状语修饰。例如:

  I'm going to marry John. 我要和约翰结婚了。

  She married a man with a lot of money. 她嫁给了一个很有钱的男人。

  He married late. 他结婚很晚。

  (2)marry是终止性动词,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。试译:

  我结婚三年了。

  误: I have married for three years.

  正: I have been married for three years.

  (3)be/get married常用来表示婚姻状况。在这里married指状态。例如:

  Is she married? 她结婚了没有?

  He didn't get married when I knew him. 我认识他时,他还没有结婚。

  My aunt is married,but she has no children. 我的姑姑结婚了,但没有孩子。

  (4)marry和bemarried后面都不能跟介词with,但be married后面可跟介词to。例如:

  She was married to my cousin. 她和我的表哥结了婚。