航母的驾驶舱在哪里:温家宝在美国科学杂志撰文:提倡自由学术争鸣

来源:百度文库 编辑:偶看新闻 时间:2024/04/27 17:19:00
   温家宝在美国科学杂志撰文:提倡自由学术争鸣
  2008-11-01 来源: 中国新闻网(北京)
  核心提示:10月31日出版的美国《科学》杂志刊登温家宝的文章《科学与中国现代化》。文章提倡自由的学术争鸣,鼓励探索,宽容失败。
  中新社北京十月三十一日电 记者获悉,今天出版的美国《科学》杂志刊登题为《科学与中国现代化》的文章,作者为中国国务院总理温家宝。文章说,新的科学发现和技术发明造就了新的文明,催生了现代产业的迅速崛起,也深刻影响着国家间的强弱兴衰。中国正在进行着人类历史上前所未有的现代化工程。
  温家宝在文中列举了中国基础科学和技术创新在过去半个世纪取得的巨大成就:每年的国际论文总数和发明专利申请总量都已位居世界前列,形成了载人航天、高性能计算机、第三代移动通信等一批成果。高新技术产业在全部制造业中的比重已达到百分之十五以上。
  温家宝表示,他坚信科学是最高意义上的革命。在当前国际金融动荡对世界经济造成严重冲击的情况下,依靠科技进步促进实体经济的发展显得尤为重要。经济社会发展必须依靠科学技术,科学技术工作必须面向经济社会发展。要依靠科学技术,促进经济结构调整,转变发展方式,维护粮食和能源安全,应对全球气候变化。
  在国际科学合作方面,温家宝指出,科学无国界。中国的科学技术事业需要更加广泛深入地融入世界,世界也需要在科学技术上更有作为的中国。碰撞才能产生火花,交流才能丰富想象。许多中国科学家走向国际学术殿堂,在与国际同行的相互学习和借鉴中得到了提高,同时也为世界科学技术事业的繁荣和发展做出了贡献。
  温家宝强调,中国科学技术的来来,从根本上依赖于今天对年轻科学技术人才的吸纳、培养和使用。因此,中国科学技术政策的核心是,不拘一格,海纳百川,让广大科学技术人才特别是青年才俊脱颖而出,让各种创新思维竞相迸发。
  他表示,中国要深化科学技术体制改革,调整科学研究的布局,合理配置公共资源,提升创新能力。此外,提倡自由的学术争鸣,优化学术环境,形成宽松活跃的学术氛围,鼓励探索,宽容失败。
  “我们对中国科学技术事业的前景充满信心,一个硕果累累的科学的秋天即将来临,这对于人类共同的文明和福祉将会产生积极而深远的影响。”文章写到。
  九月底,温家宝在北京曾接受《科学》主编、美国科学院前院长布鲁斯·艾伯茨专访。访谈内容已于十月十七日发表在该杂志及其网站。八年前,时任中国国家主席的江泽民,也曾经接受《科学》专访并为该杂志撰写了题为《科学在中国:意义与承诺》的评论。 (本文来源:中国新闻网 ) 
  人民亲爱的温家宝总理在《science》发文章了
  Science and China’s Modernization
  Wen jiabao
  Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China
  Science 31 October 2008: Vol. 322. no. 5902, p. 649
  The history of modernization is in essence a history of scientific and technological progress.. Scientific discovery and technological inventions have brought about new civilizations, modern industries, and the rise and fall of nations. China is now engaged in a modernization drive unprecedented in the history of humankind.
  Over the past half century, China has made great achievements in basic science and technological innovation. It now ranks among the top nations in the annual number of papers published internationally and patent applications filed. China has also made achievements in such areas as manned space flight, high-performance computers, super–large-scale integrated circuits, and third-generation telecommunications technology. High-tech industry has experienced rapid growth, accounting for over 15% of the manufacturing industry.
  Francis Bacon, the 16th-century English philosopher, referred to science as a means to improve humankind’s lot. Today, the hybrid rice variety developed by Chinese scientists has been adopted for planting in over three million hectares and has become a “golden key” to meeting China’s own food needs and boosting world cereal production. Scientific and technological development in the realm of health has also increased average life expectancy in China to that in developed countries.
  To encourage further innovation, the Chinese government has formulated a Mid- to Long-Term Plan for Development of Science and Technology (2006–2020), which highlights research in the basic sciences and frontier technologies, with priority given to energy, water resources, and environmental protection. We strive to develop independent intellectual property rights in areas of information technology and new materials, while strengthening the application of biotechnology to agriculture, industry, population, and health.
  The future of China’s science and technology depends fundamentally on how we attract, train, and use young scientific talents today. Thus, at the core of our science and technology policy is attracting a diverse range of talents, especially young people, into science and providing them with an environment that brings out the best of their creative ideas.
  In the field of science and technology, we will intensify institutional reform, restructure scientific research, rationally allocate public resources, and enhance innovation capability. We advocate free academic debate under a lively academic atmosphere, where curiosity-driven exploration is encouraged and failure tolerated.
  Science has no boundaries. China’s endeavors in science and technology need to be more integrated with those of the world, and the world needs a China that is vibrant and able to deliver more in science and technology. Just as collisions generate sparks, exchange and communication enrich imagination and creativity. Many Chinese scientists have stepped into the international academic arena, where they and their foreign colleagues learn from each other and jointly contribute to the worldwide development of science and technology.
  To encourage the learning and application of science among the general public, we need to embrace a scientific culture by promoting scientific rationality while cherishing Chinese cultural heritage. Enlightened by science, the rich and profound Chinese culture is bound to shine more gloriously.
  I firmly believe that science is the ultimate revolution. At a time when the current global financial turmoil is dealing a heavy blow to the world economy, it has become all the more important to rely on scientific and technological progress to promote growth in the real economy. Economic and social development must rely on science and technology, and science and technology must serve economic and social development. We will rely on science and technology to promote economic restructuring, transform development patterns, safeguard food and energy security, and address global climate change. We are confident that China will reap a rich harvest in science and technology and that this will have positive and far-reaching effects on human civilization and the well-being of humankind.
  温家宝:科学和中国的现代化
  译者 彬博
  来源:2008年10月31日《科学》
  现代化历史的本质是科学与技术的进步史。科学发现与技术发明带动了新文明与现代工业的兴起,并影响着民族的兴衰。中国正在进行一场人类历史上前所未有的现代化进程。
  在过去的半个世纪里,中国在基础研究和技术创新方面取得了伟大的成就。现在,中国在国际上的论文发表和专利申请数量已经名列世界前茅。中国在载人航天、高性能计算机、大规模集成电路以及第三代通讯技术等领域也取得了很大的成就。占制造业 15%强的高新技术产业正在蓬勃发展。
  16世纪的英国哲学家弗朗西斯o培根将科学誉为改善人类命运的手段。今天,300多万公顷的农田种上了中国科学家研制的杂交水稻,杂交水稻已经成为满足中国本国粮食需求和促进世界谷物产量的"金钥匙"。科学与技术在医药健康领域的发展也将中国的人均寿命提高到了发达国家的水平。
  为了进一步促进创新,中国政府制定了《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006- 2020年)》,强调基础科学领域和前沿技术的研究,特别是在能源、水资源以及环境保护等方面。我们努力在信息技术以及新材料等领域发展自主知识产权,并强调将生物技术应用于农业、工业、人口和健康。
  从根本上讲,中国科技的未来取决于今天我们如何吸引和训练年轻科学家,并发挥他们的才干。因此,我们的科技政策的核心是将各种各样的人才特别是青年才俊吸引到科研创新中来,并为他们提供良好的环境,让他们最大程度地发挥创造力。
  在科技领域,我们将加强机构改革,重组科研体系,合理分配公共资源,提升创新能力。我们提倡在活跃的学术氛围下进行自由的讨论,鼓励在好奇心的驱动下不断探索,并且宽容失败。
  科学无国界。中国在科技领域的种种努力需要融入世界,世界也需要一个充满活力和不断创新的中国。正如碰撞产生火花,交流有助于丰富想像力,提高创造力。许多中国科学家已经步入了国际学术舞台,他们与国际同行相互学习,共同为世界科学与技术发展做出贡献。
  为鼓励公众学习和应用科学技术,我们需要在通过促进科学理性提倡科学文化的同时珍惜中国的传统文化。在科学之光的普照下,博大精深的中国文化必将因为科学的普照而更加辉煌灿烂。
  我坚信,科学是最高意义上的革命。当今世界经济正面临全球金融危机的巨大冲击,依靠科技进步促进实体经济发展就显得尤其重要。
  经济和社会发展必须依赖科学技术;科学技术必须服务于经济和社会发展。我们将依靠科学技术推动经济结构调整、转换发展模式、保障食品和能源安全,以及处理全球气候变化问题。我们相信中国的科学技术将结硕果;相信科学技术将对人类文明和福祉产生积极而深远的影响。