儿童诵读经典读什么:付不起租金？那就买下它吧

为付租金而挣扎？买不起房子？再仔细想想吧。《个人理财》编辑西蒙-里德，将向你揭示迈上阶梯的秘诀。

Wednesday, 19 October 2011

2011年10月19日，星期三

Richard Greenwood, a 30-year-old charity worker, had to live with relatives for a year before he could afford to buy a house

30岁的理查德-格林伍德，是一名慈善工作者，由于先前买不起房子，只得和亲戚们一起共住了一年

Borrow from parents

向父母借钱

Not all parents are able to hand over the tens of thousands of pounds it can take to get you on the property ladder, but they can help by acting as guarantor. It's not a decision to take lightly; guarantors are liable for the whole loan if anything goes wrong, so legal advice is important. 

不是所有的父母都有能力拿出几万英镑给自己的子女，让他们登上不动产的阶梯，但是父母却能以担保人的形式帮助儿女。这个决定可不是开玩笑的，当出现任何问题时，担保人要负责偿还全额贷款的，因此，法律咨询是非常重要的。

An alternative is for parents to use some of the equity from their own home as part of deposit. Some lenders accept savings: a parent would need to put around 20 per cent of the value of the loan into a savings account. 

父母还有另外一种办法，他们可以用自身房产的部分产权作为存款。有些放贷发接受存款：家长需要在账户中存入贷款总额的20%左右。

Bath building society and National Counties, for instance, will both lend up to 95 per cent of the value of a property under parent-related deals. 

例如巴斯社会建设以及国家郡县，对于家长抵押的借贷行为，最高可借得价值为不动产95%的资金。

Buy with friends

与朋友共买

Lenders are open to the idea of joint mortgages although each of you will need to raise your own deposit and show that you can afford to repay the loan. Some lenders will take into account only two incomes when deciding how much to lend. 

放贷方接受多人组合借贷行为，但是每个人都需要拿出自身的存款，并且证明自己可以偿还借款。有些放贷方在决定是否放贷之时，只考虑有两份收入的贷款人。

It can seem like an ideal solution but potential homebuyers need to look closely at the practicalities. 

这似乎是一种完美的解决方法，但是购房人需要仔细考量实际的可操作性。

While flatsharing can be fun, when you own the property other factors come into play, not least the responsibility for maintaining it. You must be sure that anyone you buy with is responsible enough to pay the mortgage as well as pulling their weight when it comes to chores and odd jobs. 

合住是件有趣的事情，但只要你拥有房子，其他的因素便会羼杂其中，至少每个人都要对房屋的保养负责吧。你必须确定和你一起申房贷的人能对贷款负责，并且，你还要肯定，当琐事缠身、怪事不断的时候，他(她)能够做好分内的事宜。

You also need to think about what will happen when someone wants to move out and sell. It's essential to draw up a contract covering all eventualities. 

当室友想搬出去了或者想卖掉房子时，你也要想到出现这种情况的后果。有必要拟定一份涵盖到所有结果的合约。

Shared ownership 

共享所有权

Under shared-ownership schemes – which are run by housing associations – you buy a share of a home and pay rent on the rest, which is still owned by the housing association. 

房屋协会有一种名为共享所有权的运作方式，在此种方式下，你可以购买房屋的一部分，其余的则只需付租金，而房屋的所有者还是房屋协会。

You can buy from just a quarter of a property to up to 75 per cent and rent the balance until you can afford to buy the rest, in stages if necessary. 

你可以购买房屋的四分之一到四分之三，租赁余下的部分，如果必要的话，可以一步步地购买，直至你买下房屋的全部。

The government-backed shared ownership scheme is called HomeBuy and is open to households earning less than ￡60,000 a year who would otherwise not be able to afford a home in their area. 

政府支持的共享所有权计划名为“Homebuy”。该计划的受益人群为年收入低于6万英镑，在居住区域买不起房子的家庭。

It's available to first-time buyers or those who rent from the council or a housing association as well as key workers, although qualification can vary across the country. You could also qualify even if you once owned a home, as long as you can't afford to buy one now. 

首次购房者、立法会及房屋协会的租客以及必需工作者均可申请，尽管每个国家的申请资历各有不同。即便你曾经有房，也可以获得申请资格，只要你现在买不起房子。

译者注：Key worker：必需工作者，是公共部门的职员，为社会提供必需的服务，却买不起房子。详细请见：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_worker

With property prices down in many areas, the scheme could actually work to your advantage because you will not only get a leg up on to the property ladder, but also when you buy new shares in your home you'll pay the going market rate. If prices have fallen in your area, the cost of the rest of the home will be cheaper. 

随着多区域房价的下跌，此计划真的能给你带来益处。因为，你不只迈入了“有产”阶级，而且当你增持房屋的股权时，你已经偿付了不断上涨的市场利率。假如你所在区的房价下跌，剩下来的那部分房屋费就变得便宜了。

Under the HomeBuy scheme you can also arrange a loan of up to 30 per cent of the value of a property which will allow you to get a lower rate mortgage. 

"HomeBuy"计划中，你还可以借贷房产30%(至多)的金额，这样便可以获得更低的抵押贷款利率。

The loan has no fees for five years but when you sell the property the housing association must be repaid the same percentage of the sale value. 

这笔贷款在五年内是没有利息的，但如果你卖掉了房子，你必须按照同样的百分比，将售款的一部分付给房屋协会。

So if you borrow ￡30,000 towards a ￡100,000 property and sell it at ￡200,000, you'd have to repay ￡60,000.

因此，假如对于一个价值10万英镑的房子，你借贷了3万英镑，然后你以20万英镑的价格将其售出，那么，你需偿还6万英镑。

Rent to buy 

先租后买

Renting can be a step to buying through the Rent to HomeBuy schemes offered through housing associations. 

通过房屋协会的 “Rent to HomeBuy”计划，租房也可以最终买房。

Under the schemes you can rent a new home from a housing association for up to five years and pay just 80 per cent of the open-market rent. But you must commit to saving the rest of the rental value towards buying a shared-ownership property. 

在此种计划中，你可以以市场租价的80%的价格，从房屋协会那租一套新房，并且最长可租五年。但是，你必须承诺将租租金的差价存入银行，用以购买一套“共享所有权”的房子。

Once you have saved the money you would enter a HomeBuy scheme and be able to buy from 25 per cent of a property. So if you rented a ￡100,000 home you wanted to buy, you'd need to save at least ￡25,000 over five years. 

一旦你存了钱，你就加入了“HomeBuy”计划，而且只需购买房产的25%。所以，假如你租了一套价值10万英镑的房子，并决定买下它，你就必须在五年内存入至少25000英镑。

Right to buy

马上就买

If you're a council house tenant in England and Wales – the scheme has been abolished in Scotland – you may be entitled to buy the home you rent. You will get a discount based on how long you have been a tenant (at least five years), where you live, and whether it's a flat or a house. 

假如你是一名英格兰或威尔士的公屋租客(苏格拉已废弃该计划)，你便有权购买它。视租赁时长、公屋所在地及房屋类型(公寓或单房)，你将获得不同的折扣。

The discount varies across the country but is as much as ￡38,000 in some areas in the southeast of England, falling to ￡16,000 in London and Wales. 

各地的折现都不同，英格兰东南的某些地区大概为38000英镑，而伦敦和威尔士则只有16000英镑。

You'll then need a normal mortgage, which should be reasonably easy bearing in mind the discount – and the instant equity you will have. 

之后，你需要一个常规的按揭。很自然地，你会牢记住贴现以及立即持有的股份。

If you choose to sell the property within five years, you'll have to repay some or all of the discount, depending on how much time has passed. 

如果你选择在五年内卖掉房产，你则需要偿还部分或全部的贴现，视年限而定。

Housebuilders' deals

与房屋建筑者谈协议

Builders are keen to sell their properties and many have teamed up with lenders to set up deals aimed at attracting first-time buyers. 

房屋建筑者十分乐于卖掉自己的房子，并且他们中的很多人会跟贷方合作，共同草拟协议，以吸引首次买房者。

Lenders such as Melton Mowbray and Saffron building societies and the Woolwich – owned by Barclays – have linked with the likes of Taylor Wimpey and Bovis to offer 95 per cent loans. 

诸如梅尔顿莫布雷和藏红花建设社会和巴克莱下属的伍尔维奇这样的贷方，已经和泰勒-温培、鲍维斯之类的建筑公司联合，共同提供95%的贷款。

Barratt has a deal though which it will lend parents up to ￡50,000 to cover a child's deposit.

巴拉特公司有一个协议，最多能给办理儿童存款的父母以五万英镑的贷款。

Buy a property at auction 

在拍卖会上买房子

There are huge bargains to be found at auction, but you need to be level-headed. Find out how much work is needed on a property to make it habitable. What kind of work is needed and how much can you tackle? How much will you have to pay contractors to carry out essential repairs? 

拍卖会中往往可以捡到大便宜，但是你要保持冷静。你要弄清使房子变得适宜居住所需的努力。——哪种努力是必须的？你能应对到何种程度？为了修葺旧宅，你需要付给立约人多少钱？

There's also the emotional aspect of buying a property at auction. Many are repossessed properties that have been snatched back from homeowners who couldn't afford their mortgages. How would you feel about benefiting from someone else's misfortune?

在拍卖会中买房子也有情感的原因。许多曾经无法负担贷款的房屋拥有者，都是通过拍卖重新取回房产的所有权的。从他人的不幸中获利，你作何想？

Young suffering more than elderly

年轻人比年长者更煎熬

Young people's spending power has been squeezed substantially more than that of the elderly in recent years, according to research from the Institute for Fiscal Studies.

财政研究所的研究显示，近年来，相对于年长者，年轻人的购买力已被更彻底的榨干。

The think-tank found that the average rise in annual expenditure in 2008 and 2009 for households in which the oldest person was under 35 was seven percentage points below pre-recession levels. But in households in which the oldest person was over 65 there was no significant fall.

The research also shows that the impact of the downturn on average household spending has been greater than in previous recessions. Spending was down around 5 per cent, adjusted for inflation, between early 2008 and mid 2009. In the recessions of the early 1980s and early 1990s, household spending fell by just 3 per cent.

智囊团发现，在最大年龄不足35岁的家庭中，其2008和2009年的年度开支的平均增长比衰退前水平低7%。但是对于最大超过65岁的家庭，其开支没有明显的降低。

该研究还表明，此次衰退期对于平均家庭支出的影响，大于以往的萧条。在2009年中期和2008年之间，支出大约降低了5%(调整通货膨胀后)。在19世纪80年代和90年代的经济萧条期内，家庭支出仅降低了3%。

Ben Chu

本-朱

Case studies: On (and off) the ladder

个案研究：登上(以及掉落)阶梯

Amy Samson, 33

艾米-萨姆森，33岁

Artist and songwriter 

艺术家及作曲家

"The best I could hope for in London is a one-bed flat which I could possibly share with my boyfriend but even that would be a stretch and I don't really want to depend on someone else. 

“在伦敦，我最希望的就是拥有一间有单人床的公寓，那样我就能和男友共处了。但是，这还需要时间，而且我不想倚靠其他人。”

"When the opportunity came up to buy my brother-in-law's flat back home in Dundee for ￡72,000, I thought I should do that and rent it out. But the lenders were demanding a 25 per cent deposit on a buy-to-let mortgage, which I just can't afford. Some told me to just claim I was using it as a holiday home but I don't want to be dishonest.

“我有一个买下妹夫的公寓的机会，那间在敦提的房子售价为72000英镑，那时我想，我应该买下它并将它租出去。但是，贷方要求支付按揭25%的款项，对此我无法承受。有些人告诉我，去声明自己仅仅把它作为一间度假屋，但是我不想表现出不诚实。”

"I don't think I will ever escape. I cannot save up the money to put down on a house while I'm paying out around 40 per cent of net monthly income on a mortgage."

“我不认为自己是一直逃避下去。我存不下足够的钱去买一套房子，但可以用每月净收入40%去偿还按揭。”

Richard Greenwood, 30

理查德-格林伍德，30

Charity worker 

慈善工作者

"I would never have been able to afford the 90 per cent mortgage I took out if I did not do a full year living rent-free and that is just not an option for most people. My wife, Kasia, and I were very lucky to be able to live with relatives and my parents also gave us a little money. I was paying around 40 per cent of my monthly net earnings [on rent] before moving to London.

“假如不是全年免租，那么我将永远无法偿付按揭的那90%，这对于绝大多数人来说不是一种选择。我老婆，卡西亚和我是十分幸运的，我们能够住在亲戚家，而且我的父母也给了我们一些钱。在搬到伦敦之前，我净收入的40%都用来偿付了(租金)。”

"We are not saving money each month by paying a mortgage instead of rent, but owning our home gives us a lot more security. I have a lot of envious friends who are worried they will never be in a position to own their own home."

“不租房而是买按揭，我们虽然存不了钱，但是拥有自己的房子给了我们极大的安全感。我有许多嫉妒我的朋友，他们担心永远都不会有能力拥有属于自己的房子。”

Kevin Rawlinson

凯文-罗林森