米面已经生虫子怎么办:非谓语做宾补

    一、动词不定式作宾补

    不定式的基本属性是表示“将来”。在英语中有些动词要求接动词不定式作宾补，表示了动作将发生在谓语动词的动作之后。这些动词常见的有：ask, tell, cause, force, want, enable, feel, find, get, let, allow, wish, want, like, know, intend, expect, prefer, permit, request, hear, help, order, invite, encourage, warn, remind, oblige etc.

[例题1]  (2003常州高三模拟测试题 •24)

    His parents meant him ______ science research, but he showed no interest and turned poet.

    A. going in for                 B. to have gone in for

    C. to go in for                 D. having gone in for

    解析  本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。动词mean（想要）后接不定式作宾补。题干的后半句“对此没有兴趣，就当了诗人”表明他已使父母的愿望落空。所以，用不定式完成体。[答案：B]

[例题2]  (2004太原高三模拟考试（二）•24)

    Parents should encourage their children ______ their own decisions in order to develop their independence

    A. making     B. made       C. to make       D. to have made

    解析  本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。Allow 后面要跟带to 的不定式作宾补。D项表示动作处于完成状态，不合题义。[答案：C]

[例题3]  (2004昆明市高三模拟题•24)

    —Do you have anything _____, sir?

    —No, thank you.

    A. to type       B. to be typed    C. type         D. typing

    解析  本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。题干中的have sth to be done 不同于have sth to do。前者中的to be done作宾补，表示有事情让他人做；而后者中的to do 作定语，表示自己有事要做。 [答案：B]

[例题4]  (2004湖北省重点中学高三第二学联考题•31)

    —What would you need, besides a sewing-machine, _____ a dress?

    —You’d have to have some material and a pair of scissors.

    A. make       B. made        C. making       D. to make

    解析  本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。题干中的besides a sewing-machine是插入成分。简化后可以清晰地看出“Sb need sth to do sth”这一基本句型。[答案：D]

    二、To be 不定式作宾补

    在英语中有些动词要求接 to be不定式作宾补，用来说明逻辑主语的身份特征。这些动词常见的有：Believe, consider, discover, declare, dind, feel, know, think, prove, suppose, turn out, judge, imagine, guess etc.

[例题5]  (2003广州市高中毕业班综合测试（一）•25)

    —What does Mr. White think of Tom?

    —He ______ Tom a good student.

    A. recognize     B. believes       C. considers      D. agree

    解析  本题考查动词的用法。题中的believe 和 consider 都可以跟to be 不定式作宾补。如果是名词作不定式的表语，consider后的to be 可以省掉，而believe 只有在形容词作表语时才可以省掉to be。[答案：C]

[例题6]  (2004宁波十校联考•30)

    —How old is he?

    —I should suppose ________ about twenty.

    A. him to be      B. him being     C. to be         D. he be

    解析  本题考查suppose后面跟复合结构作宾语。Suppose 后可以接从句，但一般用陈述语气。所以选A, 即用to be 不定式作宾补。[答案：A]

这种结构在书面语言中使用较多，而在口语中多用宾语从句。在think, believe, consider, find 等词后，to be 不定式通常可以不用，例如：

    They found the answer (to be) quite satisfactory.

    I believe him (to be) right.

    三、省掉to 的不定式作宾补

    在英语中有两种动词可以接省掉to 的不定式作宾补。一类是使役动词let, make 和 have，表示动作发生在谓语动作之后；另一类是感官动词see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, hear, feel 等。这些动词后使用省掉to 的不定式强调动作的结果，表示动作发生了。

[例题7]  (2003烟台市高考适应性练习（三）•29)

    It is encouraging to see millions on the earth who had nothing but a record of misery and hunger ______ the chance to improve their life.

    A. having           B. to have            C. have                D. who have

    解析  本题考查省掉to的不定式作宾补。题干中的who引导的定语从句连同介词短语on theearth都可以理解为干扰成分。简化后便成“It is encouraging to see sb have the chance to do sth”[答案：C]

但是在被动语态中必须在不定式前再加上to。

例题8]  (2002陕西省高考模拟考试（二）•23)

    —Does anyone want an extra ticket to go to the movies?

    —Whom would rather ______ with you, Gorge or me?

    A. to go        B. have gone    C. have go      D. going

    解析  本题考察省掉 to 的不定式作宾补的用法。疑问词whom作使役动词have的宾语，因为被提前，而增加了本题的难度系数。[答案：C]

[例题9]  (2004南阳市高三第二次模拟考试•26)

    —Do you have any clothes ______, sir?

    —No, thank you, I had my daughter ______ them this morning.

    A  to wash; washed           B  washing; wash  

    C  washed; to wash           D  to be washed; wash

    解析  本题既考查不定式的被动形式作宾补，又考查了省掉to的不定式作宾补。第一have sth to be done中的不定式被动形式表示让主语以外的人去做；第二句中have是使役动词，后面要求跟省掉to 的不定式作宾补。[用答案：D]

    四、现在分词作宾补

    在英语中感官动词后还可以接现在分词作宾补，强调动作（当时）正在发生。这类动词有：see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, hear, feel 等。

[例题10]  (2003北京海淀区高三第二学期期末练习•26)

    O’Neal works hard. He is often seen _____ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.

    A. sweated      B. to be sweated  C. sweating     D. being sweated

    解析  本题考查非谓语动词作主补。在本题的主动语态see sb doing结构中，现在分词作宾补，表示动作当时正在进行。所以选用sweating，描写人们看到奥尼尔大汗淋漓的景象。[答案：C]

[例题11]  (2003NMET •22)

    A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen.

    A. smoke      B. smoking     C. to smoke     D. smoked

    解析  本题查考非谓语动词。

[例题12]  (2004北京春招 •32)

    He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

    A. put         B. to be putting  C. to put       D. putting

    解析  本题考查现在分词作宾补。Catch sb doing sth 意思是“无意发现某人（正）在做什么”。B 项是不定式的进行体，表示将来正在做某事，不合题义。 [答案：D]

    五、过去分词作宾补

    在英语中有少数动词可以跟过去分词作宾补, 表明过去分词和逻辑主语之间呈被动关系。这类动词有：Find, feel, hear, see, have, get, leave, like, keep, expect, want, wish, make, order等。

[例题13]  (20022NMET•22)

    The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next year.

    A. carry out     B. carrying out  C. carried out   D. to carry out

    解析  定语从句they would like to see修饰先行词the plan,关系代词that则指代plan, 做see 的宾语,carry out 的对象是plan, 故用过去分词作宾补。

[例题14]  (2003北京宣武区高三质量检测•27)

    You will find the word “psychology” ______ under “P” in your dictionary.

    A. have listed    B. list         C. listed        D. listing

    解析  非谓语动词“列”同逻辑主语“psychology”之间呈被动关系，所以使用过去分词作宾补。[答案：C]

[例题15]  (2003临汾市高考模拟考试•32)

    —What are you up to tomorrow morning?

    —I’m going to the passport office ________.

    A. for stamping my passport     B. to stamp my passport

    C. to have stamped my passport  D. to have my passport stamped

    解析  B和C分别使用了动词不定式的一般体和完成体，但实质含义都是说明由不定式的逻辑主语“I”去给护照盖章，所以不合题义。而D项的意思是（叫人）给护照盖个章，所以使用由名词+过去分词组成的复合结构作宾语。[答案：D]

[例题16]  (2004桂林市高考第一次模拟试题•23)

    The teacher couldn’t make himself _____ attention to because his teaching manner was unattractive.

    A. paid         B. to be paid     C. to pay        D. pay

    解析  本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。本题可以理解为The teacher couldn’t make his students pay attention to himself …。这里用过去分词短语paid attention to 作宾补。[答案：A]