瓦房店最新招工信息:你不得不看：居住环境与你的健康密切相关

研究显示，从非常贫困的社区搬到较好的社区的母亲罹患肥胖和2型糖尿病的风险会降低。

"This research shows how important the environment can be for people's health," says the study's lead author, Jens Ludwig, a professor of social service administration, law and public policy at the University of Chicago.

“该研究表明环境对人的健康是多么重要，”该研究的负责人，芝加哥大学社会服务管理、法律与公共政策教授珍斯·路德维希说。

Obesity increases people's risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease and other serious health problems. People in poorer neighborhoods are at a higher risk of becoming too heavy because they may not have access to grocery stores that are well-stocked with healthy fare such as fresh fruits and vegetables, often don't have safe places to be physically active and may have greater concerns about safety, which could impact their psychological stress and eating habits, Ludwig says.

肥胖症增加了人罹患2型糖尿病、心脏病以及其他严重健康问题的风险。贫困社区的人超重的风险更高，因为他们不可能有机会进入整齐地摆放着新鲜水果和蔬菜这样的健康食品的杂货店，而且，他们通常没有安全的地方进行体力活动，精力大多放在了安全问题上，这势必影响他们的心理压力和饮食习惯，路德维希说。

The study is the first to use data from a randomized experiment to learn about the connection between neighborhoods and risk of obesity and diabetes, he says.

该研究是第一次利用随机实验数据来获知社区与肥胖及糖尿病之间的联系，他说。

Ludwig and colleagues studied about 4,500 women with children who lived in public housing in high-poverty areas (40% or more of the residents had incomes below the federal poverty level) in Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles and New York City. The majority were either black or Hispanic.

路德维希和同事们研究了4500名有孩子的女性，她们居住在高度贫困地区的公共住房里（40%或更多的居民的收入在联邦政府确定的贫困线以下），这些地区涉及巴尔的摩、波士顿、芝加哥、洛杉矶和纽约城。多数是黑人或西班牙裔。

The poverty level for a single mother with two children is currently about $17,500 a year.

目前，对一名带着两个孩子的单身母亲来说，贫困线是年收入大约在17，500美元。

The participants were all part of a long-term housing study by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). From 1994 to 1998, the families who volunteered to participate were randomly assigned to different groups. One group received rent-subsidy vouchers so they could move to a higher-income neighborhood — where about 10% of the residents were below the poverty level. Other women were assigned to the control group and didn't get the rent subsidy.

参加者都是住房和城市发展部进行的长期住房研究的一部分。从1994年到1998年，自愿参与的家庭被随机分配到不同的小组。一个小组领取租金补贴券，他们可以搬到高收入的社区---在那里，大约10%的居民生活在贫困线以下。其他女性被分配到控制组，没有租房补贴。

From 2008 to 2010, researchers did follow-up health assessments including blood testing for diabetes. Among the findings, which appear in today's New England Journal of Medicine:

从2008年到2010年，研究者做了后续的健康评估，包括血糖测试。其中一部分结果发布在今天的新英格兰医学杂志上：

14.4% of women who were offered the opportunity to move to better neighborhoods were extremely obese (a body mass index, or BMI, of 40 or greater) at follow-up vs. 17.7% of women in the control group.

·有机会搬到较好社区的女性中，有14.4%有肥胖症（体重指数，或BMI大约等于40）而控制组有17.7%的女性有肥胖症。

16.3% of women who had the chance to move had diabetes vs. 20% of women in the control group.

有机会搬家的女性中有16.3%的患有糖尿病，控制组则有20%患有该病。

Overall, about 7% of U.S. women are extremely obese. About 14% of black women are in that category. A 5-foot-4 woman who is extremely obese weighs 235 pounds or more, Ludwig says.

总体上说，大约7%的美国女性极端肥胖。大约14%的黑人妇女属于此类。一名5.4英尺的极端肥胖的女性重达235磅或更多，路德维希说。

Having diabetes increases medical spending by $5,000 annually per person, he says, so this research suggests "that investing in neighborhood environments could substantially reduce health care spending over the long term."

治疗糖尿病可让患者每年的医疗费用增加5000美元，他说，所以，这项研究表明“对社区环境的投资可能相应的减少长期以来花费在卫生保健资金。”

Ludwig says the difference between the cost of public housing and the rent-subsidy vouchers for private housing is negligible, but both are expensive. The number of people living in high-poverty neighborhoods is going up, he says. "This may explain part of the increase in obesity and diabetes," Ludwig says.

路德维希说公共住房的花费和用租金补贴券租赁私人住房直接的差别可以忽略不计，但是两者都很昂贵。生活在极端贫困社区的人数正在增加，他说。“这可以解释一部分肥胖和糖尿病患者的增多，”路德维希说。

Robert Whitaker, a public health and pediatrics professor at Temple University in Philadelphia and a researcher on this study, says, "People's health habits are often constrained by the choices they face in their neighborhoods.

费城天普大学公共健康与儿科学教授罗伯特·惠特克也是该研究的成员之一，他说，“人们的健康习惯通常受制于其在他们社区里面临的选择。”

"This study is one of the strongest pieces of evidence yet that improving the environments where low-income families live can have a meaningful impact on their risk of chronic disease."

“该研究也成为一项最有力的证据，那就是改善低收入家庭的居住环境对降低他们罹患慢性疾病的风险有着积极的意义。”

William Dietz, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, says that this report emphasizes "that place matters. What's striking is that there is a significant impact on severe obesity."

疾病控制和预防中心的营养、体力活动和肥胖部主任威廉·迪茨说，该报表强调“居住环境很重要。最突出的是对严重肥胖有着显著影响。”

Stephanie Broyles, an assistant professor and researcher at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, says these latest findings show "we can't just ask individuals to change their behaviors; we have to change the environment as well."

位于巴吞鲁日的彭宁顿生物医学研究中心的研究者，副教授斯蒂芬妮·布罗伊尔斯说，最近的这些发现表明“我们不能只要求人们改变他们的行为；我们还必须得改善环境。”