汉英翻译题库（一）

发布人：圣才学习网  发布日期：2010-08-14 11:36  汉译英 　　主席先生：　　中国作为一个发展中国家，很自然十分关心发展中国家在世界经济中所处的困境。许多事实证明，北南关系不是朝着更好的方向发展，而是趋于进一步的恶化。因此，改善北南关系就成为所有国家的一项重要任务。目前，北南之间的差距进一步扩大，富的更富，穷的更穷。许多发展中国家人民正生活在贫困线之下，发达国家有责任给发展中国家以更多的帮助，并同意在平等互利、平等交换的基础上，建立一个新的国际经济秩序。　　今天的世界各国，经济上的相互依存更加密切。如果发展中国家的困难长期得不到解决，经济得不到发展，发达国家的经济要持续保持稳定增长，也将是困难的。在商品、贸易、债务、资金、货币和金融等领域，采取有效措施，改善发展中国家面临的外部环境，以利于发展中国家恢复增长和发展，这是当前国际经济领域中的一项紧迫任务。这样做也有利于世界经济的稳定和增长。 　　Mr. President.　　As a developing country， China is naturally concerned about the predicament of the developing countries in the world economy. Numerous facts show that the North-South relations are going to deteriorate further instead of turning for the better. Therefore， the improvement of the North-South relations has become an important task for all countries. At present the gap between the North and the South is widening， with the rich becoming richer and the poor poorer. The people of many developing countries are living below the poverty line. The developed countries have the responsibility to give more help to the developing countries， and to agree to the establishment of a new international economic order based on equality and mutual benefit and exchange of equal values.　　In the present-day world， there is even more inter-dependence among countries. Developed countries will find it difficult to maintain their economic growth if developing countries long remain in difficulties and their economies cannot move ahead. It is an urgent task in the international economic sphere to improve， by effective measures， the external environment of developing countries in such fields as commodity， trade， debt， capital， currency and finance. This will contribute not only to resuming growth of developing countries， but also the stability and growth of the world economy. 　　桂林（2）　　在1985年和1991年中国十大风景名胜和中国旅游胜地四十佳评选活动中，桂林山水均排名第二。1998年，国家旅游局授予桂林“中国优秀旅游城市”称号。　　桂林在发展旅游业中，着力于风景建设，漓江的综合治理，改善和提高旅游接待能力等方面。近二十多年来，桂林旅游业有了长足的发展，基本形成了具有多功能、多层次的旅游产业结构和全方位、高质量的旅游接待服务体系，成为中外瞩目的旅游热点城市。近些年来，桂林接待入境游客数始终排在全国旅游城市的前十名之内。1998年即使受东南亚金融危机的影响，桂林接待入境游客仍达41万人次，国内游客为600万人次。 　　Guilin （2）　　In 1985 and 1991， Guilin's mountains and river ranked second both in the top ten Places of Interest and in the Forty Best Tourist Attractions in China. （The years 1985 and 1991 saw Guilin's mountains and river attain second place among the Forty Best Tourist Attractions in China and the Top Ten Places of Interest.） In 1998， China National Tourism Administration named （declared） Guilin one of the Top Tourist Cities in China.　　During the process of developing a tourist industry， Guilin attached great importance to constructing tourist attractions， maintaining the Li River， and improving its capacity to receive tourists. （In the course of expanding its tourism industry， Guilin gave close attention to increasing its tourist attractions， maintaining the purity of the Li River， and increasing its capacity to accommodate visitors.） After more than 20 years' development， Guilin has made remarkable progress in the tourist industry， basically forming a multi-functional and multi-level system as well as overall high-quality tourist reception capacity. （Over the past 20 years Guilin has made remarkable progress in the development of its tourist industry， shaping a multi-functional， multi-tier， high-quality tourist reception system.） Guilin has become a world-renowned tourist city. （Accordingly， Guilin has gained world renown/fame as a tourist city.） In recent years， Guilin has always ranked within the top 10 in terms of international tourist arrivals. （Nowadays Guilin invariably stands among the top ten international tourist destinations.） In 1998 international tourists numbered 410，000， and domestic tourists reached 6 million， despite the effects of the financial crisis in southeastern Asian countries. （In 1998 there were 410，000 foreign tourists and 6 million domestic tourists-- all these despite the financial crisis in southeast Asia.） 　　为什么参加生态旅游？　　在整个旅游业的发展中¹，生态旅游是发展速度最快的一个旅游市场。虽然很多旅游公司都声称提供生态旅游服务，然而您却无法确保你所参加的旅游是否真正对环境有益²。而当您选择了我们提供的任何一项生态旅游服务，通过³满足以下生态旅游设计要求，您肯定可为保护环境作贡献。　　替代性的创收：当地村民可通过为社区办的生态旅游公司工作而获得急需的收入，而不用以烧炭、打猎、非法伐木及捕鱼等破坏性生产方式获取收入⁴。　　替代性的能源和垃圾处理：沼气、太阳能、风力和水力发电的利用⁵可减少旅游开发可能给社区带来的对自然资源的过度压力⁶。另外，废弃物管理措施⁷也是各生态旅游公司运作的一个重要组成部分。 　　Why Travel With Us？　　Ecotourism is one of the fastest growing markets in¹ the tourism industry （The rapid growth of ecotourism is unmatched by any other aspect of the tourism industry）. But with many companies claiming to offer “ecotourism” how can you be sure that your travel experience is really helping the environment （makes a positive contribution to the environment/will benefit the environment）²？ When you choose one of our tours， you will surely contribute to conservation （the environment） through [governed by]： ³ the following ecotourism principles　　Alternative income generation： Through employment with community-based ecotourism companies， local villagers are able to earn much-needed income that replaces income earned through destructive activities such as charcoal-making， hunting， illegal logging and fishing.⁴　　Alternative energy and waste management （control）： Biogas， solar panels and in some cases wind （wind mills） or hydropower⁵ help reduce the strain on （ease the burden on） natural resources， which is often brought by tourism [which tourism can bring to a community（waste control is） ⁷ also a key component of （an essential element in） the operation of our ecotourism companies.] ⁶. Waste management measures are  　　旅游的意义　　旅游是一种¹集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展²。20世纪中叶以来，现代³旅游在世界范围迅速兴起，旅游人数不断增加，旅游产业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位显著提升⁴，旅游活动日益成为各国人民⁵交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道⁶，对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越⁷广泛的影响。　　古往今来，旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。在古代，中国先哲们⁸就提出了“观国之光”的思想⁹，倡导“读万卷书，行万里路”，游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华。　 　　The Significance of Travel　　Tourism is （represents） a [kind of]¹ popular and pleasant activity that combines sightseeing， recreation and health care. With the passage of time， tourism has been developing.² Since the middle of the 20th century， [modern]， the scale of the tourism industry has constantly been expanding， and the importance of tourism in the economy has grown obviously.⁴ Tourism acts （serves） gradually as an important bridge for cultural exchange and friendship⁶， and it exerts a steadily⁷ broadening influence on daily life （human life） and social progress among [people of various] countries⁵. ³ tourism has been growing at a fast pace around the world. The number of tourists has been rising　　From ancient times to the present， tourism has demonstrated the happy wish of the people for more knowledge， varied experience and good health. In the distant past （In ancient times），（ancient）⁸ Chinese thinkers recommended [raised the idea of[⁹ “appreciating the landscape through sightseeing.” Ancient people also proposed to “travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand books，” which shows they found pleasure in enriching themselves mentally and physically through traveling over famous mountains and rivers. 　　中国旅游业　　新中国成立后特别是改革开放以来，中国政府高度重视旅游工作，旅游业持续快速发展，已经成为一个富有蓬勃活力和巨大潜力的新兴产业。目前，中国入境旅游人数和旅游外汇收入跃居世界前列，出境旅游人数迅速增加，已经成为旅游大国　　中国是一个历史悠久的文明古国，也是一个充满时代生机的东方大国，拥有许多得天独厚的旅游资源。自然风光旖旎秀美，历史文化博大精深，56个民族风情浓郁，目前已被列入世界文化遗产地和世界自然遗产地达29处。在改革开放的推动下，现代化建设突飞猛进，城乡面貌日新月异。古代中国的风采神韵与现代中国的蓬勃英姿交相辉映。这些都为发展国内外旅游创造了优越的条件。 　　China’s Tourism　　After the founding of New China （Since the People's Republic of China was founded）， especially since the opening up to the outside world and the reform （since the introduction of the reform and opening in 1978）， the Chinese government has given close attention to the tourism industry， which has been undergoing steady and fast growth （which has been developing steadily and fast） as a （newly） emerging dynamic and potentially strong industry. Presently （At present/Currently）， China ranks among the top destinations in the world in terms of both tourist arrivals and foreign currency receipts. The numbers of our outbound tourists are also increasing rapidly （also show a rapid growth）. China is now an important （a big） tourism country.　　As a country （A country） with a long history of civilization， China is a vast oriental nation full of modern vitality， unique in the richness and variety of its tourism resources. Besides picturesque natural scenery， lengthy history and complex culture， China embodies the different folk customs of 56 nationalities （ethnic groups）. Now， there are 29 places that （Now 29 places of China） have been listed as World Cultural and Natural Heritages sites. As a result of opening-up and reform， China's modernization drive is surging （forging） ahead， and the cities and the country are experiencing （undergoing） daily changes. The ancient glory of China and its modern boom add radiance （glory） and charm to each other， joining to create ideal conditions for developing domestic and international tourism. 　　社会主义市场经济体制改革　　中国在相当长时间内¹曾实行高度集中的计划经济体制。随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的深入和民主政治建设的推进²，过去人们在择业、迁徙、致富、投资、资讯、旅游、信仰和选择生活方式等方面有形无形的不合理限制，被逐步解除。这³就带来了前所未有的、广泛而深刻的变化。一方面⁴，广大城乡劳动者的积极性得以释放，特别是⁵数以亿计的农民得以走出传统村落，进入城市，特别是⁵沿海地区，数以千万计的知识分子聪明才智得到充分发挥；另一方面⁴，规模庞大的国有资产得以盘活，数万亿元的民间资本得以形成，5000亿美元的境外资本得以流入。这种资本和劳动的结合，就在中国960万平方公里的国土上，演进着⁶人类历史上规模极为宏大的工业化和城市化。　　Restructuring toward the Socialist Market Economy　　For quite some time in the past¹， China had a structure of highly-centralized planned economy. [Highly-centralized planned economy characterized China for quite some time in the past¹.] With deepening restructuring toward the socialist market economy and progress in the development of democratic politics²， there was gradual lifting of the former improper restrictions （Reorganization of the economy along socialist lines and a flowering of democracy in politics² brought a loosening of the former improper restrictions）， visible and invisible， on people’s freedom in choice of occupation， mobility， enterprise， investment， information， travel， faith and life styles. This³ has brought extensive and profound changes never seen before in China’s history. （The depth and width of those changes³ are unique in Chinese history.） On the one hand， the enthusiasm of the work force in both city and countryside has been set free. （Hitherto untapped sources of enthusiastic energy among urban and rural workforces were released.） In particular， hundreds of millions of farmers are now able to leave their old villages and move into towns and cities， especially， （Farmers by the hundreds of millions could now immigrate into the cities， in particular） Tens of millions of intellectuals are now able to bring their talent and creativity into full play. （Intellectuals by the tens of millions were now at liberty to utilize their abilities to the full.） On the other hand （At the same time）⁴， the massive assets owned by the state can now be revitalized， the private capital pool in the amount of trillions of yuan can take shape， and more than 500 billion US dollars worth of overseas capital can flow in. This combination of capital and labor results in （is creating） a drama of industrialization and urbanization of a size unprecedented in human history （on a scale unparalleled in human history） being staged on the 9.6 million square kilometers of land called China （--a drama/saga being played out on the 9.6 million-square-kilometer stage called China.）⁶ those in coastal areas.⁵ in the coastal areas⁵⁴ 　　中美贸易　　谈到中美贸易问题¹，首先要看到一个最基本的事实，这就是25年来我们两国之间的贸易有了巨大的发展。从1979年的不足25亿美元，发展到今天的1000多亿美元，增长了几十倍²。　　25年前，也许谁也不曾想到，中美经贸合作能有今天³这样大的规模。今天，美国在华投资设立企业⁵超过4万家，实际投资⁴达到430亿美元。美国500强企业中，已有400多家进入中国，大多数企业获利丰厚⁶。麦当劳、肯德基遍及中国大小城市。微软、英特尔、摩托罗拉、柯达、通用汽车等美国驰名品牌的商品畅销中国市场。与此同时，在美国的市场上，许多中国商品⁷受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立企业超过700家。 　　China-US trade　　When talking about China-US trade¹， we should not overlook （ignore/neglect） one fundamental （basic） fact； that is， in the past 25 years， two-way （reciprocal） trade has expanded enormously （experienced/undergone a tremendous expansion）. From a mere （merely） 2.5 billion US dollars in 1979 to over 100 billion today， the increase is dozens of times².　　No one in his wildest imagination could have forecast （predicted/expected） 25 years ago the magnitude （scope/size） of today’s³ China-US trade and economic relations [of today] ³. （Twenty-five years ago the scope of today’s China-US trade and economic connections would have been beyond our wildest imaginings.） With over 40，000 US-invested enterprises， the paid-in value of （the total） US investment in China （now） ^{4， 5， and most of them are making a handsome profit6. The McDonald’s and KFC chain stores are found （chains are） in almost every Chinese city， large or small. Products bearing such famous American trademarks （brands） as Microsoft， Intel， Motorola， Kodak and GM sell quickly on the Chinese market. At the same time， many items of Chinese merchandise（exceeded） 700.7 have become favored choices of US consumers. The number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the US has surpassed more than 400 have come to China}stands at 43 billion US dollars. Of the top 500 US companies 　　中美贸易互补　　中美贸易之所以能迅速发展，根本原因在于两国经济具有极大的互补性。这种互补性，很大程度上来自两国经济资源条件、经济结构以及消费水平存在着很大的差异。中国是最大的发展中国家，市场广阔，发展迅速，劳动力成本低，但资金短缺、科技和管理相对落后。美国是最大的发达国家，经济总量大，资本充足，科技发达，但劳动力成本高。这种差异性和互补性，将在今后长期存在，在经济全球化的大背景下显得更加突出。我认为，这就是中美贸易能够持续快速发展的客观基础。 　　Complementary Sino-US Trade　　The reason for such rapid growth in China-US trade is， in the final analysis， the high degree to which the economies complement each other （the high degree of complementarity of the two economies）. This neat fit， to a large extent， stems from （This comfortable fit arises largely from） their （big） differences in economic resources， economic structures and consumption levels. China is the world's largest developing country with a huge market， fast development and low labor costs， but short of capital and relatively backward in technology and management skills. （As the world's largest developing country， China offers a vast market， rapid development and inexpensive labor. But it is lacking in capital as well as technological and managerial sophistication.） On the other hand， the US is the world's largest developed country， big in economic size， with abundant capital （abundant in capital）， and advanced in science and technology. （In contrast is the US， the largest developed nation on earth， with a vast economy， an immense pool of capital and at the cutting edge in science and technology.） But the cost of labor in the US is high （labor is costly）. These diverse yet interlocking qualities （Such diversity and complementarity） will remain for a long time （are unlikely to change in the near future）， and are likely to feature more prominently in the ongoing economic globalization （and will probably have a more important role in the continuing economic globalization）. This， in my view， is the material basis for the sustained and rapid expansion of China-US trade. 　　人民币汇率　　人民币汇率改革最早起于¹1994年。我们当时确定的机制是以市场供求为基础，单一的、有管理的浮动汇率。有人说²，人民币汇率固定不变，这不是事实³。浮动的幅度小，这是事实。1994年到现在，人民币实际对美元升值了18.5%，对欧元升值39.4%。1997年亚洲发生金融风暴后⁴，我们顶住了要求人民币贬值的压力。从那个时候起⁵，人民币浮动幅度⁶小了。我认为一个国家的⁷汇率制度应该从这个国家的国情出发，依据它的经济和金融发展状况来决定。毋庸讳言，我们金融改革的任务还十分艰巨，我们在1996年才实行经常项目下的人民币可兑换，但⁸是实行资本项目下的人民币完全可兑换，还需要长时间的艰苦努力。　 　　The Exchange Rate of Renminbi　　We [first] began¹ reforming our exchange rate regime （system） in 1994. It was decided at that time that we would adopt （opt for/choose） a market-based， single， regulated floating exchange rate regime. Some people claim （Critics complain that）² the value of the renminbi （RENMINBI） is fixed and has not changed. This does not square with （is not inconformity with） the facts. （The facts prove otherwise.³） I think it would be more accurate to say that the band of fluctuation of the renminbi is （quite） narrow. Since 1994， the renminbi has appreciated in real terms by （has registered gains of） 18.5 percent against the U.S. dollar and by 39.4 percent against the Euro. In 1997， during the Asian financial crisis，（During the Asian financial crisis of 1997） ⁴ we withstood （resisted） pressures for renminbi devaluation and since then⁵， the band of fluctuation（the value of the renminbi has fluctuated only within narrow limits）.⁶ of the value of the renminbi has been [quite] narrow　　The exchange rate of a country’s currency （the currency of a country）⁷ should be set （determined） in accordance with （according to） its national conditions and the state of its economic and financial sector. There is no denying we still face very daunting （formidable） tasks in financial and banking reform. We already allowed our currency to be freely convertible in （under） the current account in 1996， but⁸ it will take a long time（a very long period of time） and arduous （substantial） efforts before we can achieve the objective （attain the goal） of a freely convertible currency in the capital account.  　　金融体制改革　　金融体制改革¹是我们经济体制改革的重头戏²。中国金融体系存在许多问题，最主要的就是银行不良贷款比例较高，存在³着很大的金融隐患⁴。主要原因在于体制，必须加快对银行体制的改革。我们的目标是建立现代银行制度，使银行能够成为自主经营、自负盈亏、真正的商业银行。我们⁵要创造条件实行银行公司治理结构的改造，⁶实行股份制，具备条件的，允许上市。我们要加强金融机构对中小企业、特别是民营企业的支持。应该承认，在这方面做的是不够的。中小企业特别是民营企业对于吸纳劳动力、解决就业⁷问题可以发挥重要作用。我们要在加强监管、防范风险的同时加大银行对他们的扶持力度。　 　　Financial Reform　　Financial reform¹ is the most difficult and the most crucial part² of our overall economic reforms. （The most complex， yet the most vital² of our broad economic reforms is financial reform¹.） The financial sector in China has been plagued by³ many （numerous） problems. The biggest problem （The most serious one） is the fairly high proportion of non-performing loans （bad debts） from banks. There exists significant risk⁴. The problem is caused by defects in the system. So we have to accelerate the reform of the banking system. Our aim is to put in place （establish/found/set up） a modern banking system whereby （so that）the banks will be commercial banks in a true sense， responsible for their own operation decisions and for their profits and losses. On our part， we⁵ will help create conditions （foster an environment） that facilitate（s） corporate governance among banks through⁶ the share-holding system. Those that meet the conditions （comply with the requirements） can go public （be listed/be launched on the stock market）.　　We must also strengthen financial assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises and privately-run enterprises （undertakings/companies/businesses）⁷. We have to admit （confess） that not enough has been done in this field （too little has been done in this area）， even though the small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in creating job opportunities⁸. So while we step up regulation （supervision） and improve our capability to avoid financial risks （hazards）， we should make sure that the banks （would） provide them with more financing.　 　　阿根廷债务危机对中国的警示　　阿根廷的经济崩溃提供了重要的教训。首先，阿根廷惊讶地发现，流入发展中国家的大量资本主要是由国际环境决定的，而并非取决于地方经济的表现。国家可以通过合理管理其经济来增加它们分得资本的数量，但是富国的情况总是更为重要，而它们是难以预测的。由于中国目前享受着可观的外国投资流入，这是一个尤为重要的教训。　　中国目前储备金丰富而外债较低，在很长时间内还不会被阿根廷的问题困扰。然而，仍存在很多理由为将来可能发生的金融危机而担忧。例如，在接下来的几年内，中国将开放其国内市场进行贸易往来，并整顿其银行。　　中国进行调整，以适应新的贸易格局和资本外逃，几乎可以肯定中国的内外债务水平将迅速增长。 　　An Alert for China from Argentina's Debt Crisis　　The Argentine economic collapse has important lessons [to teach]. （The example of Argentina's economic disaster is instructive.） First， Argentina learned to its surprise that the volume of capital flowing to developing countries is determined primarily by global conditions， not by local economic performance. （Argentina was shocked to discover/realize/learn that global conditions rather than local economic performance determine the amounts of capital flowing to developing countries） Countries can increase their share of this capital by managing their economies well， but conditions in the rich countries will always matter more （be the decisive/deciding factor）， and these are hard to predict. Because China now enjoys significant foreign investment inflows， this is a particularly important lesson. （This lesson is critically important to China， the recipient of huge sums in foreign investment.）　　With its huge reserves and low external debt， China today is a long way from suffering from the problems of Argentina. （Substantial reserves and minimal external debt protect China against financial catastrophes of the kind that hit/gripped Argentina.） There are nonetheless many reasons to be concerned about the possibility of future financial crises （Nevertheless， vigilance is needed to avoid future monetary problem）. Over the next few years， for example， China will open its domestic markets to trade and clean up its banks （reform/reorganize the banking systems）. 　　“三农”问题　　 “三农”（农业、农村、农民）问题，关系我国改革开放和现代化建设全局¹，任何时候都不能忽视和放松²。近几年，农业综合生产能力³再创新高，有力地支持了国民经济发展和社会稳定。同时，也出现了农产品供过于求、价格下跌、农民收入增长缓慢等问题⁴。如果不改变这种状况，就会严重挫伤农民积极性，动摇农业的基础地位，甚至危及国民经济全局⁵。我们坚持把加强农业、发展农村经济、增加农民收入，作为经济工作的重中之重，下了很大功夫⁶。　　我们推进了农业结构调整。通过政策支持、加强信息服务和技术服务⁷，引导农民按照市场需求⁸调整种植结构，发展畜牧业和水产养殖业，推进农业生产区域布局调整。 　　Agriculture， Rural areas and Farmers　　Problems¹ facing agriculture， rural areas and farmers have a crucial bearing on the country’s reform， opening up and modernization drive， （Crucial to the nation’s reform， opening up and modernization thrust are the problems¹ facing agriculture， rural areas and farmers，） and we should never overlook （ignore） them（relax） our efforts to address （solve） them². The productive capacity³ of our agriculture has reached a new high in recent years （Agricultural production³ achieved an all-time high in the last few years.）， providing powerful support for our [national] economic development （advances） and social stability. Meanwhile， problems have arisen （surfaced）⁴， including oversupply of agricultural products （farm produce） coupled with （along with） price drops （falling prices） and slow increases in farmers’ income. Such a state of affairs （These circumstances）， if allowed to remain unchanged （if not remedied）， would [seriously] dampen farmers’ enthusiasm （adversely affect farmers’ willingness） to produce， undermine （disrupt） the very foundations of agriculture， and may even threaten the [overall] health of the national economy （and may even weaken the national economy）⁵. We gave top priority to ⁶ agricultural development， rural economy and an increase in （increasing） farmers’ income in our economic work， and devoted a great deal of attention to them（We gave much attention and top priority to⁶ agricultural development， rural economy， and farm income increases.）⁶. or slacken 　　We advanced （pushed forward/moved forward） structural readjustment in agriculture. Through （By means of） policy support and improved information and technical services⁷， the government guided farmers to grow crops according to market demand⁸， develop animal husbandry and aquatic farming and readjust the location of agricultural producing areas.相关链接