消防手报的作用:新概念英语第一册笔记(第1--10课)

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新概念英语
第一课
第一册介绍:学习英语的敲门砖
【一册基础篇】学习英语的敲门砖(“First Things First“ 英语初阶)
本书是练好英语基本功最好的学习书籍。从基本的发音、重音和语调开始,让您逐步学会使用英语中的基本词汇、语法及句型结构。学好第一册,是练好英语基本功的关键,掌握了第一册,您才真正踏进了英语之门。适合于零起点或英语基础差,欲在短期内掌握英语基础的学习者,如中学生或及成年初学者,同时也可以帮助你进一步巩固所学的知识。
第一册的内容看似简单,其实大部分的场景对话和口语基本句型都包括其中,同时,第一册的800词汇全部是英语日常用语中出现频率最高的词汇,学习者不仅应该认识,更要能在任何场合都做到脱口而出,做到积极的掌握。对于一个从未学习过英语的学习者而言,需要花费较长的时间打好基础。更何况,在新东方的网络课堂中增加了大量的语音、语调的训练内容,更需要学习者用一个较的时间培养良好的发音习惯,为今后的学习树立的一个正确的开始。
【所需知识背景】
从零开始,无需任何基础知识。第一册从最基本的单词,句型教起,从拼写到发音,无所不包。当然,如果初学者已有一定的简单语法、词汇基础将更有助于学习的进行。
补充材料
英文26个字母:
A B C D E F G
H I J K L M N
O P Q R S T
U V W X Y Z
五个元音字母:Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu
字母歌:
ABCD EFG HIJK LMN OPQ RST
UVW XYZ, XYZ now you see, I can say my ABC.
英文中有48个音标,分为元音和辅音。
20个元音,28个辅音。
元音分为:长元音,短元音,双元音,单元音。
元音:┌单元音┬前元音(4个):/i:/、/i/、/e/、/A/
│ ├中元音(3个):/E:/、/E/、/Q/
│ └后元音(5个):/B:/、/C/、/C:/、/J/、/J:/
└双元音
发/i:/的单词:
bee 蜜蜂
tea 茶
pea 扁豆
key 钥匙
see 看见
three 三
清辅音:/s/,/W/
浊辅音:/z/,/T/
发/i/的单词:
big 大的
city 城市
with 和
family 家,家庭
happy 快乐的,愉快的,高兴的
little 小的
family 侧重家庭的成员 There are four people in my family.
home 抽象的家的概念
home road 《我的父亲母亲》
house 房子,一般指独立的院落,更具体的指房子的建筑,结构(以后再详细解释)
发/e/的单词:
bed 床
beg 乞求
red 红色的
men 男人(复数)
never 从来不
very 非常的
发/A/的单词:
bad 坏的
bag 包
dad 爸爸
man 男人,人类(man can conquer nature 人定胜天)
back 后部,背部
cat 猫
试读下列句子:
I often see that man in the street.
我经常在街上看到那个男的。
He has a very happy family.
他有一个非常幸福的家庭。
A man is sitting on the desk.
一个男的正坐在桌子上。
You see the green leaves on the tree.
你在树上可以看见绿叶。
Tim ran back to get the black hat and the red bag.
蒂姆跑回去拿到了黑色的帽子和红色的包。
Nothing to fear but fear itself.
除了恐惧本身之外没有什么可以恐惧的。
一些谚语(主要练习口腔肌肉,请熟读):
a bad apple 一个坏苹果,坏蛋,惹麻烦,不诚实的人
Big Apple 大苹果,纽约的别称
a fat cat 肥猫,暴发户(贬义)
a hot potato 棘手的问题
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难之交才是真朋友。
God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。
地道情景表达:
-- Hi!/ Hello!/ Hullo!/ How do you do?
-- (Good) morning/ afternoon/ evening!
-- How are you?/ How are you going?/
How are you all keeping?
最近你们好吗?
-- Fine/ well. Thank you. And you?/ What about you?/ How about you?
-- Not too bad!/ Pretty good!/ Couldn’t be better!/ Just so-so./ I’m just my oldself!
还不坏! 非常好! 好得不能再好了! 凑合吧! 我还是老样子!
-- Nice/ Glad / Pleased to see/ meet you!
meet 强调第一次见面
see 强调第二次见面,老朋友见面
-- Nice to see you, too./ Same here!
见到你也很高兴!
我也很高兴!
-- It’s my pleasure/ honor to see you! 见到你很荣幸!
pleasure 幸福,快乐
honor 荣耀,荣誉
-- Haven’t seen you for ages/ for a long time.
很久都没有见到你了。
-- Long time no see.
第二课
首先,我们学习两个格言:
Life is happier if it is full of pretty people.
生命是非常美好的,如果生活中充满了非常有趣的人的话。
Life is just a field of newly fallen snow, and where you choose to walk every step will show.
人生就像刚刚下过雪的一片田野,你从哪里选择走路,你的每一个脚印都会显现出来。
Lesson 1 Excuse me!
生词和短语:
Excuse v. 原谅
me pron. 我(宾格)
yes adv. 是的
is v. be动词现在时第三人称单数
this pron. 这
your possessive adjective 你的,你们的
handbag n. (女用)手提包
pardon int. 原谅,请再说一遍
it pron. 它
thank you 感谢你(们)
very much 非常地
Excuse me用法:
1、向陌生人问路时
2、引起对方注意时
3、在某个聚会中突然中途要离开一会儿时
4、在发生一个简单的不算太错的错误时
sorry 对不起,用于对别人有伤害时
人称代词 主格 宾格 形容词性的物主代词 名词性的物主代词
我(们) I me my mine
你(们) you you your yours
他(们) he him his his
她(们) she her her hers
主格一般做主语,放在句首
宾格做宾语,放在动词或者介词之后
形容词性的物主代词不能单独使用,后面必须跟名词或其它的词,组成相当于汉语中的偏正词组
名词性的物主代词是单独使用的
This is my pen. 这是我的钢笔。
This pen is mine. 这只笔是我的。
Yes 读降调表示对某件事情的认同,读升调表示询问
v. verb 动词
adj. adjective 形容词
adv. adverb 副词
pron. pronoun 代词
prep. preposition 介词
n. noun 名词
conj. conjunction 连词
be动词有am,is,are
am只能跟在第一人称的单数I后面
is 跟在第三人称单数he,she后面
be动词的基本意思:是
she is,he is,it is,Tim is
are搭配you,不管是单数还是复数
you are,we are,they are
I am --- I’m
she is --- she’s
he is --- he’s
it is --- it’s
Tim is --- Tim’s
you are --- you’re
we are --- we’re
they are --- they’re
含有be动词的简单的陈述句,否定句,一般疑问句
This is my handbag. 这是我的手提包。
含有be动词的句子如果变否定句,就是在be动词后面加not
This is not my handbag. 这不是我的手提包。
含有be动词的句子,如果变一般疑问句,就把be动词提到句子的前面,大写
Is this my handbag? 这是我的手提包吗?
Is this your handbag?
book 书本 watch手表 pen钢笔 car小汽车
Yes, it is. 是的。
No, it isn’t. 不是。
This is my book. 这是我的书。
This is not my book. 这不是我的书。
Is this your book? 这是你的书吗?
Yes, it is. 是的。
★ Text
Excuse me.
Yes?
Is this you handbag?
Pardon?
Is this you handbag?
Yes, it is.
Thank you very much.
Lesson 2 Is this your…?
pen n. 钢笔
pencil n. 铅笔
book n. 书
watch n. 手表
coat n. 上衣,外衣
dress n. 连衣裙
skirt n. 裙子
car n. 小汽车
house n. 房子
第三课
Lesson 3 Sorry, sir.
umbrella n. 伞
please int. 请
here adv. 这里
my possessive adjective 我的
ticket n. 票
number n. 号码
five num. 五
sorry adj. 对不起的
sir n. 先生
cloakroom n. 衣帽存放处
here是地点副词
there 那儿
home 家
abroad 国外
downstairs 楼底下
upstairs 楼上
downtown 市中心
这些地点副词的前面不能加介词
one 一 six 六 eleven 十一
two 二 seven 七 twelve 十二
three 三 eight 八 thirteen 十三
four 四 nine 九 fourteen 十四
five 五 ten 十 fifteen 十五
祈使句
my umbrella and my coat please. 省略了动词和间接宾语的祈使句
由一个动词原形开头的句子就是祈使句(具体在29课再详细讲解)
here is是简单的倒装句
be动词放在here的后面,这个句式就可以成为简单的倒转句式
My ticket is here. 我的票在这。
Here is my ticket. Here’s my ticket.
number
No.
No. five
mister:加在男性的姓氏前面
sir:polite form used in addressing a man especially in a shop or by children talking to male teachers
对男性的一种比较有礼貌的称呼或学生对男性老师的一种称呼或下级对上级的称呼
gentleman 绅士,对男性比较有礼貌的称呼,在公众场合最得体的称呼
guy 在美国英语中对男性一种不正式的称呼,家伙
boy 男孩,在美语中不正式的称呼,可以称呼各种年龄的男性
Mister Black 布莱克先生
What can I do for you, sir? 我能为你做什么呢,先生?
★ Text
My coat and my umbrella please.
Here is my ticket.
Thank you sir.
Number five.
Here is your umbrella and your coat.
This is not my umbrella.
Sorry sir.
Is this your umbrella?
No, it isn’t.
Is this it?
Yes, it is.
Thank you very much.
第四课
Lesson 4 Is this your…?
suit n. 一套衣服
school n. 学校
teacher n. 老师
son n. 儿子
daughter n. 女儿
/Q/
/R/
Is this your umbrella?
No, it isn’t my umbrella.
It’s your umbrella.
------------------------------------------------------------
第三课听课笔记
Lesson 5 Nice to meet you.
Mr. 先生
good adj. 好
morning n. 早晨
Miss 小姐
New adj. 新的
student n. 先生
French adj. & n. 法国人
German adj. & n. 德国人
nice adj. 美好的
meet v. 遇见
Japanese adj. & n. 日本人
Korean adj. & n. 韩国人
Chinese adj. & n. 中国人
too adv. 也
补充材料第一册 Unit Two
3个中元音
/E:/
/E/
/Q/
一般以舌的中部来发音
发/E:/的单词
work 工作
girl 女孩
nurse 护士
first 首先,第一
dirty 脏的
bird 小鸟
发/E/的单词
around 环绕,围绕
o’clock 点钟
driver 司机
arrive 到达
forget 忘记
famous 著名的
发/Q/的单词
nut 坚果
country 国家,乡村
color 颜色
must 必须
under 在…下面
mother 母亲
I love my country.
我爱我的祖国。
Another fly-over will be built across that street.
另外一座过街桥将在街上被修建。
You fall in love with my sister!
你爱上了我的姐姐。
第五课
Lesson 5
索菲娅 Sophie
索菲娅小姐 Miss Sophie
索菲娅小姐是个新学生。
Miss Sophie is a new student.
她是一个新学生。
She is a new student.
她不是一个新学生。
She is not a new student.
她是一个新学生吗?
Is she a new student?
索菲娅小姐是一个法国的女孩。
Miss Sophie is a French girl.
索菲娅小姐是一个法国人。
Miss Sophie is a French.
她是法国人。
She is (a) French.
美好的 nice
见到你很高兴。 Nice to meet you.
遇见 meet
日本人 Japanese
Naoko 直子
直子是日本人。
Naoko is a Japanese.
她也是个新学生。
She is a new student too.
韩国人 Korean
中国人 Chinese
你是个中国人。
You are a Chinese.
我们是中国人。
We are Chinese.
他们 they
他们也是中国人。
They are chinese too.
晓惠是一个中国的学生。
Xiaohui is a Chinese student.
★ Text
Good morning.
Good morning, Mr. Blake.
This is Miss Sophie Dupont.
Sophie is a new student.
She is French.
Sophie, this is Hans.
He is German.
Nice to meet you.
And this is Naoko.
She’s Japanese.
Nice to meet you.
And this is Chang-woo.
He’s Korean.
Nice to meet you.
And this is Luming.
He’s Chinese.
Nice to meet you.
And this is Xiaohui.
She’s Chinese, too.
Nice to meet you.
This is Miss Sophie Dupont.
介绍他人的时候经常用This is…
3个冠词
a,an是不定冠词,一个
用于:1、可数名词单数前面 2、具有不确定意义事或名词前面
This is a watch.
a用在普通名词前面,an用于元音音素(元音发音的单词)前面
a pen an apple an umbrella an egg an hour a university
the是定冠词,表示特指
Look, look, a man is coming into the classroom.
The man is my teacher.
And this is Naoko.
and用在句首表示转折
She’s Chinese, too.
too一般用于肯定句中
either也,用于否定句中
第六课
Lesson 6 What make is it?
make n. (产品的)牌号
Swedish adj. 瑞典的
English adj. 英国的
American adj. 美国的
Italian adj. 意大利的
Volvo n. 沃尔沃
Peugeot n. 标致
Mercedes n. 梅赛德斯
Toyota n. 丰田
Daewoo n. 大宇
Mini n. 迷你
Ford n. 福特
Fiat n. 菲亚特
Exercise A
Alice is a student. She isn’t German. She is French.
This is her car. It is a French car.
Hans is a student. He isn’t French. He is German.
This is his car. It is a German car.
选择疑问句
她是一个法国学生。 She is a French student.
她不是一个法国学生。 She isn’t a French student.
她是一个英国学生。 She’s an English student.
她是一个法国的学生吗? Is she a French student?
她是一个法国的学生还是一个英国的学生?
选择疑问句的标志词是or
Is she a French student or an English student?
选择疑问句的回答必须要用完整的句子回答
选择疑问句的语调为前升后降
worker teacher
他是一个工人还是一个老师?
Is he a worker or a teacher?
他不是一个工人,他是老师。
He isn’t a worker, he’s a teacher.
她是一个中国的老师还是日本的老师?
Is she a Chinese teacher or a Japanese teacher?
她不是中国的老师,她是日本的老师。
She isn’t a Chinese teacher, she’s a Japanese teacher.
他是一个德国的学生还是一个意大利的学生?
Is he a German student or an Italian student?
他是一个德国的学生还是一个意大利的学生?
He isn’t a German student, he is a Italian student.
它是一辆法国的车还是一辆日本的车?
Is it a French car or a Japanese car?
它不是一辆法国的车,它是一辆日本的车。
It isn’t a French car, it’s a Japanese car.
这是一辆福特车。
This is a Ford.
它是一辆美国的车还是一辆英国的车?
Is it an American car or an English car?
它不是一辆英国的车,它是一辆美国的车。
It isn’t an English car, it’s an American car.
这是一辆丰田。
This is a Toyota.
它是一辆韩国车还是一辆日本车?
Is it a Korean car or a Japanese car?
它不是一辆韩国车,它是一辆日本车。
It isn’t a Korean car, it is a Japanese car.
Exercise B
This is Miss Sophie Dupont.
Is she a French student or a Swedish student?
She isn’t a Swedish student. She’s a French student.
This is a Volvo.
Is it a Swedish car or a French car?
It isn’t a French car. It’s a Swedish car.
This is Naoko.
Is she a Japanese student or a German student?
She isn’t a German student. She’s a Japanese student.
This is Peugeot.
Is it a French car or a German car?
It isn’t a German car. It’s a French car.
This is a Mini.
Is it an English car or an American car?
It isn’t an American car. It’s an English car.
This is Luming.
Is he a Chinese student or an English student?
He isn’t
an English student. He’s a Chinese student.
What make is it? 它是什么牌子的?
It’s a Volvo.
It’s a Swedish car.
It’s a Peugeot.
It’s a French car.
It’s a Mercedes.
It’s a German car.
It’s a Toyota.
It’s a Japanese car.
It’s a Daewoo.
It’s a Korean car.
It’s a Mini.
It’s an English car.
It’s a Ford.
It’s an American car.
It’s a Fiat.
It’s an Italian car.
第七课
Lesson 7 Are you a teacher?
I pron. 我
am v. be动词现在时的第一人称单数
are v. be动词现在时复数
name n. 名字
what adj. & porn. 什么
nationality n. 国籍
job n. 工作
keyboard n. 电脑键盘
operator n. 操作人员
engineer n. 工程师
operator /5CpEreitE/
What’s your name? 你叫什么名字?
My name is Lucy.
What’s her name? 她叫什么名字?
Her name is…
What’s his name? 他叫什么名字?
His name is…
这是一个新学生。This is a new student.
她的名字叫索菲娅。Her name is Sophie.
这是他的老师。This is his teacher.
他的名字叫罗伯特。His name is Robert.
我的老师是男的。My teacher is a man.
他的名字叫什么?What is his name.
这是我的女儿。This is my daughter.
她的名字叫什么呢?What is her name?
这是他的太太。This is his wife.
what特殊疑问词
where /wZE/ 什么地方
who /hu:/ 谁
when /wen/ 什么时候
which /witF/ 哪个,哪一个
why /wai/ 为什么
whom /hu:m, hum/ 谁(宾格)
What make is it? 它是什么牌子的?
What color is it? 它是什么颜色的?
What nationality…?
nation n. 国家
national adj. 国家的,民族的
nationality n. 国籍
country /5kQntri/ n. 国家 How many countries are there in the world?
nation n. 国家,富有人文色彩的
land /lAnd/ n.国家,多用于文学作品
state /steit/ n. 国家,表示政治的概念
homeland,motherland 祖国
work /wE:k/ n. 工作,广义的概念
task /tB:sk/ n. 工作,任务
job /dVCb/ n. 工作,有报酬的工作,既可以是体力的,也可以是脑力的
key /ki:/ n. 钥匙
board /bC:d/ n.
blackboard n. 黑板
operator /5CpEreitE/ n. 操作人员
engineer /7endVi5niE/ n. 工程师
★ Text
I’m a new student.
My name’s Robert.
Nice to meet you.
My name’s Sophie.
Are you French?
Yes, I’m.
Are you French, too?
No, I’m not.
What nationality are you?
I’m Italian.
Are you a teacher?
No, I’m not.
What’s your job?
I’m a keyboard operator.
What’s your job?
I’m an engineer.
补充材料P4
Fill in blanks with a/an.
1. Stella is _a_ student, and she studies in _a_ university. She is _an_ American.
2. How many days are there in _a_ year? How many minutes are there in _an_hour?
3. Our teacher is talking with _an_ old man from _x_ France.
4. There is _an_ oil painting on the wall.
第八课
Lesson 8 What’s your job?
policeman /pE5li:smEn/ n. 警察
policewoman /pE`li:s9wJmEn/ n. 女警察
taxi driver /5tAksi-5draivE/ n. 出租汽车司机
air hostess /ZE-5hEustis/ n. 空中小姐
postman /5pEJstmEn/ n. 邮递员
nurse /nE:s/ n. 护士
mechanic /mi5kAnik/ n. 机械师
hairdresser /5heEdresE/ n. 理发师
housewife /5haJswaIf/ n. 家庭妇女
milkman /5mIlkmEn/ n. 送牛奶的人
注意重音符号 5
Exercises A
Complete these sentences using am or is
Example: My name _is_ Xiaohui. I _am_ Chinese.
1. My name _is_ Robert. I _am_ a student. I _am_ Italian.
2. Sophie _is_ not Italian. She _is_ French.
3. Mr. Blake _is_ my teacher. He _is_ not French.
Exercises B
Write questions and answer using his, her, he, she, a or an.
Example:
keyboard operator
What’s her job? Is she a keyboard operator? Yes, she is.
engineer
What’s his job? Is he an engineer? Yes, he is.
1 policeman 6 nurse
2 policewoman 7 mechanic
3 taxi driver 8 hairdresser
4 air hostess 9 housewife
5 postman 10 milkman
1. policeman
What’s his job? Is he a policeman? Yes, he is.
2. policewoma
What’s her job? Is she a policewoman? Yes, she is.
3. taxi driver
What’s his job? Is he a taxi driver? Yes, he is.
4. air hostess
What’s her job? Is she an air hostess? Yes, she is.
5. postman
What’s his job? Is he a postman? Yes, he is.
I’m a policeman. 11 eleven
I’m a policewoman. 12 twelve
I’m a taxi driver. 13 thirteen
I’m an air hostess. 14 fourteen
I’m a postman. 15 fifteen
I’m a nurse. 16 sixteen
I’m a mechanic. 17 seventeen
I’m a hiardresser. 18 eighteen
I’m a housewife. 19 nineteen
I’m a milkman. 20 twenty
语言强化训练
后元音
/B:/ fast, card, park, last, hard, dark
/C/ dog, bottle, boss, shop, got, job
/C:/ form, door, talk, horse, before, walk
/J/ put, good, should, book, cook, sugar
/J:/ mood, food, tooth, move, shoe, school
后元音,用舌的后部感觉发音。
fast 快速的 dog 狗 form 形成 put 放下,放置 mood 心情,情绪
card 卡片 bottle 瓶子 door 门 good 好的 food 食物
park 公园;停车 boss 老板 talk 谈话 should 应该 tooth 牙齿
dark 黑暗的 shop 商店 horse 马 book 书;订票 move 移动;感动
got 获得 before 从前 cook 烹饪;厨师 shoe 鞋子
job 工作 walk 走路,散步 sugar 糖 school 学校
第九课
Lesson 9 How are you today?
hello int. 喂(表示问候)
hi int. 喂,嗨
how adv. 怎样
today adv. 今天
well adj. 身体好
fine adj. 美好的
thanks int. 谢谢
goodbye int. 再见
see v. 见
how,怎样
how many, how much, how long, how often, how far, how soon
how many多少,后面总是跟一个可数名词的复数
how much多少,也可以问价格,价钱,后面总是跟不可数名词
how long多长时间:How long have you been to China?
how often表示多经常,问的是频率:How often do you come here to study English?
how far表示问距离多远
how soon问多久:How soon will you come back?
how come, you are very sure about sth.但是那件事情没有成功
how goes it = how is it going最近怎么样?
Today is the first day of the rest of your life. 今天是你生命中的第一天。
look强调看的动作:Look at the blackboard.
see表示看见的结果:I saw the boy in the street.
watch观看,画面都是移动的,watch TV
How are you?
How is she?
How is he?
How is Emma/Jim?
I’m fine, thanks.
She’s fine. He’s fine.
★ Text
Hello, Helen.
Hi, Steven.
How are you today?
I’m very well, Thank you. And you?
I’m fine,Thanks.
How is Tony?
He’s fine, Thanks.
How’s Emma?
She’s very well, too, Helen.
Goodbye, Helen. Nice to see you.
Nice to see you, too, Steven. Goodbye.
第十课
Lesson 10 Loot at…
fat adj. 胖的
woman n. 女儿
thin adj. 瘦的
tall adj. 高的
short adj. 矮的
dirty adj. 脏的
clean adj. 干净的
hot adj. 热的
cold adj. 冷的
old adj. 老的
young adj. 年轻的
busy adj. 忙的
lazy adj. 懒的
fat cat 肥猫,暴发户(贬义)
fat farm 减肥中心
fatty 胖子
fathead 笨蛋
play dirty 作弊
dirty jokes 不太得体的玩笑
talk dirty 说脏话
come clean 坦白交待
Mr. clean 清正廉洁的官员
hot air:空话
busy body:爱搬弄是非的人
lazy bones:懒人
Robert isn’t a teacher. He’s an engineer.
Mr. Blake isn’t a student. He’s a teacher.
This isn’t my umbrella. It’s your umbrella.
Sophie isn’t a teacher. She’s a keyboard operator.
Steven isn’t cold. He’s hot.
Naoko isn’t Chinese. She’s Japanese.
This isn’t a German car. It’s a Swidish car.
look at
Look at the man. He’s very fat.
Look at that woman. She’s very thin.
policeman/tall policewoman/short
mechanic/dirty nurse/clean
Steven/hot Emma/cold
milkman/old air hostess/young
hairdresser/busy housewife/lazy
Look at this housewife. She’s very Lazy.
Look at that mechanic. He’s very dirty.