tcp报文:高三M10U1重点词汇讲解

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M10U1重点词汇讲解

put pressure on 给……施加压力

put pressure on sb. to do sth. 给某人施加压力做某事,迫使某人做某事

Industrial development has put (great) pressure on the environment. 工业发展已给环境带来了(巨大的)压力。

Their parents were putting pressure on them to get married. 他们的父母正对他们施加压力,要求他们结婚。

拓展:

under pressure from  在来自……的压力下

pressure sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事

 

on top of 另外,此外;在顶部,在最上面;(危险或威胁)非常接近,逼近

He gets commission on top of his salary.

他除了薪水之外还拿佣金。

Put this record on top of the others.

把这张唱片放在其他唱片上面。

The truck was almost on top of us.

那辆卡车几乎把我们撞倒。

 

claim

[vt.] 要求(拥有);索取;认领;宣称;声称;断言;赢得;取得;夺走,夺去(生命)

[n.] 声明;宣称;断言;(财产、土地等的)所有权;(向公司,政府等的)索赔;索款

claim responsibility/ innocence/ credit

声称有责任/无辜/有功劳

claim benefit/ an allowance/ damages

申领救济金/补助/赔偿金

The earthquake claimed thousands of lives/ victims.

地震夺去了数以千计的罹难者的生命。

It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.

有人断言有些医生每周工作80个小时。

Doctors claimed to have discovered a cure for the disease.

医生们宣称已经发现了治愈这种病的方法。

After the Duke’s death, his eldest son claimed the title.

公爵死后,其长子要求继承爵位。

The issue of a united Taiwan continues to claim our undivided attention.

台湾统一这一问题值得我们继续密切关注。

The singer made a claim that they would not leave the band.

歌手声称他们不会离开乐队。

a claim for $2000

索赔两千美元

His claim to ownership is invalid.

他对所有权的声明是无效的。

target

(1) [vt.] 将……作为目标

(2) [n.] 攻击对象;目标

missiles targeted on American and European cities.

瞄向美国和欧洲城市的导弹。

The sales campaign is targeted at the youth market.

销售活动以年轻人市场为目标。

I’ve set myself a target of saving $20 a month.

我给自己定了每月存20美圆的目标。

a target area/ audience/ group/ market

特别针对的领域/听众/群体/市场

 

at risk

处于危险状态

The future of the whole company is at risk now.

现在整个公司的前途正处在危险状态。

He saved the child at considerable risk to himself/ to his own life.

他冒着极大的生命危险救了那个孩子。

拓展:

at one’s own risk 自担风险

put … at risk     冒……之风险

at the risk of doing sth.        冒着干……的危险

take/ run the risk of doing sth. 冒着……之险

risk doing sth.    冒险做……

If you do so, you will put your own life at risk.

如果你这样做,你会使自己的生命受到威胁。

I wouldn’t run the risk of losing my job and my fame.

我不能冒失去工作和名誉的风险。

Do you think the mountain is worth risking climbing?

你认为值得冒险爬这山吗?

 

without doubt

毫无疑问

without doubt=beyond doubt

He is without/ beyond doubt the cleverest student I’ve ever taught.

他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。

She is without/ beyond doubt a great musician.

她无疑是一位伟大的音乐家。

拓展:

I don’t doubt that … 我不怀疑……

I doubt whether/ if … 我怀疑是否……

I have no doubt that … 我不怀疑……

I have some doubt whether … 我怀疑是否……

There is no doubt about …    毫无疑问……

no doubt             无疑,很可能

No doubt she’ll call us when she gets there.

她到达那儿时必定会我们打电话。

I have no doubt that I have made a good decision.

我不怀疑我做出了一个好的决定。

 

switch

[n.] 开关,闸;(尤指突然彻底的)改变,转变

[vi, vt.] (使)改变,转变,突变;交换,对调

press the on/ off switch

按通断开关

make a switch from learning to teaching

从学习到教授的转变

a switch in method/ policy/ opinion

主意/政策/观点的改变

switch the conversation to a different topic

改变谈话的话题

Could you switch the TV over?

你能把电视换个台吗?

Parents and children should switch roles (with each other) occasionally.

父母和孩子之间有时应互换角色。

You drive first and then we’ll switch round/ over.

你先开车,过会我们轮着开。

switch on/ off the gas/ light

开/关煤气/电

 

dependent

[adj.] 依靠的,依赖的;随……而定的

be dependent on/ upon sb./ sth. (for sth.) 依靠的;依赖的

be dependent on/ upon sth.= be addicted to sth. 对……有瘾的

be dependent on/ upon sth. 受……的影响;取决于

You can’t be dependent on your parents all your life.

你不可能一辈子靠父母生活。

to be dependent on drugs/ alcohol

有毒瘾/酒瘾

A child’s development is dependent on many factors.

孩子的成长受多种因素的影响。

 

in debt

负债

拓展:

get into debt 负债

be out of debt 不负债

pay off debts 偿清债务

be in sb.’s debt 欠某人的人情债;受某人的恩惠;感激某人

 

repay

[vt.] 偿还;报答,回报;值得

to repay a debt/ loan

偿还债务/贷款

How can I ever repay you for your generosity?

你对我这么慷慨,我怎么才能报答你呢?

The report repays careful reading.

这份报告值得仔细阅读。

 

interest

[vt.] 使……感兴趣  

[n.] 兴趣,爱好;利息,利润

I shall be interested to know what happens.

我很想知道情况会怎样。

I find no interest in such things.

我对这些不感兴趣。

His two great interests in life are music and painting.

他一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。

These reforms were in the best interests of local government.

这些改革对地方政府最有利。

拓展:

have an interest in sth./ in doing sth.

对某方面有兴趣(关心);在……中有股份、权益等

develop/ find/ feel interest in sth./ in doing sth.

在某方面培养/有兴趣

show/ take (an) interest in sth./ in doing sth.

对……表示关心(有兴趣)

lose interest in sth./ in doing sth.

对某方面失去兴趣

be interested in sth./ in doing sth.

对……感兴趣(关心)

 

比较:

advantage, benefit, interest与profit

四个词语的意思都表示“优势”、“好处”、“利益”,但是区别较大。

advantage 这个“好处”往往是由条件、地位优越于其他人和事物而获得的“好处”或“利益”, 不是指物质方面的好处。

It will be a great advantage for you to practice spoken English before you go to America.

在去美国之前练练口语对你是有好处的。

profit “利润”、“赢利”,着重强调经济上的好处。

He sold it at a considerable profit.

他以相当可观的利润把它出售了。

interest 可以指“利息”也可以指“利益”。(注意表示“利息”时只能用单数)。

I am speaking entirely in your interests.

我说的全都是为了你好。

benefit 的意思比较广泛,泛指物质或精神方面的好处。

I have read the book several times and benefit much from it.

那本书我读了多遍,从中获益不少。

We do not derive any benefit from the work.

我们并不从这项工作中获得任何利益。

 

weaken

[vt.& vi.] (使)变弱,削弱

The team has been weakened by injury.

这个队因伤实力削弱。

She felt her legs weaken.

她觉得两腿无力。

You must not agree to do it. Don’t weaken.

你们一定不能同意做这件事。别心软。

拓展:

“-en” 为后缀,表示

(1)“使;使成为;变得”,如:blacken 使变黑 sadden 使悲伤

(2)“由……制成的;像……一样的”,如wooden 木制的 golden 金的

 

Squeeze

[n.] 拮据,紧缺;挤压  v. 挤压;威胁;给……造成财务困难

a credit squeeze/ economic squeeze

贷款紧缩/ 经济拮据

She’s just lost her job, so she is really feeling the squeeze.

她失业了,所以她真正感到了经济困难。

give the tube of toothpaste a squeeze

挤牙膏

a squeeze of lemon in your drink

在你饮料中挤入柠檬汁

squeeze the water out (of the cloth)

把(布里的)水挤干

squeeze through a crowd

挤过人群

There were already 40 people in the bus, but he managed to squeeze in.

公车上已经有40个人了,但他还是挤了进去。

Can you squeeze past/ by?

你能挤过去吗?

I’ve a busy morning but I could squeeze you in at 10.15.

我忙了一早上,但还是能挤出时间在十点一刻见你。

 

 

casual

[adj.] 随意的,非正式的;不经意的,漫不经心的

His attitude to his job is rather casual.

他的工作态度不太认真。

Would you like some dress shoes, or just casual ones?

你想要出客穿的鞋还是便鞋?

I am familiar with the casual atmosphere in the company.

我对公司中这种放松的氛围感到很熟悉。

a casual meeting

不期而遇

a casual glance at a book

胡乱看一本书

meet sb. casually

巧遇某人

casually dressed

穿得很随便

casually employed

短期雇佣的

 

show off 

炫耀

The child was eager to show off his new toy.

那个孩子急于炫耀他的新玩具。

Do stop showing off---- it’s embarrassing.

快别卖弄了——太难为情了。

拓展:

show sb. around/ round

带领某人参观

show up

出现;揭露;使清晰

show-off

[n.] 爱炫耀的人

 

bare 

[adj.] 不加掩饰的,不加发挥的;赤裸的,无遮蔽的

a bare hillside

光秃秃的山坡

He came in with his bare hands.

他空手走进来。

We barely had time to catch the train.

我们差点没赶上火车。

He can barely read or write.

他勉强能读写。

The room was barely furnished.

这房间陈设简陋。

put into practice

将……付诸实施

She’s determined to put her new ideas into practice.

她决心要把自己的新想法付诸实践。

How will you put your plan into practice?

你要如何把你的计划付诸实施?

拓展:

in practice   实际上,事实上

Practice makes perfect.  熟能生巧。

 

power

[vt.] 给……提供动力,驱动 

[n.] 能力,力量;权力;功率,动力

The aircraft is powered by a jet engine.

这架飞机由喷气发动机驱动。

The power of the governments has increased greatly over the past century.

近一个世纪以来,政府的权力大大增强了。

He turned on the power and the machine worked.

他打开电源,机器就工作了。

拓展:

come into power/ in power  掌权

beyond/ out of power         不能胜任的

 

比较:

power, strength与force

这三个词都有“力”的意思,但使用范围不完全相同。

power “力”,含义最广,指政治力量或能力。

Knowledge is power.  知识就是力量。

strength 指某人或某物所具有的内在力量,可指体力、力气。

The boy gathered his strength to get up.

那个男孩聚集力量站了起来。

force 也可指物质或精神力量。多指为做成某事而使用的力量,也可指武力。

It took him great force to lift the big stone.

举起那块大石头花费他很大的力气。

 

push for

努力争取

push for sth./ push sb. for sth.

The group is pushing for a ban on GM foods.

集团正强烈要求取缔转基因食品。

I’m going to have to push you for an answer.

我将不得不催促你的答复了。

拓展:

push forward  推行(计划)

push back       推迟,延迟

push on          继续前进(或进行活动)

 

heat 

[n.] 热 

[vt.] 给……加热

Heat rises.

热空气上升。

You should not go out in the heat of the day.

你不应该在天最热的时候外出。

Heat the oil and add the onions.

把油烧热后加入洋葱。

The system produced enough energy to heat several thousand homes.

系统产生的能量足以给几千户人家供暖。

 

Transmit

[vt.] 传输,传送; 传播,传染

signals transmitted from a satellite

从卫星传送来的信号

The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over fifty countries.

典礼通过卫星向五十多个国家进行了实况转播。

Parents can unwittingly transmit their own fears to their children.

父母自己的恐惧有可能在无意中感染了孩子。

练习

一、   首字母填空完成句子。

1.       Rice is grown in his area where it has a very heavy r________.

2.       Jane and Mary don’t live in the same city, however, they manage to meet twice y________.

3.       There is no p________ to be gained from endlessly discussing whose fault it was.

4.       They believe the car will remain a leading means of city travel in f________ the future.

5.       Some houses are designed to be smart and others have smart designs, as they are the works of different d________.

6.       Fresh air, enough exercise and nutritious food c________ to sound health.

7.       Mr. Smith’s c_______ attitude annoyed her deeply.

8.       He has many i________, including books and music.

9.       We will never w________ our efforts in the face of difficulty.

10.   Success is d________ on your efforts and ability.

 

二、   根据中文填空完成句子。

1.       In general, old people in that country still firmly stick to their ________ (传统的) ideas.

2.       The ________ (尊严) of occasion was lost when he fell down the steps.

3.       According to the agreement, the ________ (利息) shall be divided into three equal shares.

4.       These after-class activities have brought out the ________ (创造力) in the students in No.1 High School.

5.       I am familiar with the ________ (放松的) atmosphere in the company.

6.       The birth of the twins put ________ (压力) on the couple to find a bigger flat.

7.       You can’t be ________ (依靠) on your parents all your life.

8.       He had a ________ (权利) to visiting his daughter on his former wife.

9.       The commission is calling for a ________ (全球的) ban on whaling.

10.   The dates of the last two exams have been ________ (调换).

 

三、   选词填空完成句子。

severity          electricity              squeeze          repay             target

bare               power            push for         in debt           on top of

1.       ________ everything else, my car’s been stolen.

2.       The tractor is ________ by a diesel engine.

3.       How can I ever ________ you for your generosity?

4.       He ________ her hand and smiled at her.

5.       He died heavily ________ so that his son had to work hard.

6.       The chances of a full recovery will depend on the ________ of her injuries.

7.       The company has been ________ by animal rights groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials.

8.       Benjamin Franklin, one of the founding fathers of the USA, discovered ________ while flying a kite during a thunderstorm.

9.       The walls were ________ except for a clock.

10.   They are ________ the electoral reform.

 

四、   用所给词语编写故事。

dependent              switch            squeeze               claim          bare

push for                contribute to   put…into practice   at risk      without doubt

参考答案

一、首字母填空完成句子。

1. rainfall              2. yearly         3. profit         4. foreseeable         5. designers

6. contribute   7. casual         8. interests      9. weaken              10.dependent

 

二、根据中文填空完成句子。

1. conventional      2. dignity              3. interest              4. creativity    5. casual

6. pressure             7. dependent   8. claim          9. global         10.switched

 

三、选词填空完成句子。

1. on top of           2. powered     3. repay          4. squeezed     5. in debt

6. severity             7. targeted      8. electricity   9. bare           10. pushing for

 

四、用所给词语编写故事。

There is a family which has only two members in a small village, a boy who is 18 years old and his mother. His father died of cancer when the boy was less than ten and thus the family’s whole income depends on the boy’s mother. To give her son good education, the boy’s mother works very hard in order to earn money as mush as her can. In spite of this, the family is always in a tight squeeze and the boy often had to walk with bare feet. In order to change this situation, the boy claim to his mother that he won’t go on studying when he graduates from middle school. On hearing this, without doubt, the boy’s mother can’t agree with her son and push for her son finishing university education. But the boy didn’t want to let his mother suffer from hard working any longer. Finally, the boy still went out of this small village to a big city to put his thoughts into practice. He knew he may be at risk because he was too young, but he told himself that he won’t regret for his decision.

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