交通管理部门电话:动词不定式考查热点总结

动词不定式考查热点

动词不定式（短语）是非谓语动词的一种, 在句中常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语等，且有时态、语态等形式的变化。不定式用法多样，形式灵活，因而成为历年高考的热点。现结合高考真题将有关问题解析如下。 

　　一、考查动词不定式（短语）的句法功能 

　　(一）作主语 

　　动词不定式可以作句子的主语，这时谓语动词用单数。若不定式主语较长，常用it来代替它作形式主语，而将真实主语不定式短语移到谓语之后，以免句子结构头重脚轻。如： 

　　1. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet. 

　　  A. is not decided                B. are not decided 

　　  C. has not decided              D. have not decided (91国) 

2. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It ____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cold sea. 

　　  A. does         B. feels        C. gets         D. makes (96国) 

　　动词不定式作主语时，it为形式主语的常见句型有： 

　　① It is easy /difficult/hard /important/right/ wrong/ possible/ necessary, /foolish/ kind...to do... 

　　②It is a pleasure /pity/ pleasant thing/ an honour...to do... 

　　③It takes (sb.) some time to do... 

　　(二）作宾语 

　　有些及物动词常跟动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有：like, want, try, wish, begin, decide, ask , forget, promise, hope, love, offer, refuse 等。如： 

　　3. I don’t want ____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.

　　A. to sound                     B. to be sounded 

　　C. sounding                    D. to have sounded  （05津) 

　　4. They’re not very good, but we like ____. 

　　A. anyway to play basketball with them 

　　B. to play basketball with them anyway 

　　C. to play with them basketball anyway 

　　D. with them to play basketball anyway   (00沪) 

　　有些动词后面跟复合宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正宾语 ——不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。这类动词常见的有find(发现)，think(认为)，consider(认为)，feel(觉得)，make(使得)等。如： 

　　Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思觉得研究俄国形势很重要。 

　　（三）作补足语 

　　不定式可与名词或代词构成复合宾语，这时不定式作宾语补足语。此情况分以下三种： 

　　① 带to的不定式作宾语补足语 

　　要求这种结构的动词主要有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, drive, encourage, expect, force, invite, like, love, teach, oblige, order, persuade, request, require, tell, want 等。如： 

　　5. My advisor encouraged ____ a summer course to improve my writing skills. 

　　A. for me taking                B. me taking 

C. for me to take               D. me to take（04京)

② 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语 

　　常用于这种结构的动词有：make, let, have, hear, watch, notice, feel, see 等。 

　　6. As you’ve never been there before, I’ll have someone ____ you the way. 

　　A. to show         B. show          C. showing        D. showed (90沪) 

　　③在help后既可带to也可不带to。如： 

　　Will you help me (to) plant these trees, please? 你愿意帮我种这些树吗？ 

　　当含有复合宾语的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。这时，原来不带to的不定式要加上to。如： 

　　7. The flu is believed ____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. 

　　A. causing                          B. being caused 

　　C. to be caused                      D. be have caused  （04沪) 

　　8. — Is Bob still performing? 

　　 — I’m afraid not. He is said ____ the stage already as he has become an official. 

　　A. to have left                       B. to leave 

　　C. to have been left                   D. to be left (05苏) 

　　(四）作定语 

　　不定式（短语）作定语要放在所修饰的名词/代词后面，他们之间常存在如下关系： 

　　①主谓关系, 被修饰的名词/代词是不定式的逻辑主语。如： 

　　She was the first person to think of the idea.她第一个想到这个注意。 

　　②动宾关系, 被修饰的名词/代词是不定式的逻辑宾语。如： 

　　9. There are five pairs ____, but I’m at a loss which to buy. 

　　A. to be chosen                            B. to choose from 

　　C. to choose                             D. for choosing   (99沪) 

　　③同位关系，不定式说明被修饰的名词/代词的内容。如：

　I want to have a chance to further my study abroad.我想得到去国外进修的机会。 

　　(五）作表语 

　　作表语的不定式往往说明主语的内容，句子的主语通常是hope, idea, job, mistake, plan, suggestion, wish, work, aim, purpose, thing, business等。如： 

　　10. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. 

　　A. not make                        B. not making 

　　C. not to make                      D. do not make  （99国) 

　　(六）作状语 

　　不定式作状语用来修饰动词，表示目的、结果、原因等。 

　　① 作目的状语 

　　不定式作目的状语，有时在形式上与结果状语一样。但是位于句首的一定是目的状语，位于句末的既可能是目的状语也可能是结果状语，这要根据上下文来判断。如： 

　　11. ____ more about university courses, call (920) 764-3789. 

　　A. To find out                      B. Finding out 

　　C. Find out                        D. Having found out （05浙) 

　　12. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars. 

　　A. had                            B. having 

　　C. to have                         D. have （05沪) 

　　13. He hurried to the station only ____ that the train had left. 

　　A. to find                         B. finding 

　　C. found                          D. to have found （05粤) 

　　有时为了强调，还可以在不定式前加in order (to)或so as (to), in order (to)可以用于句首或句末,so as (to)不能用于句首。如： 

　　In order to search for gold, many people went to California. 为了寻找金子很多人去了加利福尼亚。 

　　14. Tom kept quiet about the accident ____ lose his job. 

　　A. so not as to                     B. so as not to 

　　C. so as to not                     D. not so as to (89国) 

　　②作结果状语 

　　不定式作结果状语常见于too...to, enough to等句式中。如： 

　　This meeting room is too small for over fifty people to hold a meeting in. 这个会议室太小，不能容纳50多人在里面开会。 

　　The ice is thick enough to walk on. 冰够厚了可以在上面行走。 

　　③作原因状语 

　　不定式作原因状语主要用于表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后面。如： 

　　She seemed surprised to meet us. 他遇见我们,似乎有点惊讶。 

　　I am very sorry to hear your mother is ill.听到你妈妈病了，我很难过。 

　  二、考查动词不定式的否定式 

　　动词不定式的否定式是在不定式前加not或never。如： 

　　15. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation. 

　　A. to eat not                     B. eating not 

　　C. not to eat                     D. not eating (96国) 

　　16. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule ____. 

　　A. to never break                 B. never to be broken 

　　C. never to have broken           D. never to be breaking (98沪) 

　　三、考查动词不定式的时态形式 

　　不定式一般有三种时态形式：一般式、进行式和完成式。 

　　（一）不定式的一般式 

　　在很多情况下，不定式的一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之后。如： 

　　17. We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. 

　　A. having met                   B. meeting 

　　C. to meet                      D. to have met   (95国) 

　　不定式的一般式有时表示不定式的动作和谓语动作同时发生。如： 

　　We listened her play a piece by Chopin on the piano. 我们倾听她用钢琴弹奏的肖邦的曲子。 

　　（二）不定式的进行式 

　　不定式的进行式表示谓语动词的动作发生时，它的动作正在进行。如： 

　　He pretended to be listening attentively. 他假装在认真听。 

　　（三） 不定式的完成式 

　　不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。如： 

　　18. You were silly not ____ your car. 

　　A. to lock                      B. to have locked 

　　C. locking                      D. having locked (04湘)

四、考查动词不定式的被动态 

　　当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,一般需用被动语态。不定式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两种。 

　　（一）不定式被动态的一般式 

　　不定式被动态的一般式表示被动意义，它的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在其后发生。如： 

　　19. All these gifts must be mailed immediately ____ in time for Christmas 

　　A. in order to have received 

　　B. in order to receive 

　　C. so as to be received 

　　D. so as to be receiving （05辽) 

　　20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left. 

A. to tell                   B. to be told 

　　C. telling                   D. told （04闽) 

　　(二）不定式被动语态的完成式 

　　不定式被动语态的完成式表示被动意义，而且它的动作发生在谓语动作之前。如： 

　　21. He claimed ____ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. 

　　 A. being badly treated 

　　 B. treating badly 

　　 C. to be treated badly 

　　 D. to have been badly treated （98沪)

五、考查动词不定式的复合结构的用法 

　　“for+名词/代词宾格+不定式”构成不定式复合结构。这里的for本身无意义，名词/代词宾格是不定式的逻辑主语，说明不定式的动作执行者。如： 

　　Lincoln said that it was not right for the south to break away from the Union. 林肯说南方各周脱离联邦是不合理的。 

　　有时也可在形容词后用复合结构“of+sb.+不定式”。常可这样用的形容词有kind, good, bad, right, wrong, clever, foolish, stupid等。这些形容词既能表示不定式动作的性质，又可体现人的特点。在此结构中, sb.与形容词有逻辑上的主谓关系;无此关系时,要用for。如： 

　　22. It was foolish ____ you to give up what you rightly owned. 

　　A. for                    B. of 

　　C. about                  D. from（87国) 

　　It’s wrong of the other children to make fun of you. (=The other children are wrong to make fun of you.) 

　　It is necessary for you to work hard. (≠You are necessary to work hard.) 

　　六、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的用法 

　　疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why以及连词whether等与不定式构成的短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如： 

　　23. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job. 

　　A. expected                 B. to expect 

　　C. to be expecting            D. expect （00国) 

　　24. Last summer I took a course on ____. 

　　A. how to make dresses 

　　B. how dresses to make 

　　C. how to be made dresses 

　　D. how dresses to be made （90国) 

　　七、考查动词不定式在某些句式或结构中的用法 

不定式常可用于used to do sth., would rather do...than do, can’t choose but do, can’t help but do, prefer to do...than (to) do , happen to do等固定结构中。如： 

25. I don’t know whether you happen ____, but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September. 

　　 A. to be heard            B. to be hearing 

　　 C. to hear                D. to have heard   （04辽) 

　　26. Sandy could do nothing but ____ to his teacher that he was wrong. 

　　A. admit                  B. admitted 

　　C. admitting               D. to admit（01春沪)   

　　八、考查to替代整个动词不定式的用法   

　　在口语中，如果句子前面已出现过同样的动词，为避免重复，后面常用不定式符号to替代动词及其后续部分。如： 

 27. —You should have thanked her before you left. 

　　 —I meant ____, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere. 

　　A. to do                   B. to 

　　C. doing                   D. doing so （00沪) 

　　28. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____. 

　　A. not to                  B. not to do 

　　C. not do it                D. do not it （95国) 

　 九、考查“名词/代词+不定式”构成的独立结构的用法 

　　　　“名词/代词+不定式”构成的独立结构在句中常作状语。如： 

　　29. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ____ in a year. 

　　A. follows                 B. followed 

　　C. to follow                D. being followed  （05湘) 

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