昆山中医院的妇科专家:语法词汇记忆?07

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5、连词conj.: 

 
(a)同位conj.(并列conj.转折conj.因果conj.选择conj.)
(b)从属conj. (时间conj.地点conj.原因conj.条件conj.目的conj.让步conj.结果conj.比较conj.方式conj.引导
conj.)

 

连词,用来连接单词、短语、句子的词类被称作为连词。连词分两类:一是同位连词;二是从属连词。如果被连接的两个句子在语法上处于同等地就是同位连词;如果该连词引导的是主句与从句类型就是从属连词,包括主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等。从属连词包括引导名词性从句的连接词、引导形容词性从句的关系词、引导副词性从句的从属词,其中连接词和关系词

已经在问号词部分列出,下面只详细列出从属词。

 

如何记忆同位连词的四个定义呢?
同位连词好比是表示一条公路上的两辆汽车的关系,当两辆车都以同样速度朝东面一个方向行驶,我们就定义为并列
词;两个开车的人发生了争执,车速慢了下来,就定义为因果连词;两个车停下来商量是继续向东,还是掉头向西,就定义为选择连词;然后一个人继续开车向东走,而一个人掉头向西开车回家,就定义为转折连词。两个车都在地面上,就是“地对地”的关系。

 

如何记忆从属连词的九个定义呢?

从属连词,是连接主句和状语从句的词,英语中的状语从句有九类:时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、结果、比较、方式。从属连词好比是表示一条船和一架飞机的关系,我在中午时间地点是北京机场,原因是想出国,目的地是美国,如果海上的条件风平浪静,我会坐船去,但是比较了一下价格,尽管坐船便宜,但我还是作出了让步结果是我选择了乘飞机去,如同一只鸟的飞翔的方式到达美国。坐船还是乘飞机就是“地对空”的关系。

 
同位连词]


1、并列连词
和、并且、渐渐 and 
两者都 both…and…
=alike…and…
=at once…and…
=equally…and…
不但 … 而且 … not only…but also….
=not merely…but likewise…
=not alone…but also…
和 … 一样 as well as
=no less than
不是… 而是 … not…but…
半因… 半因… what with …,  and (what with)
半靠… 半靠… what by…, and (what with)
部分… 部分… partly … (and) partly …
而且、何况 besides
而且、此外 moreover
而且、还要 furthermore
而且 further
此外 in addition
也 also 
同样地 likewise
同样地 similarly
其实 indeed
而且 again
更甚者 (and) what is more
更不幸运地 (and) what is worse
从没有...而不,每次...就... never…but…

 

2、因果连词
所以、因此 (and) so
所以、因此 (and) therefore
所以、因此 (and) consequently
所以、因此 (and) accordingly
因此、于是 thus
因此、那么 then
= so then
所以、因此 hence
因为 for
像是 such as
即,就是 namely
= viz.
换言之,即是 that is (to say)
= i.e.
= id est.
例如 for example
= e.g.
= exempli gratia
例如 for instance
姑且说 (let us) say
即,就是 to wit

 

3、选择连词
或者 or   
不是… 就是… either…or…
既不 … 也不… neither ... nor …
= not…nor 
= (and) not…either
= not … and nor
= not … but nor
不是 … 而是 not … but
否则 else
= or (else)
= otherwise

 

4、转折连词
但是 but 
的确… ,不过…  indeed …but…
= it is true …but…
= … ,to be sure,but…
但是、不过 only
但是、然而 yet
= and yet
= but yet
但是、仍然 still
但是 however
可是、然而 nevertheless
相反地,而 whereas
= while
= but on the contrary
相反地、但在另一方面 on the other hand
= on the contrary

 

 [从属连词]  从属词(引导副词性从句的)


1、时间从属词
当...时候 /when
=at
=during the time that
当...时候 /while
=during the time that
当...时候 /as
一直到...为止 /till
一直到...为止 /until
直到...才 /not… until
无论何时 /whenever
自从...以来 /since
在...之后 /after
在...之前 /before
在...的时候,只要 /as (so) long as
=while
无论何时,每次 /as often as
= whenever
=each time
当...时候 /once
在...之前 /by the time (when)
=by the time (that)
=before
...不久,就..., 在...之前不久 /not … long before (when)
一 ...就... /hardly … when (before) ….
= scarcely … when (before) …
= barely … when (before) …
= no sooner …than …
= as soon as
=directly (when)
=immediately (when / after)
= the moment (that)
= the instant (that)
=the minute (that0
任何时候 /anytime
= whenever
每次 /every time
每逢...的时候 /each time
下次 /next time
上次 /last time
当...那天 /the day

 

2、地点从属词
在...地方,到...地方 /where
任何地方 /wherever
=everywhere (that)
=anywhere (that)
(到)...什么地方 /whence

 

3、原因从属词
因为 /as
因为 /beacause
=it is that
是因为 /The reason … is that …
因为,既然,鉴于 /since
=inasmuch as
=in as much as
=Now that
=seeing (that)
=considering (that)
=when
因为,由于 /in that
=for that
不是因为...而是因为,并非...而是 /not beacause … but beacause …
=not that … but that …
=not that not … but (beacause) …
=not but that … but beacause …
=not but that … but beacause …
因为... /for the reason that
=by reason that
=on the ground(s) that

 

4、目的从属词
为了...,以便... /that … may(might)
=so that … may(might)
=in order that …may(might)
为了... /to the end that
=to the intent that
=on purpose that
以免,惟恐,以防备,为了不... /lest … should
=for fear(that) … should
=in case (that) … should

 

5、条件从属词
如果,万一,一旦,假如 /if
=suppose (that)
=supposing (that)
=provided (that)
=providing (that)
=in the event that +从句
=in the event of +名词
=in case +从句
=in case of +名词
=in the case of +名词(=as regards关于)
只要 / if only
=as long as
=so long as
=so that
一旦 = if you …
= once
=as soon as
只有 /only if
如果不是,只是 /only that
=but that(如果不是)
=except that(只是)
除非,如果不 /unless
= if … not
只要,假如 /on condition (that)
如果...则 /where … there …

 

6、比较从属词
比较,和...相比 /than
越...越 /the … the …
按照...的样子 /how
=in the manner that
=as
按照 /according as
愈...愈,按...比例 /in proportion as
=in ratio as
像...一样 /as … as …
不像...那样,没有...像...那样 /not so(as) …as …
=no … so(as) …as …


7、让步从属词
虽然...但是,即使...也 /if
=even if
=even though
无论...都要 /weither … or
虽然...但是 /as
=though
=although
=when
=notwithstanding (that)
无论...都 /no matter +疑问词+(may)
虽然...可是 /while
=whereas
虽然...但是,尽管如此...但是 /for all (that)
=with all
=in spite of
=despite
=after all
即使...也 /granting (that)
=granted (that)
=grant that
=(while) admitting (that)
=assuming (that)
虽然...但是 /not but
=not but that
=not but what

 

8、结果从属词
如此...以至于... /so … that
如此...以至于... /such … that
所以,结果是... /so(that)
没有...不能... /but
=but that
=but what
=that … not
=unless

 

9、方式从属词
像,按照 /as
像...一样,犹如 /(just) as …,so …
好象,宛如 /as if
=as though

 

 6、感叹词


 (一)表示欢乐
Hurrah ! 万岁!加油!
Bravo ! 万岁!好极了!
Yipee ! 好哇!
ha ha 哈哈

 (二)表示赞赏
Bravo ! 好极了!太棒了!
Well done ! 做得好!要得!
Good ! 好!太好了!

 (三)表示惊奇
Oh ! 啊!唉!哦!
(Good) heavens !
Good gracious ! 天啊!
Dear me!
Oh ,dear!
Dear ,dear ! 天啊!
(Oh,) boy ! 啊!哦!
Strange ! 奇怪!

 (四)表示恐惧
Oh! /
Oh ,horrors ! 哦!/ 哦!好恐怖!
 

 (五)表示哀伤
O ! / Oh! 噢!哦!
Ah ! / Ah me ! 啊!啊,惨了!
Alas ! 哎呀!呜呼!哀哉!

 (六)表示痛苦
Ouch ! 哎呀 !痛啊 !

 (七)表示咒骂
Oh ,damn ! /
Dame it (all) ! 该死!
God damn it ! 该死!糟了!
Damn you ! /
God damn you ! 混蛋东西!
Go to hell ! 该死!去你的!滚开!
Be damned to you ! 你这畜生!
phew 

 

 (八)表示引人注意的叫声
Lo! 瞧! 注意!
Look! / See ! 看!
Attention ! 注意!小心!
Look out ! 小心!
Hey ! 喂!嘿!
Come 嗨!

 (九)表达其他感叹
Fire ! Fire ! 火!着火了!
Crack ! 噼啪!